scholarly journals Viromics Unveils Extraordinary Genetic Diversity of the Family Closteroviridae in Wild Citrus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyan Liu ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Shiqiang Mei ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Changyong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
Modular Evolution ◽  
The Family ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Our knowledge of citrus viruses is largely skewed toward virus pathology in cultivated orchards; comparatively little is known about the virus diversity and ecology in natural ecosystems. The metatranscriptomics approach were used to analyze wild citrus from the Ailao Mountain region in China, a region embracing huge biodiversity in an area where citrus species originated. We investigated the evolutionary history of citrus viruses to identify the factors facilitating outbreaks of emerging viruses. Results An independent wild citrus habitat were identified where citrus tristeza virus (CTV) exists along with three novel monopartite, graft-transmissible members of the family Closteroviridae differing from the managed agricultural systems that harbor other diverse citrus viruses. The viruses analyzed in 16 sequencing libraries of 32 citrus samples comprised five CTV genotypes, two inferred new ampelovirus species, and a monopartite ancestor type of the multipartite crinivirus that may represent a new taxon. Acquisition of heat shock protein genes (all viruses) and coat protein duplication (most), exchange of other exogenous genes (some), and alteration of expression strategy (rare) may reflect the significant historical nodes through which a Closteroviridae ancestor as the relic species has flourished. During viral expansion, genetic mutation coupled with recombination may be the essential impetus to update best-adapted sequences, as in the cases of our CTV and one of the ampeloviruses. Conclusions This research represents the first time of virus diversity in wild citrus. The findings deepen our knowledge of Closteroviridae modular evolution and diversification. Given the potential emergence of similar novel viruses as pathogens, the need for surveillance of their pathogenic and epidemiological characteristics and the presence of other novel citrus viruses among wild citrus is of utmost priority for global citrus production.

scholarly journals Viromics unveils extraordinary genetic diversity of the family Closteroviridae in wild citrus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. e1009751
Author(s):  
Qiyan Liu ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Shiqiang Mei ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
Genome Complexity ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

Our knowledge of citrus viruses is largely skewed toward virus pathology in cultivated orchards. Little is known about the virus diversity in wild citrus species. Here, we used a metatranscriptomics approach to characterize the virus diversity in a wild citrus habitat within the proposed center of the origin of citrus plants. We discovered a total of 44 virus isolates that could be classified into species Citrus tristeza virus and putative species citrus associated ampelovirus 1, citrus associated ampelovirus 2, and citrus virus B within the family Closteroviridae, providing important information to explore the factors facilitating outbreaks of citrus viruses and the evolutionary history of the family Closteroviridae. We found that frequent horizontal gene transfer, gene duplication, and alteration of expression strategy have shaped the genome complexity and diversification of the family Closteroviridae. Recombination frequently occurred among distinct Closteroviridae members, thereby facilitating the evolution of Closteroviridae. Given the potential emergence of similar wild-citrus-originated novel viruses as pathogens, the need for surveillance of their pathogenic and epidemiological characteristics is of utmost priority for global citrus production.

An oncogenetics consultation dedicated to children suffering from cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20006-e20006
Author(s):  
Véronique Mari ◽  
Marie Amelie Met Domestici ◽  
Christine Soler ◽  
Anne Deville ◽  
Nicolas Sirvent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Paediatric Oncology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Familial Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Oncology Service ◽  
The Family ◽  
Strong Bound ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pediatric Consultation

