scholarly journals Deciphering single- and multi-particle trapping dynamics under femtosecond pulsed excitation with simultaneous spatial and temporal resolution

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Devi ◽  
Sumit Yadav ◽  
Arijit De
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Optical Trapping ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Video Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Particle Trapping ◽  
Pulsed Excitation ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Confocal Detection

Abstract Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shed light on how optical trapping dynamics under femtosecond pulsed excitation are fine-tuned by optical and thermal nonlinearities. Here, we present experimental results of nonlinear optical trapping of single and multiple polystyrene beads (of 1 μm diameter). We show how integration and synchronization of bright-filed video microscopy with confocal detection of backscatter provide both spatial and temporal resolution required to capture intricate details of trapping dynamics. Such spatiotemporal detection is promising to have far-reaching applications in exploring controlled optical trapping and manipulations harnessed by optical and thermal nonlinearities.

scholarly journals UNCONVENTIONAL AND EXOTIC MAGNETISM IN CARBON-BASED STRUCTURES AND RELATED MATERIALS

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1330007 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. KUZEMSKY
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Complicated Problem ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Carbon Based

The detailed analysis of the problem of possible magnetic behavior of the carbon-based structures was fulfilled to elucidate and resolve (at least partially) some unclear issues. It was the purpose of the present paper to look more critically into some conjectures which have been made and to the peculiar and contradictory experimental results in this rather indistinct and disputable field. First the basic physics of magnetism was briefly addressed. Then a few basic questions were thoroughly analyzed and critically reconsidered to elucidate the possible relevant mechanism (if any) which may be responsible for observed peculiarities of the "magnetic" behavior in these systems. The arguments supporting the existence of the intrinsic magnetism in carbon-based materials, including pure graphene were analyzed critically. It was concluded that recently published works have shown that the results of the previous studies, where the "ferromagnetism" was detected in pure graphene, were incorrect. Rather, graphene is strongly diamagnetic, similar to graphite. Thus the possible traces of a quasi-magnetic behavior which some authors observed in their samples may be attributed rather to induced magnetism due to the impurities, defects, etc. On the basis of the present analysis the conclusion was made that the thorough and detailed experimental studies of these problems only may shed light on the very complicated problem of the magnetism of carbon-based materials. Lastly the peculiarities of the magnetic behavior of some related materials and the trends for future developments were mentioned.

scholarly journals Computational Molecular Modeling of Transport Processes in Nanoporous Membranes

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Hinkle ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Xuehong Gu ◽  
Cynthia Jameson ◽  
Sohail Murad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nanoporous Materials ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Zeolite Membrane ◽  
Nanoporous Membranes

In this report we have discussed the important role of molecular modeling, especially the use of the molecular dynamics method, in investigating transport processes in nanoporous materials such as membranes. With the availability of high performance computers, molecular modeling can now be used to study rather complex systems at a fraction of the cost or time requirements of experimental studies. Molecular modeling techniques have the advantage of being able to access spatial and temporal resolution which are difficult to reach in experimental studies. For example, sub-Angstrom level spatial resolution is very accessible as is sub-femtosecond temporal resolution. Due to these advantages, simulation can play two important roles: Firstly because of the increased spatial and temporal resolution, it can help understand phenomena not well understood. As an example, we discuss the study of reverse osmosis processes. Before simulations were used it was thought the separation of water from salt was purely a coulombic phenomenon. However, by applying molecular simulation techniques, it was clearly demonstrated that the solvation of ions made the separation in effect a steric separation and it was the flux which was strongly affected by the coulombic interactions between water and the membrane surface. Additionally, because of their relatively low cost and quick turnaround (by using multiple processor systems now increasingly available) simulations can be a useful screening tool to identify membranes for a potential application. To this end, we have described our studies in determining the most suitable zeolite membrane for redox flow battery applications. As computing facilities become more widely available and new computational methods are developed, we believe molecular modeling will become a key tool in the study of transport processes in nanoporous materials.

Structural Response and Remaining Life of Damaged Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Dalbir Singh ◽  
C. Ganesan ◽  
A. Rajaraman
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Design Effectiveness ◽  
Remaining Life Assessment

Composites are being used in variety of applications ranging from defense and aircraft structures, where usage is profuse, to vehicle structures and even for repair and rehabilitation. Most of these composites are made of different laminates glued together with matrix for binding and now-a-days fibers of different types are embedded in a composite matrix. The characterizations of material properties of composites are mostly experimental with analytical modeling used to simulate the system behavior. But many times, the composites develop damage or distress in the form of cracking while they are in service and this adds a different dimension as one has to evaluate the response with the damage so that its performance during its remaining life is satisfactory. This is the objective of the present study where a hybrid approach using experimental results on damaged specimens and then analytical finite element are used to evaluate response. This will considerably help in remaining life assessment-RLA- for composites with damage so that design effectiveness with damage could be assessed. This investigation has been carried out on a typical composite with carbon fiber reinforcements, manufactured by IPCL Baroda (India) with trade name INDCARF-30. Experimental studies were conducted on undamaged and damaged specimens to simulate normal continuous loading and discontinuous loading-and-unloading states in actual systems. Based on the experimental results, material characterization inputs are taken and analytical studies were carried out using ANSYS to assess the response under linear and nonlinear material behavior to find the stiffness decay. Using stiffness decay RLA was computed and curves are given to bring the influence of type of damage and load at which damage had occurred.

