scholarly journals Dry EEG Measurement of P3 to Evaluate Cognitive Load During Sitting, Standing, and Walking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Swerdloff ◽  
Levi Hargrove
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of cognitive load on individuals with motor impairments is poorly understood. Cognitive load has been studied using subjective assessments, dual-task studies, physiological measures, and clinical metrics, which are specific to the motor task being performed and do not measure brain signals directly. Combining brain imaging with dual-task paradigms provides a quantitative, direct metric of cognitive load that is agnostic to the motor task. To better understand the impact of cognitive load during activities of daily living, we measured brain activity from a dry EEG headset as participants attended to an auditory stimulus paradigm during sitting, standing, and walking. The stimulus paradigm consisted of an auditory oddball task in which they had to report the number of oddball tones that were heard during each task. The P3 event-related potential, which is sensitive to cognitive load, was extracted from EEG signals in each condition. Results showed that P3 was significantly lower during walking compared to sitting (p = .039), indicating that cognitive load was higher during walking compared to the other activities. No significant differences in P3 were found between sitting and standing. Head motion did not have a significant impact on the measurement of cognitive load. These results encourage the use of a dry EEG system to further investigate cognitive load during dynamic activities in individuals with and without motor impairments.

scholarly journals Combining 3D-MOT with motor and perceptual decision-making tasks: conception of a life-sized virtual perceptual-cognitive training paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Romeas ◽  
Romain Chaumillon ◽  
David Labbé ◽  
Jocelyn Faubert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Training Conditions ◽  
Simultaneous Training ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe present study introduces a virtual life-sized perceptual-cognitive paradigm combining three dimensional multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) with motor (Experiment 1) or perceptual (Experiment 2) decision-making tasks. The objectives were to assess the impact of training on task performance and to determine the best training conditions for improvement and learning.Seventy-one participants were randomly trained under one of four training conditions (isolated 3D-MOT task, 3D-MOT simultaneously combined with a decision-making task, consolidated 3D-MOT and decision-making task, isolated decision-making task). Task performance was evaluated using speed thresholds, decision accuracy (%) and reaction time (s).Findings showed that the dual-task paradigm allowed satisfactory degrees of performance on both tasks despite an important dual-task cost. Interestingly, the results seemed to favor consolidated over simultaneous training for dual-task performance when 3D-MOT was combined with a motor task. The amount of attentional shared resources in regards to the nature of the additional task was discussed.

How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load: an EEG study

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosam Al-Samarraie ◽  
Atef Eldenfria ◽  
Fahed Zaqout ◽  
Melissa Lee Price
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Instructional Design Practices ◽  
The Brain

Purpose The impact of different screen-based typography styles on individuals’ cognitive processing of information has not been given much consideration in the literature, though such differences would imply different learning outcomes. This study aims to enrich the current understanding of the impact of reading in single- and multiple-column types on students’ cognitive processing. Design/methodology/approach An electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to record and analyze the brain signals of 27 students while reading from single- and multiple- column layouts. Findings The results showed a significant difference in students’ cognitive load when reading text from different types of columns. All students exerted less processing efforts when text was presented in two-column format, thus experiencing less cognitive load. Originality/value Using EEG, this study examined the neural consequences of reading in single- and multiple-column types on cognitive load during reading. The findings can be used to enrich the current instructional design practices on how different typographical formats facilitate learners’ cognitive performance.

scholarly journals A genetic variant brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism interacts with hostile parenting to predict error-related brain activity and thereby risk for internalizing disorders in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Meyer ◽  
Greg Hajcak ◽  
Elizabeth Hayden ◽  
Haroon I. Sheikh ◽  
Shiva M. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential occurring when individuals make mistakes, and is increased in children with internalizing psychopathology. We recently found that harsh parenting predicts a larger ERN in children, and recent work has suggested that variation in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene may moderate the impact of early life adversity. Parents and children completed measures of parenting when children were 3 years old (N = 201); 3 years later, the ERN was measured and diagnostic interviews as well as dimensional symptom measures were completed. We found that harsh parenting predicted an increased ERN only among children with a methionine allele of the BDNF genotype, and evidence of moderated mediation: the ERN mediated the relationship between parenting and internalizing diagnoses and dimensional symptoms only if children had a methionine allele. We tested this model with externalizing disorders, and found that harsh parenting predicted externalizing outcomes, but the ERN did not mediate this association. These findings suggest that harsh parenting predicts both externalizing and internalizing outcomes in children; however, this occurs through different pathways that uniquely implicate error-related brain activity in the development of internalizing disorders.

scholarly journals Additive Effects of Cognitive Load, Motor Demand, and Environmental Complexity on Attention: A Real-World EEG-study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Liebherr ◽  
Andrew W. Corcoran ◽  
Phillip M. Alday ◽  
Scott Coussens ◽  
Valeria Bellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Environmental Demand ◽  
The Impact

The capacity to regulate ones attention in accordance with fluctuating task demands and environmental contexts is an essential feature of adaptive behavior. Although the electrophysiological correlates of attentional processing have been extensively studied in the laboratory, relatively little is known about the way they unfold under more variable, ecologically-valid conditions. Accordingly, this study employed a real-world EEG design to investigate how attentional processing varies under increasing levels of cognitive, motor, and environmental demand. Forty-four participants were exposed to an auditory oddball task while (1) sitting in a quiet room inside the lab, (2) walking around a sports field, and (3) wayfinding across a university campus. In each condition, participants were instructed to either attend to (i.e., count) or ignore oddball stimuli. While behavioral performance was similar across the lab and field conditions, oddball count accuracy was significantly reduced in the campus condition. Moreover, event-related potential components (mismatch negativity and P3) elicited in both real-world settings differed significantly from those obtained under laboratory conditions. These findings demonstrate the impact of environmental factors on attentional processing during simultaneously-performed motor and cognitive tasks, highlighting the value of incorporating dynamic and unpredictable contexts within naturalistic designs.