e20006 Background: When a child suffers from a cancer, parents worry about a probable hereditary cause. If a cancer occurs in the context of a genetic mutation, this can worsen the situation and make it more complicated. On the other hand, when the hereditary cause is rejected, the reinsurance for the family is clear. Methods: A partnership has been set between the Oncogenetics department in Centre Antoine Lacassagne Hospital in Nice and the Archet hospital in Nice (CHU) who takes in charge the children suffering from a cancer. Fifty little patients are seen every year in the paediatric oncology service at the Archet hospital (CHU). A consultation in oncogenetics is suggested to each family and insistently when a known syndrome is suspected. This consultation is also about to provide an other kind of care, in an other hospital, focused on the family with the aim to free of guilt the parents. Psychological care for families is in backdrop as they can express freely their questioning. Results: Twenty one families have been seen and fifteen different types of cancers recorded: mostly haematological cancers and neurological cancers. For each family, a pedigree was drawn. Data concerning the child’s disease and familial data were gathered. Most of the time, these information led to reassure the families. Therefore two Li and Fraumeni syndrome have been evoked. The first child suffered from a plexus choroid carcinoma and the second one had two distinct cancers: a nephroblastoma and a medulloblastoma. On the other hand, 2 children had had a LAL within a family with history of malignant haemopaties. Interestingly, 3 children with isolated LAL in the family where suggested to contribute to a research trial. Conclusions: This oncogenetic pediatric consultation allows to detect known hereditary predisposition syndromes and to contribute to researches in paediatric oncology. Above all, this strong bound between the oncogentics department and the pediatric oncology service permitted to reach an objective: offering families a specialised consultation with psychological support with a gap from disease.

scholarly journals The promiscuous evolutionary history of the family Bromoviridae

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1739-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Codoñer ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Genomic Rnas ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

Recombination and segment reassortment are important contributors to the standing genetic variation of RNA viruses and are often involved in the genesis of new, emerging viruses. This study explored the role played by these two processes in the evolutionary radiation of the plant virus family Bromoviridae. The evolutionary history of this family has been explored previously using standard molecular phylogenetic methods, but incongruences have been found among the trees inferred from different gene sequences. This would not be surprising if RNA exchange was a common event, as it is well known that recombination and reassortment of genomes are poorly described by standard phylogenetic methods. In an attempt to reconcile these discrepancies, this study first explored the extent of segment reassortment and found that it was common at the origin of the bromoviruses and cucumoviruses and at least at the origin of alfalfa mosaic virus, American plum line pattern virus and citrus leaf rugose virus. Secondly, recombination analyses were performed on each of the three genomic RNAs and it was found that recombination was very common in members of the genera Bromovirus, Cucumovirus and Ilarvirus. Several cases of recombination involving species from different genera were also identified. Finally, a phylogenetic network was constructed reflecting these genetic exchanges. The network confirmed the taxonomic status of the different genera within the family, despite the phylogenetic noise introduced by genetic exchange.

The Prevalence of Hereditary Antithrombin-III Deficiency in Patients with a History of Venous Thromboembolism

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 744-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vikydal ◽  
C Korninger ◽  
P A Kyrle ◽  
H Niessner ◽  
I Pabinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity ◽  
Slight Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin-III activity was determined in 752 patients with a history of venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. 54 patients (7.18%) had an antithrombin-III activity below the normal range. Among these were 13 patients (1.73%) with proven hereditary deficiency. 14 patients were judged to have probable hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency, because they had a positive family history, but antithrombin-III deficiency could not be verified in other members of the family. In the 27 remaining patients (most of them with only slight deficiency) hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency was unlikely. The prevalence of hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency was higher in patients with recurrent venous thrombosis.

Can a Narcissist Ever Marry?: James Fisher and The Uninvited Guest

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Kahr
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Material ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
False Self ◽  
Winter's Tale ◽  
Pathological Narcissism ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marital Partners

Few books in the burgeoning field of couple psychoanalysis have garnered as much admiration as James Fisher's The Uninvited Guest: Emerging from Narcissism towards Marriage. In this memorial essay, the author pays tribute to the late Dr Fisher and to his perennial book which explores the ways in which pathological narcissism, among other factors, inhibit the development of spousal intimacy, often destroying partnerships entirely. The author describes the creative way in which Fisher drew upon great works of literature, most notably William Shakespeare's A Winter's Tale, and T. S. Eliot's The Cocktail Party, as well as long-forgotten clinical material from Fisher's predecessors at the Family Discussion Bureau (forerunner of the Tavistock Centre for Couple Relationships), in order to understand the ways in which marital partners struggle with false self couplings. The author assesses the importance of Fisher's contribution in the context of the history of couple psychoanalysis.

