The Potential Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles After Repeated Oral Exposure and Underlying Mechanisms in Kidney of Rat Model
Abstract Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can accumulate in various organs after orally exposure. This study evaluated the toxicity of AgNPs in vivo on histological changes, apoptosis and expression of growth factor genes in kidney. Methods: The male Wistar rats were treated orally with 30,125,300, and 700 mg/kg silver nanoparticles solution. After 28 days of exposure, histopatological changes were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin, trichrome Masson, and Pas staining. Apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, and level of expression of growth factors mRNAs were determined using RT-PCR. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed degenerative changes in the glomeruli, loss of tubular architecture, loss of brush border and interrupted tubular basal laminae. These changes were more noticeable in 30, and 125 mg/kg groups. The collagen intensity was increased in 30 treated groups in both cortex and medulla. Apoptosis was much more evident in middle dose groups (125 and 300 mg/kg). The results of RT-PCR indicated that Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs upregulated in treated groups (p<0.05) and data of the EGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 revealed that AgNPs induced more enormous changes in gene expression in 30 and 700 mg/kg groups compared to control. Conclusion: Our observations showed that the AgNPs played a critical role in their in vivo renal toxicity.