Experimental Studies on Cooling Effectiveness of the Double-Decker Air Jet Impingement With Film Outflow

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junkui Mao ◽  
Wen Guo ◽  
Zhenxiong Liu ◽  
Jun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Double Decker ◽  
Wide Range

Experiments were carried out to investigate the cooling effectiveness of a lamellar double-decker impingement/effusion structure. Infrared radiation (I.R.) thermal camera was used to measure the temperature on the outside surface of the lamellar double-decker. Experimental results were obtained for a wide range of governing parameters (blowing rate M (0.0017∼0.0066), the ratio of the jet impingement distance to the diameter of film hole H/D (0.5∼1.25), the ratio of the distance between the jet hole and film hole to the diameter of the film hole P/D (0, 3, 4), and the material of double-decker (Steel and Copper)). It was observed that the local cooling effectiveness η varies with all these parameters in a complicated way. All the results show that higher cooling effectiveness η is achieved in larger blowing rate cases. A certain range of H/D and P/D can be designed to result in the maximum cooling effectiveness η. And η is less sensitive to the material type compared with those parameters such as H/D, M and P/D.

scholarly journals Moral psychology of sex robots: An experimental study − how pathogen disgust is associated with interhuman sex but not interandroid sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Koverola ◽  
Marianna Drosinou ◽  
Jussi Palomäki ◽  
Juho Halonen ◽  
Anton Kunnari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Sex Robots ◽  
Monogamous Relationship ◽  
Attitudes Toward Sex ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe idea of sex with robots seems to fascinate the general public, raising both enthusiasm and revulsion. We ran two experimental studies (Ns = 172 and 260) where we compared people’s reactions to variants of stories about a person visiting a bordello. Our results show that paying for the services of a sex robot is condemned less harshly than paying for the services of a human sex worker, especially if the payer is married. We have for the first time experimentally confirmed that people are somewhat unsure about whether using a sex robot while in a committed monogamous relationship should be considered as infidelity. We also shed light on the psychological factors influencing attitudes toward sex robots, including disgust sensitivity and interest in science fiction. Our results indicate that sex with a robot is indeed genuinely considered as sex, and a sex robot is genuinely seen as a robot; thus, we show that standard research methods on sexuality and robotics are also applicable in research on sex robotics.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities of New p-N,N'-Diamethylaniline Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives

2000 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sahraoui ◽  
K.J. Pluciński ◽  
M. Makowaska-Janusik ◽  
I. V. Kityk ◽  
M. Salle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Four Wave Mixing ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Electronic Contribution ◽  
Optical Nonlinearities ◽  
Third Order

ABSTRACTA study was made of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of new tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives, using the degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) method, as well as complex quantum chemical calculations. To understand the physical nature of the optical nonlinearities, we separated their electronic and nuclear contributions. We found that the electronic contribution to these nonlinearities predominated. Our investigations suggest that TTF may be a highly promising material for nonlinear optics (NLO).

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

Application of Additives in 1,8-Cineole Purification

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Ke Guo Liu ◽  
Li Li Gu ◽  
Hui Guang Hu ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Batch Distillation ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Degree

The experimental studies for purification of 1,8-cineole by vacuum batch distillation as well as the application of additives in 1,8-cineole purification were carried out. There were two steps during the purification. In the first step, experimental results showed that the optimal operation conditions for purification of 1,8-cineole were the temperature of the reboiler at about 320.15 K under a certain vacuum degree. In the second step, the optimal operation temperature of the reboiler was 331.15 K. The optimal reflux ratio was generated finally. Vacuum degree was controlled between 1.1 kPa and 1.3 kPa.

scholarly journals A Friedel–Crafts alkylation mechanism using an aminoindanol-derived thiourea catalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 4503-4510 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roca-López ◽  
Eugenia Marqués-López ◽  
Ana Alcaine ◽  
Pedro Merino ◽  
Raquel P. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Computational Calculations ◽  
Shed Light

Computational calculations based on experimental results shed light on the mechanistic proposal for a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction between indole and nitroalkenes, catalysed by a chiral aminoindanol-derived thiourea.

Theoretical and experimental studies of the oil film in lubricated point contact

1966 ◽  
Vol 291 (1427) ◽  
pp. 520-536 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Previous Theory ◽  
Oil Film

A technique using Newton’s rings for mapping the oil film of lubricated point contacts is described. A theoretical value for the film thickness of such contacts in elastohydrodynamic lubrication is derived. The experimental results give the exit constriction predicted by previous theory but never shown in detail. The comparison of theoretical and experimental oil film thicknesses, which is satisfactorily accurate, gives strong evidence for a viscous surface layer some 1000Å thick. This film agrees with the known ‘lubricating power’ of the various oils tested.

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