scholarly journals Thixotropy of A Transparent Clay Manufactured by Carbopol Simulate Marine Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen SUN ◽  
Gangqiang KONG ◽  
Yang ZHOU ◽  
Yang SHEN ◽  
Hanyu XIAO
Keyword(s):  
Development Trend ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Relative Transparency ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Similar Development ◽  
Marine Soil

Abstract A transparent clay manufactured by Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 (simplified as U10) was introduced, and its manufacture processes were briefly described. Both relative transparency (RT) and modulation transfer function (MTF) methods were used to quantify the optical character variation via soil thickness. The transparency of this new transparent clay was comparative analyzed with traditional four previous transparent materials. The results show that this new transparent clay has relative higher optical transparency than majority of previous materials. The thixotropic properties of this synthetic transparent clay were measured in detail through laboratory vane test. Exponential function was used to describe the thixotropy and sensitivity of clay. The good fitting results shown similar development trend of thixotropy for synthetic transparent clay and natural one. Furthermore, sensitivity of transparent clay belongs to low to medium sensitivity, which can simulate marine soil. With the test results, Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 shows a great potential as a substitute for natural clay and is expected to be widely used in model tests.

scholarly journals Thixotropy of a Transparent Clay Manufactured Using Carbopol to Simulate Marine Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Sun ◽  
Gangqiang Kong ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Hanyu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Development Trend ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Relative Transparency ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Natural Clays ◽  
Similar Development ◽  
Marine Soil

A transparent clay manufactured using Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 (simplified as U10) was introduced, and its manufacturing processes were briefly described. Both relative transparency (RT) and modulation transfer function (MTF) methods were used to quantify the optical character variation via soil thickness. The transparency of this new transparent clay was analyzed and compared with four traditional transparent materials. The thixotropic properties of this synthetic transparent clay were measured in detail through the laboratory vane test. An exponential function was used to describe the thixotropy and sensitivity of the clay. The results showed that the new transparent clay has a relatively higher optical transparency than the majority of previous materials. Good-fitting results showed a similar development trend in thixotropy for the synthetic transparent clay and the natural ones. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the transparent clay was low to medium, which can simulate marine soil. With higher optical transparency than and similar thixotropy and sensitivity as natural clays, Carbopol® UltrezTM 10 shows great potential as a substitute for natural clay and is expected to be widely used in model tests.

scholarly journals Some Geotechnical Properties of Clay Nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Nese Kurt ◽  
Suat Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Acrylic Copolymer ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Locust Bean

Clay soils have various areas of use in geotechnical engineering.The common use of clayey soils are for landfills, dams,nuclear plants, etc. However, when the clay soils interactwith water, the geotechnical properties such as the swelling,the shear strength, and the compressibility properties ofclay change gradually. Therefore, in this research, using ahydrophobic organo-clay, polymers (locust bean gum, latex,glycerine, and vinyl acrylic copolymer), and rubber powder,clay-nanocomposites were developed to solve the problemsdue to the clay-water interaction encountered in the clay liners.This study focuses on the geotechnical properties of theclay-nanocomposites researched experimentally in laboratoryconditions. The test results found that, the specific gravities,consistency limits, compaction parameters, and unconfinedcompressive strengths of clay-nanocomposites change significantly,when compared to those of natural clay and hydrophobicorgano-clay.

Effect of weathering on the compressibility and shear strength of a natural clay

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gullà ◽  
Maria Clorinda Mandaglio ◽  
Nicola Moraci
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Direct Shear Test ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Overconsolidated Clays ◽  
Weathering Process

In situ, seasonal changes expose soils to frequent wetting–drying–freezing–thawing cycles. Such processes can favour and trigger shallow instabilities controlled by the weathering process. This paper presents an experimental study carried out to investigate the effects of the weathering process, caused by the wetting–drying–freezing–thawing cycles, on the compressibility and shear strength of a natural clay. Several specimens were trimmed from block samples of overconsolidated clays taken from a slope in south Calabria, Italy. Specimens were subjected to wetting–drying–freezing–thawing cycles of different durations and then tested with standard equipment (oedometer and direct shear). Test results show that the wetting–drying–freezing–thawing cycles caused a change in the initial microstructure that produced a decrease in the compression index and an increase in the swelling index. Moreover, the direct shear test results show a decrease in the peak shear strength and demonstrate that a larger reduction occurs in the first month of weathering cycles. The intense cycles performed in the laboratory produced a decay of compressibility and a shear strength approaching reconstituted values. The conclusions are important when choosing the shear strength parameters required when studying shallow landsliding in clay slopes.Key words: weathered clay, structure, cycle of degradation, shallow instability.

