scholarly journals Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire: Psychometric Validation with a Portuguese Sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ferreira ◽  
Ana C. Magalhães ◽  
Pedro Bem-Haja ◽  
Laura Alho ◽  
Carlos F. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Disease Avoidance ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability To Disease ◽  
Disease Questionnaire

Abstract Background Individual differences in one’s perceived vulnerability to disease are implicated in psychological distress, social and behavioral disease avoidance phenomena. The Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVD) is the most extensively used measure when it comes to assessing subjective vulnerability to infectious diseases. However, this measure is not yet accessible to the Portuguese population. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the PVD with 136 Portuguese participants. Methods Factorial, convergent and discriminant validity (of both the scale and between each factor), and reliability analysis were assessed. Results A modified bifactorial model, comprised of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion factors, was obtained, with acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and good internal consistencies. Conclusions Overall, the 10-items European-Portuguese PVD appears to be a reliable and valid measure of one’s perceived vulnerability to disease, with potential relevance for application in both research and clinical practice pertaining to disease-avoidance processes.

scholarly journals Design and validation of the Self-Care Behaviors Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-741
Author(s):  
Nissa Torres ◽  
Víctor Corral ◽  
Nadia Corral ◽  
María Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
And Behavior

Self-care constitutes a series of actions and behavior that contributes to individuals life, health and well-being maintenance and represents a relevant construct in diverse psychological areas. The purpose of this study is to develop the Self-Care Behaviors Scales and evaluate its psychometric properties. The sample included 235 individuals (M= 29.11 years, SD= 10.53) from northern Mexico. To analyze the structure, a factorial exploratory analysis, revealed the existence of three factors (physical self-care, psychological self-care, spiritual self-care) that would explain 54% of total covariance. A three-factor analysis of covariance allowed adequate goodness-of-fit indices and the calculation of the mean variance extracted. The scale obtained evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The internal consistency indices of the total score and the subscales were high (between .93 to .96). The significant correlation between these factors with personal variables provided evidence of the concurrent validity of the scale.

Maladaptive and Adaptive Cognitions About the Self and Others: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief Core Schemas Scales

2022 ◽  
pp. 003329412110636
Author(s):  
Bruno Faustino
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The presence of dysfunctional cognitions about how individuals see themselves and others is a hallmark of psychopathology. The Brief Core Schemas Scale (BCSS) was developed to evaluate adaptive and dysfunctional beliefs about the self and others. This study describes the first psychometric analysis of the BCSS in the Portuguese population. Participants were recruited from community ( N = 320, Mage=27.31, DP = 12.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the BCSS factorial structure. Four-factor model revealed moderate to adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 717.1, (246) p = .01; SRMR = .044; RMSEA = .077; CFI/TLI < .90). Negative views of the self and others correlated positively with early maladaptive schemas, distress, and symptomatology and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. An inversed correlational pattern was found with the positive views of the self and others. Despite the model's moderate adherence to the data, results suggest that the BCSS may be an asset in the assessment of dysfunctional and adaptive cognitions about the self and others. Further analysis is required to deepen the psychometric properties of the BCSS in the Portuguese population.

scholarly journals Measurement Model and Adaptation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Mathematics in University Students

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Beatriz Echeverría Castro ◽  
Mirsha Alicia Sotelo Castillo ◽  
Christian Oswaldo Acosta Quiroz ◽  
Laura Fernanda Barrera Hernández
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Social Persuasion

The aim of the study was to adjust the measurement model of an instrument of sources of Self-efficacy for Mathematics to sample of university students from Northeast of Mexico and the sex measurement invariance. A second-order modeling was performed, which shows convergent and discriminant validity, which corresponds to the original Bandura theory of self-efficacy and contains four factors: experience in mastery, social persuasion, vicarious learning, and physiological state (emotional activation). There was adequate goodness of fit of the model in the confirmatory analysis. The advantages of the use of this instrument are discussed for its simplicity and ease of applications, qualification, and interpretation, to be used by teachers, tutors, and advisors of mathematics.

scholarly journals Measurement of Stigma in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hanoi, Vietnam: Assessment of a Homosexuality-Related Stigma Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huy Ha ◽  
Michael W. Ross ◽  
Jan M. H. Risser ◽  
Huong T. M. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Fit Index

Objective. To develop and assess a homosexuality-related stigma scale among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2011. We used a cross-validation approach. Factor analysis was performed, and interitem correlation matrices were constructed to identify the latent factor structures, examine the goodness of fit, and assess convergent and discriminant validity of the determined scales. Internal consistency checks were performed in split samples and whole sample, and separately for each determined factor. Results. The findings were consistent in split samples. Three homosexuality-related stigma factors were identified: enacted homosexual stigma, perceived homosexual stigma, and internalized homosexual stigma. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis in both split samples supported the hypothesized three-factor structures (in subsamples A and B: χ2/degrees of freedom ratio = 1.77 and 1.59, nonnormed fit index = 0.92 and 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.93 and 0.95, and the root mean square of approximation = 0.06 and 0.05, resp.). The interitem correlation supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales. The reliability of the three scales indicated good consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.79–0.84) across split samples and for the whole data. Conclusion. Our scales have good psychometric properties for measuring homosexuality-related stigma. These comprehensive and practical tools are crucial not only to assess stigma against MSM and its consequence, but also to guide the development of interventions targeting MSM, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of existing stigma reduction efforts in Vietnam and other countries with similar settings.

