scholarly journals Comparative study for Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Using Chlorella Vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Moondra ◽  
Namrata Jariwala ◽  
Robin A Christian
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Concentration Maximum ◽  
Secondary Contamination ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract Tertiary treatment using chemicals frequently prompts secondary contamination of sludge, making other issues of safe disposal. Thus, vitality and cost required for tertiary treatment of wastewater stay an issue for industries and municipalities. In this study, different microalgal concentrations (20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45%) were studied to treat domestic wastewater at 11 hours HRT for both filtered and non- filtered effluent. During the study, removal was observed in Total Solids (TS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), phosphate, ammonia and COD for all the microalgal concentrations mentioned. However, the maximum removal efficiency was observed at 30% microalgal concentration. Maximum removal efficiency found in ammonia, phosphate and COD for non-filtered effluent was 96.60%, 91.73% and 84.71% respectively, whereas, in the case of the filtered sample, removal efficiency reached up to 97.62%, 92.47% and 88.75% for ammonia, phosphate and COD respectively. In the case of solids (specifically TSS) and EC, removal efficiency reached up to 30.87% and 24.31% respectively for non-filtered effluent and was 48.00% and 25.88% in the filtered sample. The study showed that an algae-based system could accomplish more affordable and environment-friendly way to treat domestic wastewater without tertiary treatment to a desirable limit.

scholarly journals Comparative study for the treatment of domestic wastewater using Chlorella Vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Moondra ◽  
Namrata Jariwala ◽  
Robin A Christian
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Secondary Contamination ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract Tertiary treatment using chemicals frequently prompts secondary contamination of sludge, making additional issues of safe disposal. Thus, vitality and cost required for tertiary treatment of wastewater stay an issue for industries and municipalities. In this study, different microalgal concentrations 360 mL (20%), 450 mL (25%), 540 mL (30%), 630 mL (35%), 720 mL (40%) and 810 mL (45%) were studied to treat domestic wastewater for 11 hours of detention time for both filtered and non-filtered effluent. During the study, removal was observed in Total Solids (TS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), phosphate, ammonia and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) for all the microalgal concentrations mentioned. 30% microalgal concentration showed maximum removal efficiency among different microalgal concentrations studied. Maximum removal efficiency found in non-filtered effluents when treated with 30% microalgal concentration was 96.60, 91.73 and 84.71% respectively for ammonia, phosphate and COD concentration. However, the removal efficiency increased to 97.62, 92.47 and 88.75% respectively for ammonia, phosphate and COD in the case of filtered effluents. In the case of TSS and EC, removal efficiency reached up to 30.87 and 24.31% respectively for non-filtered effluents while it was 48.00 and 25.88% respectively, for the filtered effluents. One-way ANOVA was also conducted to determine the statistical significance of the study. The study showed that an algae-based system could accomplish a more affordable and environment-friendly way to treat domestic wastewater without tertiary treatment to a desirable limit.

Wastewater Treatment of Wet Coffee Processing in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor Coupled to Microfiltration System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio ◽  
Abumalé Cruz-Salomón ◽  
José H. Castañón-González ◽  
Beatriz Torrestiana-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Recalcitrant Organic Matter ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Background: Wet coffee processing consists of the removal of the pulp and mucilage of the coffee cherry. This process generates a large amount of acidic wastewater which is very aggressive to the environment because of its high content of recalcitrant organic matter. Therefore, treatment is necessary before discharge to water bodies. Because of this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the organic matter removal efficiency in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor (ABR) coupled to a Microfiltration Membrane (MF) system as a new eco-friendly option in the treatment of wet Coffee Processing Wastewater (CPWW). Methods: Two systems (S1 and S2) were evaluated at Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) of 59 h and 83 h, respectively. Both systems were operated at mesophilic conditions, at a Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) of 50 kPa during 1800 h. Results: The S2 generated higher organic matter removal efficiency, reaching removal values of turbidity of 98.7%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 81%, Total Solids (TS) of 72.6%, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of 100%, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of 61%, compared with the S1. Conclusion: The S2 represents a new eco-friendly alternative to treat CPWW and reduce its pollutant effect.

scholarly journals Performance comparison of uninsulated and insulated hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) operating at warm temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Khalekuzzaman ◽  
Muhammed Alamgir ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md Nahid Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract In this research, a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) configuration was proposed consisting of a front sedimentation chamber and four regular baffled chambers followed by two floated filter media chambers for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Performance comparison of uninsulated and insulated HABRs was carried out operating at warm temperature (18.6–37.6 °C) under variable HRTs (30 h and 20 h). The study suggests that almost similar chemical oxygen demand (91% vs 88%), total suspended solids (90% vs 95%), turbidity (98% vs 97%), and volatile suspended solids (90% vs 93%) removal efficiencies were obtained for uninsulated and insulated HABRs. Higher removal of total nitrogen (TN) of 41%, NH4+-N of 44%, and NO3−-N of 91% were achieved by the insulated HABR compared to TN of 37%, NH4+-N of 36%, and NO3−-N of 84% by the uninsulated HABR, whereas lower PO43− removal efficiency of 17% was found in the insulated HABR compared to 24% in the uninsulated HABR. This indicated insulation increased nitrogen removal efficiencies by 4% for TN, 8% for NH4+-N and 7% for NO3−-N, but decreased PO43−removal efficiency by 7%.

