Silver nanoparticles: Their potential toxic effects after oral exposure and underlying mechanisms – A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Gaillet ◽  
Jean-Max Rouanet
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

scholarly journals Protective Role of Flavonoids against Intestinal Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6610
Author(s):  
Ana T. Rufino ◽  
Ana Ramalho ◽  
Adelaide Sousa ◽  
José Miguel P. Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Human Intestinal Cells

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been increasingly incorporated into food-related and hygiene products for their unique antimicrobial and preservative properties. The consequent oral exposure may then result in unpredicted harmful effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which should be considered in the risk assessment and risk management of these materials. In the present study, the toxic effects of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated AgNP (4 and 19 nm) were evaluated in GIT-relevant cells (Caco-2 cell line as a model of human intestinal cells, and neutrophils as a model of the intestinal inflammatory response). This study also evaluated the putative protective action of dietary flavonoids against such harmful effects. The obtained results showed that AgNP of 4 and 19 nm effectively induced Caco-2 cell death by apoptosis with concomitant production of nitric oxide, irrespective of the size. It was also observed that AgNP induced human neutrophil oxidative burst. Interestingly, some flavonoids, namely quercetin and quercetagetin, prevented the deleterious effects of AgNP in both cell types. Overall, the data of the present study provide a first insight into the promising protective role of flavonoids against the potentially toxic effects of AgNP at the intestinal level.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Chorion on Size-Dependent Acute Toxicity and Underlying Mechanisms of Amine-Modified Silver Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Yu Chen ◽  
Nian-Jhen Li ◽  
Fong-Yu Cheng ◽  
Jian-Feng Hsueh ◽  
Chiao-Ching Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Nanoscale Particle Size ◽  
Toxic Reactions

As the worldwide application of nanomaterials in commercial products increases every year, various nanoparticles from industry might present possible risks to aquatic systems and human health. Presently, there are many unknowns about the toxic effects of nanomaterials, especially because the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials affect functional and toxic reactions. In our research, we sought to identify the targets and mechanisms for the deleterious effects of two different sizes (~10 and ~50 nm) of amine-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a zebrafish embryo model. Fluorescently labeled AgNPs were taken up into embryos via the chorion. The larger-sized AgNPs (LAS) were distributed throughout developing zebrafish tissues to a greater extent than small-sized AgNPs (SAS), which led to an enlarged chorion pore size. Time-course survivorship revealed dose- and particle size-responsive effects, and consequently triggered abnormal phenotypes. LAS exposure led to lysosomal activity changes and higher number of apoptotic cells distributed among the developmental organs of the zebrafish embryo. Overall, AgNPs of ~50 nm in diameter exhibited different behavior from the ~10-nm-diameter AgNPs. The specific toxic effects caused by these differences in nanoscale particle size may result from the different mechanisms, which remain to be further investigated in a follow-up study.

scholarly journals The Potential Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles After Repeated Oral Exposure and Underlying Mechanisms in Kidney of Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nosrati ◽  
Manijeh Hamzepoor ◽  
Maryam Sohrabi ◽  
Massoud Saidijam ◽  
Mohammad Javad Assari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can accumulate in various organs after orally exposure. This study evaluated the toxicity of AgNPs in vivo on histological changes, apoptosis and expression of growth factor genes in kidney. Methods: The male Wistar rats were treated orally with 30,125,300, and 700 mg/kg silver nanoparticles solution. After 28 days of exposure, histopatological changes were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin, trichrome Masson, and Pas staining. Apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, and level of expression of growth factors mRNAs were determined using RT-PCR. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed degenerative changes in the glomeruli, loss of tubular architecture, loss of brush border and interrupted tubular basal laminae. These changes were more noticeable in 30, and 125 mg/kg groups. The collagen intensity was increased in 30 treated groups in both cortex and medulla. Apoptosis was much more evident in middle dose groups (125 and 300 mg/kg). The results of RT-PCR indicated that Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs upregulated in treated groups (p<0.05) and data of the EGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 revealed that AgNPs induced more enormous changes in gene expression in 30 and 700 mg/kg groups compared to control. Conclusion: Our observations showed that the AgNPs played a critical role in their in vivo renal toxicity.

scholarly journals Modulation of Innate Immune Toxicity by Silver Nanoparticle Exposure and the Preventive Effects of Pterostilbene

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2536
Author(s):  
Rong-Jane Chen ◽  
Chiao-Ching Huang ◽  
Rosita Pranata ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Yu-Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function ◽  
Immune Toxicity

Silver nanoparticles pose a potential risk to ecosystems and living organisms due to their widespread use in various fields and subsequent gradual release into the environment. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) toxicity on immunological functions. Furthermore, these toxic effects have not been fully explored. Recent studies have indicated that zebrafish are considered a good alternative model for testing toxicity and for evaluating immunological toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity effects of AgNPs on innate immunity using a zebrafish model and to investigate whether the natural compound pterostilbene (PTE) could provide protection against AgNPs-induced immunotoxicity. Wild type and neutrophil- and macrophage-transgenic zebrafish lines were used in the experiments. The results indicated that the exposure to AgNPs induced toxic effects including death, malformation and the innate immune toxicity of zebrafish. In addition, AgNPs affect the number and function of neutrophils and macrophages. The expression of immune-related cytokines and chemokines was also affected. Notably, the addition of PTE could activate immune cells and promote their accumulation in injured areas in zebrafish, thereby reducing the damage caused by AgNPs. In conclusion, AgNPs may induce innate immune toxicity and PTE could ameliorate this toxicity.

