Association Between Monocyte Levels and Breast Lump Detected By Ultrasound Among Chinese Women: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Yujing Jin ◽  
Junfang You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Lump Detection

Abstract Background Few studies have focused on the relationship between monocyte and breast lump. To explore whether absolute monocyte count (AMC) or monocyte percent (%MONO) could be used as a new circulation tumor marker for breast lump detection by ultrasonography among Chinese women. Methods A total of 3,231 women who had at least two breast ultrasonography examinations were followed up from January 2014 to December 2019. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between AMC and %MONO and the incidence of breast lump. Results During a total of 6,037 person-years of follow-up, 803 participants developed a breast lump. In the final multivariable adjusted models, using the lowest quartile as the reference group, the HRs (95%CIs) of breast lump were 1.18 (0.95, 1.45), 1.33 (1.08, 1.65), and 1.28 (1.02, 1.61), respectively, for AMC in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles (Ptrend < 0.001). The corresponding HRs (95%CIs) for %MONO in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles were 1.03 (0.83, 1.28), 1.28 (1.03, 1.29), and 1.62 (1.30, 2.02, Ptrend< 0.001), respectively. The multivariable adjusted HRs for breast lump per unit increase of AMC and %MONO were 3.19 (1.38, 7.38; P = 0.007) and 1.14 (1.08, 1.21; P < 0.001), respectively. The effect of high monocyte levels on increased risks of breast lump were more remarkable in younger women. Conclusion This study demonstrated that increased monocyte levels can be used as an indicator of the incidence of breast lump, especially for younger women.

scholarly journals Association Between Pre-diagnostic Dietary Supplements Intake and Ovarian Cancer Survival: Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study in Chinese Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Hui Gu ◽  
Ting-Ting Gong ◽  
Qi-Jun Wu ◽  
Fang-Hua Liu ◽  
Zhao-Yan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Survival

Background: As a result of a limited number of studies and inconsistent findings, there remains uncertainty in whether pre-diagnostic dietary supplements intake affects survival after ovarian cancer (OC) diagnosis.Methods: The association between pre-diagnostic dietary supplements intake and all-cause OC mortality was examined in the OC follow-up study, which included a hospital-based cohort (n = 703) of Chinese women diagnosed with OC between 2015 and 2020. Pre-diagnostic dietary supplements information was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Deaths were ascertained up to March 31, 2021, via death registry linkage. Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the aforementioned association.Results: A total of 130 women died during the median follow-up of 37.2 months (interquartile: 24.7–50.2 months). We found no evidence that any pre-diagnostic dietary supplements intake compared with never is associated with OC survival (HR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.47–1.18). Furthermore, our study suggested no association for ever supplements intakes of vitamin A (HR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.07–3.46), vitamin C (HR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.27–1.54), vitamin D (HR = 1.19, 95%CI: 0.28–5.03), vitamin E (HR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.06–3.87), multivitamin (HR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.14–1.67), calcium (HR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.53–1.72), and fish oil/DHA (HR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.04–2.37) with OC survival. Interestingly, we only found a detrimental effect of vitamin B supplementation intake (HR = 3.78, 95%CI: 1.33–0.69) on OC survival.Conclusions: We found no evidence that any pre-diagnostic dietary supplements intake is associated with OC survival. Considering lower exposure of dietary supplements before OC diagnosis in the present study, further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Abstract P146: Serum Magnesium and Mortality in the General US Population: Results From the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Jin Xia ◽  
Liana C. Del Gobbo ◽  
Adela Hruby ◽  
Ka He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Low Serum

Introduction: Low magnesium (Mg) intake and/or status has been associated with increased risk of chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. However, whether and to what extent low serum Mg levels are associated with all-cause or cause-specific mortality in the general population is uncertain. Hypothesis: We aimed to quantify the dose-response associations between low concentrations of serum Mg and mortality from all causes, cancer, CVD, and stroke in the general US population. Methods: We analyzed prospective data on 14,353 participants aged 25-74 years with baseline measures of serum Mg concentrations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study 1971-2006. We estimated the mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for participants within predefined and clinically meaningful categories of serum Mg levels, including <0.7, 0.7-0.74, 0.75-0.79, 0.8-0.9 (normal reference), 0.9-0.94, 0.95-0.99, and ≥1.0 mmol/L, using Cox proportional hazards models. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to examine potentially nonlinear relationships between serum Mg and mortality. Results: During a mean follow-up of 27.6 years, 7,072 deaths occurred, 3,310 (47%) CVD deaths, 1,533 (22%) cancer deaths, and 281 (4%) stroke deaths. Twenty-one percent of all participants had low levels of serum Mg (<0.8 mmol/L) and 1.5% had extremely low serum Mg (<0.7 mmol/L). Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates were 3845, 3491, 3471, 3400 (normal reference), 3531, 3525, and 3836 per 100,000 person-years for increasing categories of serum Mg; the HRs and 95% confidence intervals for increasing serum Mg were 1.32 (1.02-1.72), 0.93 (0.74-1.16), and 1.06 (0.96-1.18), 1.07 (0.97-1.18), 0.94 (0.77-1.13), and 0.93 (0.72-1.21), compared to the reference group (0.8-0.9 mmol/L). An L-shaped association between serum Mg concentrations and all-cause mortality was observed after adjusting for potential confounders (Figure). No statistically significant associations were observed between serum Mg and cancer, CVD, or stroke mortality. Conclusions: Very low serum Mg levels were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the general US population. Our findings support the hypothesis that Mg deficiency as defined by very low serum Mg may have an important influence on mortality.

