scholarly journals What is the normal range of obstetric shock index in the immediate postpartum period in a low resource setting?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnbosco Ifunanya Nwafor ◽  
Chuka Nobert Obi ◽  
Olisah Elvis Onuorah ◽  
Blessing Idzuinya Onwe ◽  
Chukwunenye Chukwu Ibo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Shock Index ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Obstetric Population

Abstract AbstractObjective: To determine the normal range of shock index (SI), blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) among postpartum women and to compare shock index with the normal range in the current literature.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study evaluating vital signs collected at one hour of delivery in women with normal blood loss delivered in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Results: The median (95% reference range) was 120 (100 - 155.8) for systolic BP, 70 (60 - 94) for diastolic BP, 90 (66.5 - 116.6) for MAP, 82 (65 - 102) for HR, and 0.69 (0.48 - 0.89) for SI. The upper limit of SI of 0.89 in this study did support the current literature suggesting a threshold of 0.9 as upper limit of normal. However, the lower limit of SI of 0.48 in this study corresponds to the lower limit of 0.5 for non-obstetric population. Over half (56%) of the study cohorts maintained shock index values within the normal range (0.5 - 0.7) for non-obstetric population. Conclusion: Although haemodynamic changes of pregnancy widens the range of shock index in obstetric population, 56% of the participants maintained normal shock index within the reference range for non-obstetric population. We recommend that the normal obstetric shock index range of 0.7 - 0.9 in current literature be changed to 0.5 - 0.9 to accommodate this lower threshold.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effects of SARS-Cov-2 Infection on Multiple Organs Using Laboratory Indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhou ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Cui Kong ◽  
Yizhao Li ◽  
Yao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Causative Mechanism ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Heart Injury ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is still a severe threaft for human health currently, and the researches about it is a focus topic worldwide. Aim of the study: In this study, we will collect some laboratory results of the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to assess the function of liver, heart, kidney and even pancreas.  Subjects and Methods: Laboratory results of the patients with COVID-19 are collected. The biochemical indices are classified and used to assess the according function of liver, heart, kidney; meantime, and blood glucose is also observed and taken as an index to roughly evaluate pancreas. Results: There were some indices exhibited abnormal. For patient 1, the ratio of albumin and globulin slightly was lower than the down-limit of reference range. For patient 2, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (HBDH), and beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG) were respectively higher than the according upper limit of the reference range, while prealbumin (PA) was lower than the down limit. For patient 3, GGT, CK, PA were high than normal range. For patient 4, CK, LDH, HBDH were higher than the upper range. Conclusion: Infection of SARS-Cov-2 could cause liver and heart injury, and it is suggested that clinicians and researchers should pay more attention on the prevention, treatment and causative mechanism of such an injury.

scholarly journals What is the normal range of obstetric shock index in the immediate postpartum period in a low‐resource setting?

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Johnbosco I. Nwafor ◽  
Chuka N. Obi ◽  
Olisah E. Onuorah ◽  
Blessing I. Onwe ◽  
Chukwunenye C. Ibo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Shock Index ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting

Effects of Age and Health on the Euthyroid Reference Ranges for Serum Free Thyroxine and Free Triiodothyronine

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Midgley ◽  
K. R. Gruner
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Age Range

