scholarly journals Sex-bias in COVID-19: a meta-analysis and review of sex differences in disease and immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Peckham ◽  
Nina de Gruijter ◽  
Charles Raine ◽  
Anna Radziszewska ◽  
Coziana Ciurtin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Innate Antiviral Response

Abstract A striking anecdotal feature of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is the difference in morbidity and mortality between the sexes. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 206, 128 reported cases to demonstrate that whilst there is no difference in the proportion of males and females with confirmed COVID-19, male patients have more than double the odds of requiring intensive treatment unit admission (OR 2.5) and higher odds of death (OR 1.60) when compared to females. We review data revealing how previous Coronavirus outbreaks have demonstrated a similar pattern. Important differences in the immune response to infection exist between sexes, which are likely to contribute to this observation. In this review, we discuss these differences highlighting that females have a more robust innate antiviral response and a better adaptive immune response to infection. An appreciation of how sex is influencing COVID-19 outcomes will have important implications for clinical management and mitigation strategies for this disease.

scholarly journals Sex-bias in COVID-19: a meta-analysis and review of sex differences in disease and immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Peckham ◽  
Nina de Gruijter ◽  
Charles Raine ◽  
Anna Radziszewska ◽  
Coziana Ciurtin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Innate Antiviral Response

Abstract A striking anecdotal feature of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is the difference in morbidity and mortality between the sexes. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 206, 128 reported cases to demonstrate that whilst there is no difference in the proportion of males and females with confirmed COVID-19, male patients have more than double the odds of requiring intensive treatment unit admission (OR 2.5) and higher odds of death (OR 1.60) when compared to females. We review data revealing how previous Coronavirus outbreaks have demonstrated a similar pattern. Important differences in the immune response to infection exist between sexes, which are likely to contribute to this observation. In this review, we discuss these differences highlighting that females have a more robust innate antiviral response and a better adaptive immune response to infection. An appreciation of how sex is influencing COVID-19 outcomes will have important implications for clinical management and mitigation strategies for this disease.

scholarly journals Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Peckham ◽  
Nina M. de Gruijter ◽  
Charles Raine ◽  
Anna Radziszewska ◽  
Coziana Ciurtin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractAnecdotal evidence suggests that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, exhibits differences in morbidity and mortality between sexes. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 3,111,714 reported global cases to demonstrate that, whilst there is no difference in the proportion of males and females with confirmed COVID-19, male patients have almost three times the odds of requiring intensive treatment unit (ITU) admission (OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 2.06, 3.92) and higher odds of death (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.31, 1.47) compared to females. With few exceptions, the sex bias observed in COVID-19 is a worldwide phenomenon. An appreciation of how sex is influencing COVID-19 outcomes will have important implications for clinical management and mitigation strategies for this disease.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE ROLE OF IL-2 AND IL-6 IN PATIENTS WITH BURNS USING ELISA TECHNIQUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Male Patients

Introduction: Burns are common medical infections that examined in hospitals. Cytokines are produced by innate immune response; cytokines determine the type of adaptive immune response. This study aims to screen and evaluate the role of IL-2 and IL-6 levels in the serum of patients who have suffered from burns by ELISA technique. Methods: Seventy serum samples were collected from burned patients in Baghdad city hospitals and tested by ELISA technique to detect IL-2 and IL-6 levels. Results: Shows great differences in IL-2 level of male patients (30.16 pg/ml) compared to males control group by an average of (29.66 pg/ml). While IL-6 shows significant differences in female patients with range (63.39 pg/ml) and male (66.47 pg/ml) compared to females control group (2.48 pg/ml) and males (22.80 pg/ml). Moreover cytokines shows significant differences between the three age groups of burned patients in comparison with the control group. In conclusion the result of present study showed significant difference in level of some cytokines IL-2,IL-6 for patients with burns. Conclusion: the result of present study showed significant difference in level of some cytokines IL-2, IL-6 for patients with burns.

Double positive CD4+CD8+ T cells are part of the adaptive immune response against Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Misme-Aucouturier ◽  
Adel Touahri ◽  
Marjorie Albassier ◽  
Francine Jotereau ◽  
Patrice Le Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Human T cell Epitopes: adaptive immune response against COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Grifoni ◽  
John Sidney ◽  
Randi Vita ◽  
Bjoern Peters ◽  
Shane Crotty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Human T Cell

scholarly journals IMGT® Biocuration and Comparative Analysis of Bos taurus and Ovis aries TRA/TRD Loci

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Perrine Pégorier ◽  
Morgane Bertignac ◽  
Viviane Nguefack Ngoune ◽  
Géraldine Folch ◽  
Joumana Jabado-Michaloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The adaptive immune response provides the vertebrate immune system with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens to generate immunity, and mount stronger attacks each time the pathogen is encountered. T cell receptors are the antigen receptors of the adaptive immune response expressed by T cells, which specifically recognize processed antigens, presented as peptides by the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility (MH) proteins. T cell receptors (TR) are divided into two groups, αβ and γδ, which express distinct TR containing either α and β, or γ and δ chains, respectively. The TRα locus (TRA) and TRδ locus (TRD) of bovine (Bos taurus) and the sheep (Ovis aries) have recently been described and annotated by IMGT® biocurators. The aim of the present study is to present the results of the biocuration and to compare the genes of the TRA/TRD loci among these ruminant species based on the Homo sapiens repertoire. The comparative analysis shows similarities but also differences, including the fact that these two species have a TRA/TRD locus about three times larger than that of humans and therefore have many more genes which may demonstrate duplications and/or deletions during evolution.

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