scholarly journals Cooking frequency may enhance survival in Taiwanese elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Chia-Yu Chen ◽  
Meei-Shyuan Lee ◽  
Yu-Hung Chang ◽  
Mark L Wahlqvist
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Younger Women

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between cooking behaviour and long-term survival among elderly Taiwanese.DesignCohort study. The duration of follow-up was the interval between the date of interview and the date of death or 31 December 2008, when censored for survivors. Information used included demographics, socio-economic status, health behaviours, cooking frequencies, physical function, cognitive function, nutrition knowledge awareness, eating out habits and food and nutrient intakes. These data were linked to death records. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to evaluate cooking frequency on death from 1999 to 2008 with related covariate adjustments.SettingElderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1999–2000.SubjectsNationally representative free-living elderly people aged ≥65 years (n 1888).ResultsDuring a 10-year follow-up, 695 participants died. Those who cooked most frequently were younger, women, unmarried, less educated, non-drinkers of alcohol, non-smokers, without chewing difficulty, had spouse as dinner companion, normal cognition, who walked or shopped more than twice weekly, who ate less meat and more vegetables. Highly frequent cooking (>5 times/week, compared with never) predicted survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 0·47; 95 % CI, 0·36, 0·61); with adjustment for physical function, cognitive function, nutrition knowledge awareness and other covariates, HR was 0·59 (95 % CI, 0·41, 0·86). Women benefited more from cooking more frequently than did men, with decreased HR, 51 % v. 24 %, when most was compared with least. A 2-year delay in the assessment of survivorship led to similar findings.ConclusionsCooking behaviour favourably predicts survivorship. Highly frequent cooking may favour women more than men.

scholarly journals Prevalence of secondary care multimorbidity in mid-life and its association with premature mortality in a large longitudinal cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e033622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie C Johnston ◽  
Corrinda Black ◽  
Stewart W Mercer ◽  
Gordon J Prescott ◽  
Michael A Crilly
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
School Type ◽  
Important Challenge

ObjectivesMultimorbidity is the coexistence of two or more health conditions in an individual. Multimorbidity in younger adults is increasingly recognised as an important challenge. We assessed the prevalence of secondary care multimorbidity in mid-life and its association with premature mortality over 15 years of follow-up, in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort.MethodA prospective cohort study using linked electronic health and mortality records. Scottish ACONF participants were linked to their Scottish Morbidity Record hospital episode data and mortality records. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more conditions and was assessed using healthcare records in 2001 when the participants were aged between 45 and 51 years. The association between multimorbidity and mortality over 15 years of follow-up (to ages 60–66 years) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. There was also adjustment for key covariates: age, gender, social class at birth, intelligence at age 7, secondary school type, educational attainment, alcohol, smoking, body mass index and adult social class.ResultsOf 9625 participants (51% males), 3% had multimorbidity. The death rate per 1000 person-years was 28.4 (95% CI 23.2 to 34.8) in those with multimorbidity and 5.7 (95% CI 5.3 to 6.1) in those without. In relation to the reference group of those with no multimorbidity, those with multimorbidity had a mortality HR of 4.5 (95% CI 3.4 to 6.0) over 15 years and this association remained when fully adjusted for the covariates (HR 2.5 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.0)).ConclusionMultimorbidity prevalence was 3% in mid-life when measured using secondary care administrative data. Multimorbidity in mid-life was associated with premature mortality.