scholarly journals Effect of TSS Removal from Stormwater by Mixed Media Column on T-N, T-P, and Organic Material Removal

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoi Kim ◽  
Jae-Woo Choi ◽  
Tae-Han Kim ◽  
Jong-Sup Park ◽  
Byungryul An
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Media Column ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Sand Bottom ◽  
Maximum Removal

The water quality of a waterbody influenced by stormwater runoff was tested in a lab-scale setting by filtration. The filtration bed was packed with two or three types of media, sand, bottom ash (BA), and woodchips (WC), and tested with three hydraulic conductivities (HCs). Five pollutants—namely, total suspended solids (TSS): BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P, were analyzed and compared. The application of sand-bottom ash (S-BA) and bottom ash-sand (BA-S) media types showed the highest removal efficiencies for TSS, BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P, respectively. Among the five pollutants, TSS achieved the highest removal efficiency for any of the filter media, which was up to 93% for the S-BA and decreased to 72% with an increase in HC, followed by T-P > BOD > COD = T-N. The maximum removal efficiency values of BOD and COD were obtained at 67% and 52%, respectively, indicating that BOD removal was always higher than COD removal. Due to the low C:N and high HC, biodegradation was disregarded during filtration. Based on the different removal forms of T-P compared with TSS, adsorption would be involved in the removal of dissolved T-P by BA.

scholarly journals DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sandhiya ◽  
K. Sumaiya Begum ◽  
D. Charumathi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Dissolved Solids

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and <em>Rhizobium</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and <em>Rhizobium </em>for toxicity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dye decolorization potential of bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study proved that <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater.</p>

scholarly journals UJI PERFORMANCE BIOFILTER ANAEROBIK UNGGUN TETAP MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA BIOFILTER SARANG TAWON UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG AYAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Firly Firly
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Aerobic Process ◽  
Plan Study ◽  
Plastic Media

An experiment of anaerobic biofilter using honeycomb plastic media was conducted in semi-pilot scale. This paper describes the pilot plan study of chicken’s slaughterhouse wastewater treatment using anaerobic and aerobic submerged biofilter using honeycomb plastic media. The main research was conducting by continuous operation under condition 4 days, 2 days and 1 day retention time. The result of experiment shows that within the anaerobic process under conditions 1- 4 days retention time, the removal efficiency of COD were 78 – 87 %, BOD  were 78 – 89   %, 73 – 83 % , and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were 83 – 96 %  respectively.  Using combined anaerobic and aerobic process under same conditions 1 - 4 days retention time shows increasing of removal efficiency.  The removal efficiency of COD were 86 – 90 %, BOD were 85 – 90 %, Organics (KMnO4) were 81 – 88 % and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were 94 – 96 % respectively.  The longer retention time has resulted in higher removal efficiency. Kata Kunci : Biofilter anaerobik, media sarang tawon, air limbah, rumah potong ayam.

scholarly journals Statistical Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in and around Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karunakaran ◽  
P. Thamilarasu ◽  
R. Sharmila
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Town

Groundwater samples collected at different locations in and around Namakkal were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Ten locations of groundwater samples were collected and studied for every two month for the period June-2007 to December-2007. The present investigation is focused on the determination of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, taste, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chlorides, sulphate, nitrate, fluorides, dissolved oxygen, sodium, potassium andE.colibacterium. Groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes was examined by using WHO and BIS standards, which indicate the groundwater in a few areas, were not much suitable for domestic and agriculture purposes. Thus the objective of this study is to identify the quality of groundwater especially in the town and near by town where groundwater is used for domestic and agriculture purposes is discussed.

Reduction of Solids in Leachate Streams by Membrane Bioreactors: Mass Transfer Topics and Fouling Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 273-276 ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Castelo-Grande ◽  
Paulo A. Augusto ◽  
P. Monteiro ◽  
Domingos Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Preliminary Results

In this work the use of Membrane Bioreactors to treat leachate effluents is discussed. The problem of membrane fouling is addressed, and some of the efforts being done to overcome this problem presented. The process optimization requires the reduction of other parameters, some directly related to mass transfer, such as the total amount of solids, the total dissolved solids and the total suspended solids. The preliminary results obtained show the high potential of this technique for the treatment of leachates, mainly for the reduction of solids in leachate streams.

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