Protection System of Cooperative Network Based on Artificial Immune Theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 108-111 ◽  
pp. 1360-1365
Author(s):  
Song Xu ◽  
Ping He
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cooperative Network ◽  
Artificial Immune ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Security Monitoring ◽  
Artificial Immunity ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
The Development Trend

The paper proposes a network security monitoring protection model with synergetic mechanism based on the basic principle of human immune system and the state quo of network hacking inspection research and the analysis and appraisal on the original artificial immune model. This model proposes human-computer interaction disaster warning system based on computer dangerous operation and the advantage of agent technology and proposes free-state anti-virus technology based on the human body apoptotic cells. The test results show that the methods proposed in this thesis remedy the illegal program escaped from monitoring security scanning and the system security hidden danger caused manually and at last proposes the development trend of the future artificial immunity in computer protection field.

scholarly journals Variation in Micro-Pores During Dynamic Consolidation and Compression of Soft Marine Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Chen-Xiang Dai ◽  
Qiong-Fang Zhang ◽  
Shao-Heng He ◽  
An Zhang ◽  
Hua-Feng Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dynamic Consolidation ◽  
Confining Pressures ◽  
Stress Ratios ◽  
Marine Soil

In this study, to explore the microstructure deformation mechanism of marine soft marine soil under cyclic loading, we analyzed the dynamic properties of soft marine soil under cyclic loading via dynamic consolidation compression testing. Then, using Image-Pro Plus (IPP) 6.0 image analysis software, and according to the dynamic consolidation compression test results and the images from a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we determined the weakening effect of soft soils under different consolidation confining pressures, different cyclic stress ratios, and different over-consolidation ratios. After dynamic consolidation and compression, the pore structure of undisturbed soft marine soil tends to compact, the degree of soil particle fragmentation intensifies, small pores increase, large pores decrease, the pores become more regular, and the distribution of pores is directional. Subsequently, for undisturbed soft marine soil, the higher the consolidated confining pressure, cyclic dynamic stress ratio, and over-consolidation ratio, the greater the damage to the pore structure, and the more obvious the structural weakening effect exhibited under cyclic loading.

Modifikasi Lempung Menjadi Adsorben dan Pemanfaatannya sebagai Penyerap Limbah Deterjen

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Suarya ◽  
I Wayan Suirta
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Intercalation Process

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Selektifitas lempung alam sebagai adsorben dapat diperbaiki melalui proses modifikasi lempung dengan proses aktivasi dan interkalasi. Modifikasi lempung akan diawali dengan proses aktivasi lempung menggunakan asam sulfat, yang bertujuan untuk membersihkan permukaan dan menghomogenkan kation antarlapis dari lempung. Selanjutnya proses interkalasi surfaktan akan menjadi lebih mudah terjadi apabila kation antar lapis telah homogen. Hasil karakterisasi terhadap lempung menunjukkan bahwa lempung yang telah dimodifikasi memiliki karakter yang lebih baik dilihat dari peningkatan luas permukaan spesifik dan keasaman permukaannya. Hasil peneltiannya menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah situs aktif dari lempung alam (A0) sebesar 3,9823 x 1020 atom/gram menjadi 10,947 x 1020 atom/gram pada lempung teraktivasi asam sulfat 2 M (AA) dan pada lempung teraktivasi asam sulfat 2 M dan terinterkalasi BKC 3% (AAB) sebesar 11,320 x 1020 atom/gram. Hasil uji kemampuan adsorpsinya terhadap limbah deterjen menunjukkan bahwa pada kajian variasi waktu adsorpsi, adsorben A0 mempunyai waktu kontak optimum 15 menit sedangkan AA dan AAB sampai dengan waktu 60 menit masih menunjukkan peningkatan daya adsorpsi terhadap limbah deterjen.<br />Kata kunci : Modifikasi, Lempung, Montmorillonit, adsorpsi, limbah deterjen.<br />ABSTRACT<br />Selectivity of natural clay as an adsorbent can be improved through modification of clay with activation and intercalation process. Modification of clay will be preceded by the activation process using sulfuric acid, which aims to clean the surface and homogenizes the interlayer cations of clay. Selejuynya surfactant intercalation process will become easier to occur when cations between layers have been homogeneous. The results showed that the characterization of clay that has been modified to have better characters seen from the increase in specific surface area and the acidity of the surface. The Results showed that an increase in the number of active sites of natural clay (A0) of 3.9823 x 1020 atoms / gram to 10.947 x 1020 atoms / gram on activated clays 2 M sulfuric acid (AA) and the activated clay sulfuric acid 2 M and intercalated BKC 3% (AAB) amounted to 11.320 x 1020 atoms / gram. The test results on the adsorption ability of detergent waste shows that the study of time variation of adsorption, the adsorbent A0 have optimum contact time of 15 minutes while the AA and AAB up with 60 minutes still showed an increase in the adsorption capacity of the waste detergent.<br />Key words : Modification, clay, montmorillonite, adsorption, waste detergent</p>