Faktor-Faktor Determinan yang melatar belakangi Kehamilan Remaja di Desa Pandansari Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Setyaningsih ◽  
Emy Sutiyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Kehamilan remaja adalah kehamilan yang terjadi pada remaja berusia kurang dari 20 tahunan. Kehamilan remaja memberikan banyak kerugian bagi kesehatan, mental dan psikologis, kesejahteraan ekonomi dan peluang karier, kemiskinan dan prospek kehidupan masa depan remaja. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi faktor determinan yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kehamilan remaja. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik kategorik jenis survei kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Populasi semua perempuan yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah dusun Wonosari, Sukosari, dan Krajan Pandansari dan pernah/sedang hamil pertama kali pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling besar sampel 73. Berdasarkan hasil model akhir analisis multivariat, diketahui bahwa variabel pendidikan, riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga dan usia menikah merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kehamilan remaja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel akses informasi, responden berpendidikan rendah memiliki peluang 20,8 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang memiliki riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga memiliki peluang 14,9 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang menikah pada usia <20 tahun memiliki peluang 12,1 kali lebih tinggi, responden dengan pemahaman yang kurang baik terkait penggunaan kondom memiliki peluang 5,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi kehamilan remaja. Oleh karena itu perlu dibangun karakter buiding, sosial karakter suport untuk para ibu remaja dan keluarga sehingga terbangun interaksi yang baik dalam keluarga yang dilandasi dengan pendidikan dan pemahaman yang baik tentang Pendidikan seksualitas. Teen pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in adolescents aged less than 20 years old. Teen pregnancy provides many disadvantages for health, mental, psychological, economic well-being, career opportunities, poverty, and the future life. The aim of the study was to identify the determinants underlying teen pregnancy incidence. This study was a quantitative study with categorical analytic method. The study design used a case control with two comparison groups. The groups were control group and case group. The population in this study was all women who lived in the Wonosari, Sukosari, and Krajan Pandansari district and had or were pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old. Seventy three respondents were recruited using cluster sampling technique. The case group consists of women who were or had pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old and their children are currently aged ≤ 1 years old. The control group consists of women who were pregnant for the first time at the age of > 20 years old. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The findings showed that education, history of teen pregnancy in family and the age of marriage were related to the incidence of teen pregnancy after being controlled by information access. Low-educated respondents had 20.8 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with a history of teen pregnancy in the family had 4.9 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents who were married at the age of < 20 years old had 12.1 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with poor understanding of condom use had 5.9 times higher chance of teenage pregnancy. In conclusion, the findings suggest to build good interactions in the family based on education and a good understanding of sex education.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Genus Bombax

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-196
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Rathore ◽  
Geetanjali ◽  
Ram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

Background: The history of traditional systems of medicine goes parallel with the history of human beings. Even today people have faith in traditional systems of medicine based on medicinal plants to meet primary health care needs. Hence, the scientific evaluation and documentation of extracts and active ingredients of medicinal plants always play a supportive role in their medicinal applications. Objective: This review aims to present the phytochemicals isolated from the genus Bombax and their pharmacological applications. Methods: The literature from research and review papers was analyzed and the information was compiled to present the pharmacological applications of various secondary metabolites from genus Bombax. Results: The genus Bombax belongs to the family Malvaceae and known for its therapeutic applications. The crude, semi-purified and purified extracts of different parts of this plant have shown potential therapeutic applications. A total of 96 articles including research and review papers were referred for the compilation of isolated phytochemicals and their chemical structures. Conclusion: We systematically summarized 176 isolated compounds from the genus Bombax. The findings show that this plant shows potential towards pharmacological activities. The activities were found more from extracts than the single isolated compounds.

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