Fine-scale Landscape Variability of Cotonou City, Benin: Insights From Three Contrasted Urban Neighborhoods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri-Joël Dossou ◽  
Brice Tenté ◽  
Gualbert Houémènou ◽  
Mariano Davy Sossou ◽  
Jean-Pierre Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Landscape Variability ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Urbanization consist in a complex and deep human-driven environmental change that strongly impacts the ecology and evolution of living organisms, including pathogens, reservoir and vector species hence human health. Quantitative proxies of urban landscapes may be very useful to sum-up such a complexity and to guide fundamental and applied research as well as urban planning programs. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide landscape and uses metrics which can be investigated through multivariate analyses, thus providing pertinent synthetic landscape descriptors. As such, our study describes the fine-scale modelling of three urban neighborhoods of Cotonou city, Benin, using GIS, landscape metrics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Spatial variability between and within neighborhoods revealed different levels of variability, with elements differentiating the three areas from each other, while local neighbourhood-specific variations were also evidenced. We found that Cotonou landscapes are strongly influenced by their history, the natural environment in which they develop as well as the urban planning trajectories. This case study shows that PCA-analyzed of GIS-based metrics may be very relevant to describe and understand the variability of urban landscapes at different scales, thus constituting a valuable tool for urban management of African cities.

scholarly journals Challenges for a Safe Workplace and Cope Up Strategy: A Case Study for Construction Industry in Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fazley Hossain Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Flow Dependency ◽  
Performance Behavior ◽  
Different Levels

Like many other parts of the globe, in Malaysia, construction industry has a vital support to the national economy, even though statistics indicates that, at the same time, it is an extremely risky profession due to high accident rate.  In addition, current evidences suggest that, in general, safety in Sarawak construction industries lack attention. As, human behavior is regarded as the principal component that contributes to accidents in this industry, this study intends to explore existing barriers in development and maintaining safety performance behavior as well as possible coping strategies. A qualitative analysis of in-depth interview (N=4) among different levels of professions within industries in Kuching, Sarawak reveals that, price sensitive subcontracting, short-term projects, irregular cash flow, dependency on larger companies, less managerial and supervisory engagement, and priority on progress alone create obstacles for safety behavior. On the other hand, possibly, the challenges can be managed through integration of safety into contracts as compliance, associated disbursement, and introducing incentives.  Keywords: Construction industry in Sarawak; safety performance behavior    

scholarly journals The Implementation of Sustainable Development and Protection of Cultural Heritage at Different Levels of Spatial and Urban Planning: A Case Study of the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojša Stefanović ◽  
Nataša Danilović Hristić
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Implementation Models ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

The starting point in this paper is the position that spatial and urban planning has a key role in sustainable development and the protection of cultural heritage. The planning method used in areas of cultural heritage differs depending on the type and level of the spatial plan. It is possible to identify aspects of protection and sustainable development in plans, with the protection of cultural heritage dominating in practice. Research was carried out on a case study of three spatial plans at different levels, which both in terms of their methodology and content make up the planning system for the protection and sustainable development of cultural heritage in Serbia. The comparative analysis of the plans includes three aspects: protection, the sustainable development of cultural heritage, and the integration of cultural heritage into the planning and protection of landscapes. The implementation models of the spatial plans were considered. The main conclusion of the paper is that the concept of protecting cultural heritage has not evolved into a system of comprehensive and adequate planning for its sustainable development, nor is it sufficiently integrated with the planning and protection of landscapes. The paper provides guidelines for improving both the methodology of spatial planning and the concept of the sustainable development and protection of cultural heritage in spatial plans.

scholarly journals Green Corridors in Urban Landscapes, Case Study Nicosia Pedieos River

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Selda İnançoğlu ◽  
Özge Özden ◽  
Can Kara
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Green Corridors

Due to increasing population and expansion of cities, urban planning issues are becoming more important worldwide. It is realized that biological methodologies ought to be coordinated into urban arranging activities. Particularly in European cities, creating greenways and green corridors is a very recent phenomenon. The advancement of green space along urban waterways could moderate urban warmth island impacts, improve the physical and mental prosperity of city occupants, improve flood resilience and could also sustain biodiversity. The Pedieos River is the longest river in Cyprus. Like most of streams on the island, it is a non-enduring waterway, of fleeting nature that for the most part streams during the blustery winter months or after overwhelming precipitation occasions. A literature review was undertaken to discover the importance of rivers within the urbanized areas. It is known that the Pedieos River is firmly connected to the historical backdrop of Nicosia as it is one reason for the city's presence at the site. The increase of impermeable areas as a result of urbanization is also one of the main causes for flooding in recent years. In this research, the current situation of the river was investigated and its possible rehabilitation discussed for more sustainable city. The aim of this study is to recommend a feasible proposition by examining green territory zones and reason green passages along the Pedieos River so as to improve the living condition of Nicosia city.  Keywords: Greenway, river, Pedieos River, urban planning