Abstract 433: Serum Chloride is an Independent and Robust Predictor of Mortality Than Serum Sodium, Potassium or Bicarbonate in Hypertensive Patients

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsay McCallum ◽  
Panniyammakkal Jeemon ◽  
Matthew Walters ◽  
Scott Muir ◽  
Anna F Dominiczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Design And Methods

Objectives: Extremes of serum Na + , K + and HCO 3 have been associated with poorer outcomes. The role of serum Cl - has been largely considered to be linked to serum Na + and HCO 3 levels. Design and Methods: We studied the association of serum and other serum electrolytes in relation to mortality outcomes in 13,415 hypertensive patients attending the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic (GBPC) with serum Cl - assessed at the registration visit. Cox proportional hazards (Cox-PH) models were used for survival analysis. To determine whether Cl - effects are independent of low serum sodium, we performed the analysis in subjects with Na + >135 and stratified by Na + and Cl - levels. Results: The total time at risk was 197,101 person years during which 3,373 all-cause deaths occurred. Compared to quintile 1 (Cl - <=100), each higher quintile of Cl - was associated with lower mortality (H.R.[95%C.I.]0.82[0.74-0.90];0.79[0.71-0.87];0.79[0.70-0.89];0.80[0.68-0.93]) after adjustment for all conventional risk factors, other serum electrolytes and diuretic use (Figure-1). In the subset with Na + >135, each unit increase in Cl - was associated with a 3% reduction in mortality(H.R =0.97 CI:0.96-0.98). Finally subjects with Na + >135&Cl - >100(reference) had the best survival and those with Na + <135 and Cl - <100 the poorest survival. The group with normal Na + >135 and Cl - <100 had significantly higher mortality than the reference group (1.21[1.11-1.31]). Conclusion: Serum Cl - independently predicts mortality outcomes in the hypertensive population irrespective of serum Na + , K + and HCO 3 levels.

scholarly journals Fitness vs. fatness as determinants of survival in non-institutionalized older adults: The EXERNET multi-center study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Navarrete-Villanueva ◽  
Alba Gómez-Cabello ◽  
Alejandro Gómez-Bruton ◽  
Eva Gesteiro ◽  
Irene Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat

Abstract Background Physical fitness and body composition are important health indicators, nevertheless their combined pattern inter-relationships and their association with mortality are poorly investigated. Methods This longitudinal study is part of the Spanish EXERNET-Elder project. Person-months follow-up were calculated from the interview date, performed between June 2008 and November 2009, until date of death or censoring on March 2018 (whichever came first). In order to be included, participants had to fulfill the following criteria: 1) be over 65 years old, 2) live independently at home, 3) not suffer dementia and/or cancer and 4) have a BMI above 18.5. Body fat and weight were assessed by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Fitness was measured with the Senior Fitness and the one leg static balance tests. The Spanish Death Index was consulted for the death’s identification. Cluster analysis was performed to identify Fat-Fit patterns and traditional cut points and percentiles to create the Fat-Fit groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios of death in clustered Fat-Fit patterns and in traditional Fat-Fit groups. Results A total of 2299 older adults (76.8% of women) were included with a baseline mean age of 71.9 ± 5.2 years. A total of 196 deaths (8.7% of the sample) were identified during the 8 years of follow up. Four clustered Fat-Fit patterns (Low fat-Fit, Medium fat-Fit, High fat-Unfit and Low fat-Unfit) and nine traditional Fat-Fit groups emerged. Using the Low fat-Fit pattern as the reference, significantly increased mortality was noted in High fat-Unfit (HR: 1.68, CI: 1.06 - 2.66) and Low fat-Unfit (HR: 2.01, CI: 1.28 - 3.16) groups. All the traditional Fit groups showed lower mortality risk when compared to the reference group (obese-unfit group). Conclusions Physical fitness is a determinant factor in terms of survival in community-dwelling older adults, independently of adiposity levels.

scholarly journals Higher fasting triglyceride predicts higher risks of diabetes mortality in US adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Diabetes Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Unit Increase

Abstract Background It is unknown whether higher triglyceride results in higher mortality from diabetes, i.e., diabetes mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association of fasting triglyceride with diabetes mortality. Methods This study included 26,582 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2014. Diabetes mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of triglyceride for diabetes mortality. Results Higher levels of fasting triglyceride were associated with higher levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance at baseline. A 1-natural-log-unit increase in triglyceride (e.g., from 70 to 190 mg/dL) was associated with a 115% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of diabetes diagnosis (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 2.00–2.33). During 319,758 person-years of follow-up with a mean follow-up of 12.0 years, 582 diabetes deaths were documented. Compared with people with triglyceride in the lowest quintile, people with triglyceride in the highest quintile had an 85% higher risk of diabetes mortality (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.25–2.73). A 1-natural-log-unit increase in triglyceride was associated with a 40% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of diabetes mortality. The positive association between triglyceride and diabetes mortality was also presented in sub-cohorts of participants with or without diabetes. Conclusions This study demonstrated that higher fasting triglyceride was associated with a higher diabetes mortality risk.