scholarly journals The potential renal toxicity of silver nanoparticles after repeated oral exposure and its underlying mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nosrati ◽  
Manijeh Hamzepoor ◽  
Maryam Sohrabi ◽  
Massoud Saidijam ◽  
Mohammad Javad Assari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Abstract Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can accumulate in various organs after oral exposure. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the renal toxicity induced by AgNPs after repeated oral exposure and to determine the relevant molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were treated with solutions containing 30, 125, 300, and 700 mg/kg of AgNPs. After 28 days of exposure, histopathological changes were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, and the level of expression of the mRNAs of growth factors was determined using RT-PCR. Results Histopathologic examination revealed degenerative changes in the glomeruli, loss of tubular architecture, loss of brush border, and interrupted tubular basal laminae. These changes were more noticeable in groups treated with 30 and 125 mg/kg. The collagen intensity increased in the group treated with 30 mg/kg in both the cortex and the medulla. Apoptosis was much more evident in middle-dose groups (i.e., 125 and 300 mg/kg). The results of RT-PCR indicated that Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs upregulated in the treated groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the data related to EGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 revealed that AgNPs induced significant changes in gene expression in the groups treated with 30 and 700 mg/kg compared to the control group. Conclusion Our observations showed that AgNPs played a critical role in in vivo renal toxicity.

Toxicological evaluation of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate in rats following 28 days of repeated oral exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangqiu Qin ◽  
Song Tang ◽  
Shibin Li ◽  
Haoliang Lu ◽  
Yanwu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation

Features of Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects of Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles Under Repeated Oral Exposure in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sergeevich Stepankov ◽  
Marina Aleksandrovna Zemlyanova ◽  
Nina Vladimirovna Zaitseva ◽  
Anna Mikhailovna Ignatova ◽  
Alena Evgenievna Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Background: Currently, the range of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles’ (CuO NPs) applications is expanding and the global production of CuO NPs is increasing. In this regard, the risk of exposure of the population to this nanomaterial increases. Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the patterns of bioaccumulation and toxic effects of CuO NPs after multiple oral exposures. Methods: The particle size was determined by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic laser light scattering. Specific surface area was measured by the method of Brunauer, Emmett, Teller. Total pore volume - by the method of Barrett, Joyner, Khalenda. Twenty-four hours after the final exposure, blood samples were taken for biochemical and hematological analysis, and internal organs were taken to determine their mass, copper concentration and histological analysis. The study was carried out in comparison with copper (II) oxide microparticles (CuO MPs). Results: In terms of size, surface area, and pore volume, the studied copper (II) oxide sample is a nanomaterial. The median lethal dose of CuO NPs was 13187.5 mg/kg of body weight. Bioaccumulation occurs in the stomach, blood, intestines, liver, lungs, kidneys and brain. Pathomorphological changes in the liver are manifested in the form of necrosis, degeneration, hepatitis; kidney - proliferation of mesangial cells, dystrophy; stomach - gastritis; small intestine - hyperplasia, enteritis; large intestine - colitis; lungs - hyperplasia, abscess, pneumonia, bronchitis, vasculitis. Clumps of brown pigment were detected in the kidneys, stomach and lungs. The mass of the stomach and intestines increased, the mass of the liver, kidneys and lungs decreased. Pathomorphological changes in organs are likely to cause an increase in the levels of activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, malondialdehyde concentration and a decrease in plasma antioxidant activity. The proportion of segmented neutrophils, the number of leukocytes are raised, the proportion of lymphocytes is reduced. Conclusion: The degree of bioaccumulation and toxicity of CuO NPs are more expressed in relation to CuO MPs.

Evaluation of the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid on the parotid glands of albino rats: An in vivo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-453
Author(s):  
Salma Awad Taghyan ◽  
Hend El Messiry ◽  
Medhat Ahmed El Zainy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Ductal Cells

This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the parotid glands (PGs) of albino rats histologically and ultrastructurally and assess the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. Thirty male albino rats weighing between 150 mg and 200 mg were divided into three groups: the control group (C1) contained 10 rats that received 2 mg/kg (body weight (bw)) of aqueous nitrate buffer by intraperitoneal (IP) injection daily for 28 days; the AgNPs group contained 10 rats that received 2 mg/kg (bw) IP AgNPs daily for 28 days; and the AgNPs-vitamin C group contained 10 albino rats that received 2 mg/kg (bw) AgNPs IP daily for 28 days with oral administration of 100 mg/kg (bw) vitamin C in drinking water daily for 28 days. The PG acinar and ductal cells of the AgNPs group showed signs of toxicity and degeneration characterized as pleomorphic nuclei, binucleation, cytoplasmic vacuolations, and stagnated secretion in the ductal lumen. In addition to degenerated mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes were filled with AgNPs ( p < 0.001). The AgNPs-vitamin C group showed significantly less degenerative changes histologically and ultrastructurally compared to the AgNPs group ( p = 0.002). AgNPs produced significant toxic effects on the PG of albino rats, presumably through the generation of reactive oxygen species and toxic ion release, and administration of vitamin C was shown effective in decreasing these toxic effects.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Different Types of Silver Nanoparticles to the Aquatic CrustaceanDaphnia magna

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (21) ◽  
pp. 12868-12878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hou ◽  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Shiguo Li ◽  
Xiangke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Different Types
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