Interrelationships between municipal spatial policy strategy and airport operation and development. Lodz Airport case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nikorowicz-Zatorska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
The One ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Abstract The present paper focuses on spatial management regulations in order to carry out investment in the field of airport facilities. The construction, upgrades, and maintenance of airports falls within the area of responsibility of local authorities. This task poses a great challenge in terms of organisation and finances. On the one hand, an active airport is a municipal landmark and drives local economic, social and cultural development, and on the other, the scale of investment often exceeds the capabilities of local authorities. The immediate environment of the airport determines its final use and prosperity. The objective of the paper is to review legislation that affects airports and the surrounding communities. The process of urban planning in Lodz and surrounding areas will be presented as a background to the problem of land use management in the vicinity of the airport. This paper seeks to address the following questions: if and how airports have affected urban planning in Lodz, does the land use around the airport prevent the development of Lodz Airport, and how has the situation changed over the time? It can be assumed that as a result of lack of experience, land resources and size of investments on one hand and legislative dissonance and peculiar practices on the other, aviation infrastructure in Lodz is designed to meet temporary needs and is characterised by achieving short-term goals. Cyclical problems are solved in an intermittent manner and involve all the municipal resources, so there’s little left to secure long-term investments.

METHODS OF RENOVATION OF LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH LANDSCAPE RECULTIVATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ROSTOV REGION)

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Oksana Sadkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Planning Methods

One of major factors of deterioration in a microclimate of urban development in the conditions of the Rostov region, is degradation of landscapes owing to violation of water balance of the territory. In article the main reasons for violation of water balance which included natural features of the region, a consequence of anthropogenic influence, climatic changes, etc. are considered. Examples from the world practice of urban planning, which show the relevance and effectiveness of compensation for the effects of anthropogenic im-pacts and climate change using planning methods, are given. The experience of the United States, the Nether-lands, Canada and other countries that use water-saving technologies in planning is considered. The rela-tionship of urban planning and the formation of sustainable urban landscapes is shown. The integration of water-saving technologies into the urban environment can be a means of optimizing landscapes and a means of creating unique urban spaces. Reclamation of the urban landscape of low-rise buildings is a necessary step in creating a modern and comfortable urban environment in the conditions of the Rostov region. Meth-ods are proposed to compensate for negative changes in urban landscapes that can be applied at the stage of urban planning. As well as the proposed methods can be applied in the reconstruction of urban low-rise buildings. The considered methods concern not only urban landscapes, but also agricultural landscapes that surround small and medium-sized cities of the Rostov region. In article the author's concept of the organiza-tion of the low housing estate on a basis Urban- facies is submitted. Planning methods of regulation of water balance of the territory on the basis of models the ecological protective of landscapes are offered: an ecolog-ical core, an ecological corridor and an ecological barrier and also analogs from town-planning practice are considered. The reclamation of urban landscapes based on urban planning methods for regulating the water balance of the territory will allow creating unique urban spaces that are resistant to local climatic conditions and the possible consequences of climate change.

Patterns of Social Inclusion and Exclusion Among Youth Living in Stigmatized Neighborhoods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Espíndola Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social

This chapter is an ethnographic case study of the social integration trajectories of youth living in two stigmatized and poor neighborhoods in Montevideo. It explains the linkages between residential segregation and social inclusion and exclusion patterns in unequal urban neighborhoods. Most empirical neighborhood research on the effects of residential segregation in contexts of high poverty and extreme stigmatization have focused on its negative effects. However, the real mechanisms and mediations influencing the so-called neighborhood effects of residential segregation are still not well understood. Scholars have yet to isolate specific neighborhood effects and their contribution to processes of social inclusion and exclusion. Focusing on the biographical experiences of youth in marginalized neighborhoods, this ethnography demonstrates the relevance of social mediations that modulate both positive and negative residential segregation effects.

scholarly journals Digital Twin for Designing and Reconfiguring Human–Robot Collaborative Assembly Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Niki Kousi ◽  
Christos Gkournelos ◽  
Sotiris Aivaliotis ◽  
Konstantinos Lotsaris ◽  
Angelos Christos Bavelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Flexible Assembly ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Collaborative Assembly ◽  
Geometrical Information ◽  
Line Level ◽  
Dual Arm ◽  
Different Levels

This paper discusses a digital twin-based approach for designing and redesigning flexible assembly systems. The digital twin allows modeling the parameters of the production system at different levels including assembly process, production station, and line level. The approach allows dynamically updating the digital twin in runtime, synthesizing data from multiple 2D–3D sensors in order to have up-to-date information about the actual production process. The model integrates both geometrical information and semantics. The model is used in combination with an artificial intelligence logic in order to derive alternative configurations of the production system. The overall approach is discussed with the help of a case study coming from the automotive industry. The case study introduces a production system integrating humans and autonomous mobile dual arm workers.

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