SummaryAge-related trends in serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations were measured in 7248 euthyroid subjects (age-range 3 months to 106 years). 5700 were patients referred to hospitals for investigation of suspected thyroid dysfunction, but who were diagnosed euthyroid. 1548 were healthy blood donors (age-range 18-63 years) with no indication of thyroid dysfunction. FT4 concentrations were little affected by the age, the sex or the state of health of the subjects in either group. Serum FT3 concentrations were significantly affected by both age and health factors. The upper limit of the euthyroid reference range for young subjects up to 15 years was about 20% higher (10.4 pmol/1) than for adult subjects older than 25 years (8.8 pmol/1). The change in the upper limits typical of young subjects to that typical of adults occurred steadily over the decade 15–25 years. After this age, little further change occurred, especially in healthy subjects. Additionally, the lower limit of the euthyroid range for FT3 was extended by the inclusion in the reference group of patients referred to hospitals. Compared with the lower limit of the FT3 range for healthy subjects (5 pmol/1), the corresponding limit for referred subjects (young or adult) was 3.5–3.8 pmol/1. Broadening of the FT3 reference range was probably brought about by a significant number of patients in the hospital-referred group with the “1OW-T3 syndrome” of mild non-thyroidal illness. Accordingly, FT3 was inferior to FT4 in the discrimination of hypothyroidism, as FT4 was unaffected by this phenomenon. Effects of age and non-thyroidal illness on serum FT3 concentrations require great care when selecting subjects for a laboratory euthyroid reference range typical of the routine workload. Constraints on the choice of subjects for FT4 reference ranges are less stringent.

New normal range of fetal cavum septum pellucidum in the second trimester of gestation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Medvedev, O.I. Kozlova, À.Yu. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Fetal Brain Development

Fetal brain was retrospectively evaluated in 418 normal fetuses at 16–28 weeks of gestation. The multiplanar mode to obtain the axial cerebral plane and measured the width of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and biparietal diameter (BD). All measurements of CSP were done from as the widest diameter across both borders in an inter-to inter fashion. The CSP width is increasing at second trimester of gestation. Normal range plotted on the reference range (mean, 5th and 95th percentiles) of fetal width CSP by measuring of its size may be useful for assessment of fetal brain development in the second trimester of gestation.

PNN and BP Neural Network Fault Diagnosis Research on Electronic Accelerator Pedal Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Yuxiu Jiang ◽  
Xiaohuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Electronic Throttle ◽  
Measured Voltage ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Network Fault

Background: The working state of electronic accelerator pedal directly affects the safety of vehicles and drivers. Effective fault detection and judgment for the working state of the accelerator pedal can prevent accidents. Methods: Aiming at different working conditions of electronic accelerator pedal, this paper used PNN and BP diagnosis model to detect the state of electronic accelerator pedal according to the principle and characteristics of PNN and BP neural network. The fault diagnosis test experiment of electronic accelerator pedal was carried out to get the data acquisition. Results: After the patents for electronic accelerator pedals are queried and used, the first measured voltage, the upper limit of first voltage, the first voltage lower limit, the second measured voltage, the upper limit of second voltage and the second voltage lower limit are tested to build up the data samples. Then the PNN and BP fault diagnosis models of electronic accelerator pedal are established. Six fault samples are defined through the design of electronic accelerator pedal fault classifier and the fault diagnosis processes are executed to test. Conclusion: The fault diagnosis results were analyzed and the comparisons between the PNN and the BP research results show that BP neural network is an effective method for fault detection of electronic throttle pedal, which is obviously superior to PNN neural network based on the experiment data.

The Excavation of Eighteen Round Barrows near Shrewton, Wiltshire.

1984 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 255-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Green ◽  
Stephen Rollo-Smith ◽  
Elisabeth Crowfoot ◽  
Calvin Wells
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Linear Groups ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Village

The excavation of eighteen round barrows was undertaken by the late Charles Green during summer seasons from 1958 to 1960, in advance of their destruction by ploughing. The excavated barrows are members of two linear groups which occupy adjacent spurs to the east of the village of Shrewton in the modern parish of that name (fig. 1). One of the barrows investigated lies in Winterbourne Stoke parish. This western part of Salisbury Plain is termed the ‘Lower Plain’ comprising those areas having their ‘upper limit… between 400 and 450 feet OD and their lower limit where they overlook the valley trenches … between 250 and 300 feet O.D.’ (Gifford 1957, 6). In such a lower valley lie the modern villages of Shrewton and Rollestone, and through it flows the river Till, the nearest modern open water supply to the barrows. This connects the area to the River Avon via the Wylye and Nadder.