Abstract P295: Exercise Capacity and Rate of Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kokkinos ◽  
Apostolos Tsimploulis ◽  
Charles Faselis ◽  
Jonathan Myers ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Rate Of Progression

Introduction: Increased exercise capacity is associated with better health outcomes. It is not known if increased fitness can attenuate the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that increased exercise capacity is associated inversely with the rate of progression to CKD. Methods: A routine exercise stress was performed on 6,452 veterans (mean age: 58±12) with normal kidney function at VA Medical Centers in Washington DC. We used Cox proportional hazards model with spline function of MET to define the MET level associated with no increase in rate of progression to CKD (hazard ratio (HR)=1.0). We used this MET level to guide the formation of the following four fitness categories based on intervals of 2 METs achieved above and below this threshold: Least-Fit (<5.5 METs; n=1,392); Low-Fit (5.5-7.5 METs; n=2,270); Moderate-Fit (7.6-9.5 METs; n=2,192) and High-Fit (>9.5 METs; n=714). We then performed Cox proportional hazards analysis adjusted for age, BMI, cardiac risk factors, sleep apnea, alcohol dependence and medications. We used the Least-fit category as the reference group. Results: The MET threshold for the entire cohort was defined at 7.5 METs. During the follow-up period (median 8.8 years; 50,371 person-years of follow-up), 925 individuals developed CKD based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73m 2 . Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that exercise capacity was inversely associated with the rate of progression to CKD. More specifically, the rate of progression was lower by 25% (HR=0.75; CI: 0.64-0.87; p<0.001) for Low-Fit individuals, 40% (HR=0.60; CI: 0.48-0.73; p<0.001) for the Moderate-Fit and 68% (HR=0.42; CI: 0.28-0.64; p<0.001) for High-Fit individuals. Conclusions: Exercise capacity is inversely associated with the rate of progression to CKD.

scholarly journals Associations of Dietary Patterns with Incident Depression: The Maastricht Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Vincenza Gianfredi ◽  
Annemarie Koster ◽  
Anna Odone ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
Carlo Signorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Patient Health

Our aim was to assess the association between a priori defined dietary patterns and incident depressive symptoms. We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (n = 2646, mean (SD) age 59.9 (8.0) years, 49.5% women; 15,188 person-years of follow-up). Level of adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD), Mediterranean Diet, and Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) were derived from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and annually over seven-year-follow-up (using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. One standard deviation (SD) higher adherence in the DHD and DASH was associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) of depressive symptoms with HRs (95%CI) of 0.78 (0.69–0.89) and 0.87 (0.77–0.98), respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. After further adjustment for lifestyle factors, the HR per one SD higher DHD was 0.83 (0.73–0.96), whereas adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets was not associated with incident depressive symptoms. Higher adherence to the DHD lowered risk of incident depressive symptoms. Adherence to healthy diet could be an effective non-pharmacological preventive measure to reduce the incidence of depression.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events following percutaneous coronary intervention: a 10-year follow-up comparing random survival forest and Cox proportional-hazards model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Farhadian ◽  
Sahar Dehdar Karsidani ◽  
Azadeh Mozayanimonfared ◽  
Hossein Mahjub
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Stent Length

Abstract Background Due to the limited number of studies with long term follow-up of patients undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), we investigated the occurrence of Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE) during 10 years of follow-up after coronary angioplasty using Random Survival Forest (RSF) and Cox proportional hazards models. Methods The current retrospective cohort study was performed on 220 patients (69 women and 151 men) undergoing coronary angioplasty from March 2009 to March 2012 in Farchshian Medical Center in Hamadan city, Iran. Survival time (month) as the response variable was considered from the date of angioplasty to the main endpoint or the end of the follow-up period (September 2019). To identify the factors influencing the occurrence of MACCE, the performance of Cox and RSF models were investigated in terms of C index, Integrated Brier Score (IBS) and prediction error criteria. Results Ninety-six patients (43.7%) experienced MACCE by the end of the follow-up period, and the median survival time was estimated to be 98 months. Survival decreased from 99% during the first year to 39% at 10 years' follow-up. By applying the Cox model, the predictors were identified as follows: age (HR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05), diabetes (HR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.29–3.66), smoking (HR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.46–3.98), and stent length (HR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.11–2.75). The predictive performance was slightly better by the RSF model (IBS of 0.124 vs. 0.135, C index of 0.648 vs. 0.626 and out-of-bag error rate of 0.352 vs. 0.374 for RSF). In addition to age, diabetes, smoking, and stent length, RSF also included coronary artery disease (acute or chronic) and hyperlipidemia as the most important variables. Conclusion Machine-learning prediction models such as RSF showed better performance than the Cox proportional hazards model for the prediction of MACCE during long-term follow-up after PCI.

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