scholarly journals EEG and behavioral correlates of attentional processing while walking and navigating naturalistic environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Liebherr ◽  
Andrew W. Corcoran ◽  
Phillip M. Alday ◽  
Scott Coussens ◽  
Valeria Bellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

AbstractThe capacity to regulate one’s attention in accordance with fluctuating task demands and environmental contexts is an essential feature of adaptive behavior. Although the electrophysiological correlates of attentional processing have been extensively studied in the laboratory, relatively little is known about the way they unfold under more variable, ecologically-valid conditions. Accordingly, this study employed a ‘real-world’ EEG design to investigate how attentional processing varies under increasing cognitive, motor, and environmental demands. Forty-four participants were exposed to an auditory oddball task while (1) sitting in a quiet room inside the lab, (2) walking around a sports field, and (3) wayfinding across a university campus. In each condition, participants were instructed to either count or ignore oddball stimuli. While behavioral performance was similar across the lab and field conditions, oddball count accuracy was significantly reduced in the campus condition. Moreover, event-related potential components (mismatch negativity and P3) elicited in both ‘real-world’ settings differed significantly from those obtained under laboratory conditions. These findings demonstrate the impact of environmental factors on attentional processing during simultaneously-performed motor and cognitive tasks, highlighting the value of incorporating dynamic and unpredictable contexts within naturalistic designs.

scholarly journals Increased visual and cognitive demands emphasize the importance of meeting visual needs at all distances while driving

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247254
Author(s):  
Amigale Patoine ◽  
Laura Mikula ◽  
Sergio Mejía-Romero ◽  
Jesse Michaels ◽  
Océane Keruzoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Driving Scenario ◽  
The Impact

Having an optimal quality of vision as well as adequate cognitive capacities is known to be essential for driving safety. However, the interaction between vision and cognitive mechanisms while driving remains unclear. We hypothesized that, in a context of high cognitive load, reduced visual acuity would have a negative impact on driving behavior, even when the acuity corresponds to the legal threshold for obtaining a driving license in Canada, and that the impact observed on driving performance would be greater with the increase in the threshold of degradation of visual acuity. In order to investigate this relationship, we examined driving behavior in a driving simulator under optimal and reduced vision conditions through two scenarios involving different levels of cognitive demand. These were: 1. a simple rural driving scenario with some pre-programmed events and 2. a highway driving scenario accompanied by a concurrent task involving the use of a navigation device. Two groups of visual quality degradation (lower/ higher) were evaluated according to their driving behavior. The results support the hypothesis: A dual task effect was indeed observed provoking less stable driving behavior, but in addition to this, by statistically controlling the impact of cognitive load, the effect of visual load emerged in this dual task context. These results support the idea that visual quality degradation impacts driving behavior when combined with a high mental workload driving environment while specifying that this impact is not present in the context of low cognitive load driving condition.

scholarly journals Economic threat heightens conflict detection: sLORETA evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 981-990
Author(s):  
Kyle Nash ◽  
Alex Tran ◽  
Josh Leota ◽  
Andy Scott
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Economic Forecast ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Economic threat has far-reaching emotional and social consequences, yet the impact of economic threat on neurocognitive processes has received little empirical scrutiny. Here, we examined the causal relationship between economic threat and conflict detection, a critical process in cognitive control associated with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Participants (N = 103) were first randomly assigned to read about a gloomy economic forecast (Economic Threat condition) or a stable economic forecast (No-Threat Control condition). Notably, these forecasts were based on real, publicly available economic predictions. Participants then completed a passive auditory oddball task composed of frequent standard tones and infrequent, aversive white-noise bursts, a task that elicits the N2, an event-related potential component linked to conflict detection. Results revealed that participants in the Economic Threat condition evidenced increased activation source localized to the ACC during the N2 to white-noise stimuli. Further, ACC activation to conflict mediated an effect of Economic Threat on increased justification for personal wealth. Economic threat thus has implications for basic neurocognitive function. Discussion centers on how effects on conflict detection could shed light on the broader emotional and social consequences of economic threat.

Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Zoe Kriegel ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Manual Task ◽  
Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

Cognitive Load beim Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Renkl ◽  
Hans Gruber ◽  
Sandra Weber ◽  
Thomas Lerche ◽  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task

Zusammenfassung: Die Effektivität des Lernens aus Lösungsbeispielen im Vergleich zum Lernen durch Problemlösen wird derzeit mit der Cognitive Load-Theorie erklärt: Beim Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen wird das Arbeitsgedächtnis weniger belastet, daher bleibt mehr Raum für Lern- und Verstehensprozesse. Um diese These direkt experimentell zu überprüfen, wurde das dual task-Paradigma eingesetzt. 80 Studierende der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften wurden auf die Zellen eines 2 × 2-faktoriellen Designs (Faktor 1: Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen vs. Lernen durch Problemlösen; Faktor 2: mit vs. ohne Zweitaufgabe) verteilt. Der Lernstoff war Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Der Lernerfolg wurde mit einem Nachtest erfasst. Das Befundmuster hinsichtlich des Lernerfolgs und der Reaktionszeiten auf eine Zweitaufgabe in den vier experimentellen Gruppen stimmte mit den aus der Cognitive-Load-Theorie abgeleiteten Hypothesen überein.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

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