Correction: preventing and treating deep vein thrombosis (3 February, pages 9–12)

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Dose Heparin ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Adjusted Dose ◽  
Prophylaxis Strategy

In the table entitled ‘Anti-thrombotic prophylaxis strategy’ we gave the desired APTT range for the ‘adjusted dose heparin regimen’ as 1.5–2.5 times the control value. The aim should be to maintain the APTT at 1.5 times control (upper limit of ‘normal’ range), and no higher.

scholarly journals TSH reference range in older adults: a Brazilian study

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Weslley Rosario ◽  
Maria Regina Calsolari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Thyroperoxidase Antibodies ◽  
Serum Tsh

Objective: To establish serum TSH reference values for a population of Brazilian elderly, and to compare them to those found in the adult population. Subjects and methods: Healthy volunteers aged 70 to 85 years, without known thyroid disease or risk factors for thyroid dysfunction, who did not use any medication that could potentially interfere with TSH, were selected. Subjects with goiter, palpable thyroid nodules, anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies, or altered free T4 were excluded. The sample consisted of 360 older adults (180 per sex). Results: TSH values corresponding to the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of the sample were 0.2 and 4.62 mIU/L, respectively. TSH > 2.5 mIU/L was seen in 25.26% of the volunteers, > 3 mIU/L in 15.26%, and > 4 mIU/L in 6.1% of them. TSH values were slightly higher than those previously reported for adults (18-60 years). Conclusion: This study suggests an upper limit for normal TSH of approximately 4.6 mIU/L for the Brazilian elderly population.

Simplified rat intubation using a new oropharyngeal intubation wedge

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1766-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Ming Jou ◽  
Ya-Ting Tsai ◽  
Ching-Lin Tsai ◽  
Ming-Ho Wu ◽  
Han-Yu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cavity ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Proper Setting

Our new oropharyngeal intubation wedge made from a plastic 3-ml syringe has been used successfully for the expansion of the oropharyngeal cavity and visualization of vocal cords for endotracheal intubation in the rat. All the animals we used tolerated the intubation and ventilation procedures in a series of experiments. After the proper setting of the respirator, vital signs were maintained within normal range. The postmortem examination and measurements in the upper airway confirmed that the endotracheal tube was properly sited and also demonstrated the precise size of the device that should be used. The main advantages of this method include low cost, simplicity, and reliability. Furthermore, because no expensive, elaborate, difficult-to-operate, or hard-to-get special equipment is needed, this technique can be used in every laboratory.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP LAMA TIDUR BAYI DI DESA DUWET KECAMATAN WONOSARI KABUPATEN KLATEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsini Warsini ◽  
Dyah Nugraini
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
The Village

Background: Even the oldest massage is an activity used by humans to expelfatigue and stress. Lack of information and knowledge of parents of massage,makes many parents think a massage is not a scientific and natural form oftherapy for infants. Most mothers believe massage is necessary only when theirchild had flu and colds.Purpose of the study: To determine the effect of infant massage on infant sleepduration in the village of Duwet, Wonosari Subdistrict, Klaten Regency.The subject: The population in this study is a baby in the village of DuwetWonosari District of Klaten regency totaling 45 babies. Samples that met thestudy criteria and amounted to 20 babies. The sampling technique is simplerandom sampling.Methods: The data collection is done by the experimental method is bymeasuring how much sleep babies after intervention. Data were analyzed usingstatistical tests Independent t-test.The results: Long sleep in infants that give the infant massage is known that atleast 11 hours and a maximum of 18 hours with an average bed is 15.90 hours.Long sleep in infants who were not given the infant massage is known at least 12hours and a maximum of 17 hours with an average bed is 13.90 hours. Statisticalanalysis showed p: 3.967 with an upper limit 0.047 and lower limit 0.33.Conclusion: There is a statistically significant effect of infant massage with infantsleep duration (p: 3.967 with an upper limit 0.047 and lower limit 0.33).Keywords: infant massage, infant sleep duration

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