Study on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Sand-Bentonite mixtures used as Liner System of Waste Landfill

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Fa Xu ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Waste Landfill ◽  
Liner System ◽  
Flexible Wall ◽  
Soil Liner

A liner system such as liner sheet underlying impermeable soil layer having hydraulic conductivity less than 1*10-7 cm/s and a thickness larger than 100 cm is often used in china. As there is very little natural clay having such low permeability, bentonite is usually mixed into sand to decrease the permeability. In this paper, the compaction tests and permeability testing using flexible-wall permeameter are conducted. The test results show that the value of critical benonite ratio depends on bentonite ratio, and the hydraulic conductivity of the sand mixed with critical bentonite ratio for distilled water shows of the order of 1*10-8 cm/s that satisfies the china standard requested as compacted soil liner of waste landfill. Finally, the permeability testing used leachate including calcium component was conducted.

Control System of Sensorless BLDCM Based on F28335

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 843-847
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Kai Ping Feng ◽  
Yun Fei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Brushless Dc Motor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
Sensor Control ◽  
Working Principle

Brushless DC motor Sensorless control is the future development trend, Based on TI Companys DSP chip TMS320F28335 type of brushless dc motor without position sensor control system designed in this paper, Its basic structure and working principle are introduced. The position detector of the brushless DC motor use back EMF zero-crossing detection method. The test results show that the system has good dynamic and static characteristics, the reliability of the motor running.

Experimental Study of Mechanical Property of a New Lightweight Composite Floor

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 555-558
Author(s):  
Bing Shao ◽  
Zheng Jue Huang ◽  
Xin Tang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Similar Development

For analysis of bearing mechanism of the composite floor formed with thin-walled steel and lightweight aggregate concrete, the static load test of a composite floor was put forward. The specimen is simply supported at the two shorter sides of the floor and the other two sides free. The uniform loads and partial loads are applied to the floor through load blocks. The vertical displacements of the floor, the relative slips of concrete panels and steel beam and strains of specimens were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the new lightweight composite floor has better bearing capacity and there was not cracks in lightweight aggregate concrete panels while the applied loads are much larger than the normal loads. It is concluded that variation of strains of secondary beams and concrete panels has similar development trend as the equivalent uniform load is close the value of 6 kN/m2.

Determination of the Best Emulsion for the Microscopy of Crystals

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
David A. Grano ◽  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Noise Ratio

The retrieval of high-resolution information from images of biological crystals depends, in part, on the use of the correct photographic emulsion. We have been investigating the information transfer properties of twelve emulsions with a view toward 1) characterizing the emulsions by a few, measurable quantities, and 2) identifying the “best” emulsion of those we have studied for use in any given experimental situation. Because our interests lie in the examination of crystalline specimens, we've chosen to evaluate an emulsion's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of spatial frequency and use this as our critereon for determining the best emulsion.The signal-to-noise ratio in frequency space depends on several factors. First, the signal depends on the speed of the emulsion and its modulation transfer function (MTF). By procedures outlined in, MTF's have been found for all the emulsions tested and can be fit by an analytic expression 1/(1+(S/S0)2). Figure 1 shows the experimental data and fitted curve for an emulsion with a better than average MTF. A single parameter, the spatial frequency at which the transfer falls to 50% (S0), characterizes this curve.

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