scholarly journals Psychometric validation of the EORTC QLQ-HCC18 in patients with previously treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Serrano ◽  
Lauren Podger ◽  
Gisoo Barnes ◽  
James Song ◽  
Boxiong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Quality Of Life Questionnaire ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Eortc Qlq

AbstractTo demonstrate the measurement properties of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Hepatocellular Carcinoma 18-question module (EORTC QLQ-HCC18) within a previously treated, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical trial population that was distinct from the published QLQ-HCC18 validation population. Analyses were conducted using data from BGB-A317-208, an open label, international, clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety of the monoclonal antibody tislelizumab in adult HCC patients. The EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and QLQ-HCC18 instruments were assessed at baseline and weeks 3 and 9 follow-up visits. Per US Food and Drug Administration guidance, psychometric validation of the QLQ-HCC18 included reliability (internal consistency and test–retest), construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity and known-groups validity), ability to detect change, and meaningful within-patient change (MWPC). Known-groups validity and MWPC analyses were also stratified on several pre-defined subgroups. A total of 248 patients were included. Only the QLQ-HCC18 fatigue, nutrition, and index domains demonstrated acceptable internal consistency; acceptable test–retest reliability was found for fatigue, body image, nutrition, pain, sexual interest, and index domains. The QLQ-HCC18 fatigue domain achieved the pre-specified criterion defining acceptable convergent and discriminant validity for 13 of 16 correlations, whereas the index domain achieved the pre-specified criterion for 14 of 16 correlations. Clear differentiation of the QLQ-HCC18 change scores between improvement and maintenance anchor groups were observed for body image, fatigue, pain, and index domains, whereas differentiation between deterioration and maintenance anchor groups were observed for fever and fatigue domains. MWPC point estimates defining improvement for the QLQ-HCC18 fatigue and index domains were −7.18 and −4.07, respectively; MWPC point estimates defining deterioration were 5.34 and 3.16, respectively. The EORTC QLQ-HCC18 fatigue and index domains consistently demonstrated robust psychometric properties, supporting the use of these domains as suitable patient-reported endpoints within a previously treated, unresectable HCC patient population.

scholarly journals Apathy in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: Psychometric Validation of the Apathy Evaluation Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Umucu ◽  
Mary Wyman ◽  
Beatrice Lee ◽  
Megan Zuelsdorff ◽  
Susan Flowers Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to validate the Apathy Evaluation Scale, self-rated version (AES-S), and assess the severity of apathy in a cognitively healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method: Three hundred and sixteen middle-aged adults were selected to represent a subset of the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Clinical Core: the Investigating Memory in People At-risk, Causes and Treatments cohort. Results: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation identified 3 subscales: apathy, disinterest, and social withdrawal factors. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the EFA findings. Results indicated acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. The AES-S is a reliable instrument to quantify apathy in cognitively healthy middle-aged individuals at risk for AD. Discussion: This study demonstrates the AES-S is a psychometrically sound measurement tool for assessing levels of apathy in a cognitively healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for AD.

scholarly journals Development of the “COVID-19 Psychological Destruction Scale”: A Validity and Reliability Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Akan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Group Data

Abstract This research is a scale development study to determine the level of destruction that COVID-19 has created on the psychology of individuals in the 18-50 age group. Data were collected by convenience sampling method, which allowed us to reach total 1604 participants, aged between 18 and 50 years, from 7 regions in Turkey. At the end of exploratory factor analysis performed on a 60-item pilot form, a two-factor structure was obtained explaining 61.74% of the total variance. The “Collapse” dimension has 14 items and the “Fear” dimension has 4 items. Load values of the items in the “Collapse” dimension are between 0.700 - 0.855 and the load values of items in the "Fear" dimension are between 0.736 - 0.797. While the reliability analysis showed a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.951 for the whole scale, the Cronbach's Alpha values for the dimensions were 0.937 and 0.791, respectively. A survey was implemented with 597 new participants for convergent and discriminant validity, and the Pearson Moments Product Correlation coefficient between the developed “COVID-19 Psychological Destruction Scale” and “Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)” was found to be 0.748. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the new data set with 597 participants and the goodness of fit index values obtained showed that the model perfectly fit. The result of the research reveals that the “COVID-19 Psychological Destruction Scale” is a valid and reliable scale that can be applied to individuals aged 18-50.

scholarly journals “Touch Me If You Can!”: Individual Differences in Disease Avoidance and Social Touch

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470492110561
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Thiebaut ◽  
Alain Méot ◽  
Arnaud Witt ◽  
Pavol Prokop ◽  
Patrick Bonin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Disease Avoidance ◽  
First Line ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Social Touch ◽  
Psychological System ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability To Disease ◽  
The Impact

The threat of diseases varies considerably among individuals, and it has been found to be linked to various proactive or reactive behaviors. In the present studies, we investigated the impact of individual differences in the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) on social touch before (Study 1) or during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (Study 2). We also investigated the influence of personality traits in the covariation between these two dimensions. We found that people who are the most disease-avoidant are also the most reluctant to touching or being touched by others (and this relationship holds when personality traits are taken into account). Interestingly, the association between PVD and social touch increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with a few months before. By showing that the fear of contamination has an association with social touch, the findings provide further evidence for the behavioral immune system ( Schaller and Park, 2011 ), a psychological system acting as a first line of defense against pathogens.

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