Wastewater Treatment of Wet Coffee Processing in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor Coupled to Microfiltration System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio ◽  
Abumalé Cruz-Salomón ◽  
José H. Castañón-González ◽  
Beatriz Torrestiana-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Recalcitrant Organic Matter ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Background: Wet coffee processing consists of the removal of the pulp and mucilage of the coffee cherry. This process generates a large amount of acidic wastewater which is very aggressive to the environment because of its high content of recalcitrant organic matter. Therefore, treatment is necessary before discharge to water bodies. Because of this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the organic matter removal efficiency in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor (ABR) coupled to a Microfiltration Membrane (MF) system as a new eco-friendly option in the treatment of wet Coffee Processing Wastewater (CPWW). Methods: Two systems (S1 and S2) were evaluated at Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) of 59 h and 83 h, respectively. Both systems were operated at mesophilic conditions, at a Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) of 50 kPa during 1800 h. Results: The S2 generated higher organic matter removal efficiency, reaching removal values of turbidity of 98.7%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 81%, Total Solids (TS) of 72.6%, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of 100%, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of 61%, compared with the S1. Conclusion: The S2 represents a new eco-friendly alternative to treat CPWW and reduce its pollutant effect.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF SEPTIC TANK PERFORMANCE IN REGARD TO SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL / SEPTIKO VEIKIMO ŠALINANT SKENDINČIĄSIAS IR ORGANINES MEDŽIAGAS ANALIZĖ

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Ala Kirjanova ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika ◽  
Regimantas Dauknys
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Organic Matter Removal

The aim of this work was to evaluate the removal of suspended solids (SS) and 7-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD7) in a three chamber septic tank depending on theoretical wastewater retention time and the degree of septic tank cleanliness. It was found out that the performance of the septic tank depended on the degree of its cleanliness: when the septic tank was clean and retention time was three days, SS and BOS7 removal efficiency was 77±10% and 67±14% respectively, whereas two months later, after septic tank desludging, SS removal efficiency decreased to 53±22% and BOD7 to 32±31%. The performance of the septic tank also depended on theoretical wastewater retention time: when some amount of solids was accumulated at the bottom of the septic tank and wastewater retention time was one day, SS and BOS7 removal efficiency was 45±40% and 33±16% respectively; when retention time was three days, SS removal efficiency increased to 53±22% but BOD7removal efficiency remained similar to one day retention time, i.e. 32±31%. Santrauka Bandymų metu buvo įvertintas organinių ir skendinčiųjų medžiagų šalinimas trijų kamerų septike esant vienos ir trijų parų teorinėms nuotekų išbuvimo septike trukmėms bei skirtingam septiko švarumo laipsniui – iš karto po septiko išvalymo, kai jis dar yra švarus, ir praėjus tam tikram laiko tarpui, kai ant septiko dugno yra susikaupęs tam tikras nuosėdų kiekis. Tyrimais nustatyta, kad septiko veikimas priklauso nuo septiko švarumo laipsnio: esant trijų parų nuotekų išbuvimo septike trukmei, vidutinis skendinčiųjų medžiagų (SM) šalinimo efektyvumas buvo 77±10 %, o septynių parų biocheminio deguonies suvartojimo (BDS7) – net 67±14 %, kai septikas buvo švarus, tačiau praėjus dviem mėnesiams nuo septiko išvalymo jo veikimas pablogėjo ir vidutinis SM šalinimo efektyvumas po septiko išvalymo buvo 53±22 %, o BDS7 – 32±31 %. Taip pat nustatyta, kad šalinant teršalus didelę reikšmę turi nuotekų išbuvimo septike trukmė: kai septikas buvo švarus, o nuotekų išbuvimo trukmė trys paros, vidutinis SM šalinimo efektyvumas – 77±10 %, o BDS7 – 67±14 %; sumažinus nuotekų išbuvimo trukmę iki vienos paros, SM šalinimo efektyvumas sumažėjo iki 31±38 %, o BDS7 šalinimo efektyvumas buvo neigiamas.

scholarly journals DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sandhiya ◽  
K. Sumaiya Begum ◽  
D. Charumathi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Dissolved Solids

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and <em>Rhizobium</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and <em>Rhizobium </em>for toxicity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dye decolorization potential of bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study proved that <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater.</p>

scholarly journals Wastewater treatment in flow photobioreactors continuous illuminated by artificial and solar light

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e183963748
Author(s):  
Rafael Souza Leopoldino Nascimento ◽  
Ludymyla Marcelle Lima Silva ◽  
Lucas Periard ◽  
Anibal da Fonseca Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Emitting

The technology of microalgae photobioreactors and illuminated by LEDs has been widely studied for the treatment of wastewater. However, sunlight is a free resource and should be taken advantage of. But the question remains whether photobioreactors illuminated by natural (sunlight) light in combination with artificial light can have greater operational stability or greater performance when compared to systems illuminated only by artificial light. In this context, continuous flow photobioreactors illuminated by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) combined, or not, with sunlight were operated and had their performance evaluated. The variables analyzed were pH, OD, chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll - a and total suspended solids. The photobioreactors were effective for removing organic matter, with 75 ± 15% in the photobioreactor illuminated by LED and 65 ± 10% in the photobioreactor illuminated by sunlight and LED. The results showed that the use of combined lighting favors the production of dissolved oxygen and ensures greater operational stability in the removal of carbonaceous organic matter.

scholarly journals Performance comparison of uninsulated and insulated hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) operating at warm temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Khalekuzzaman ◽  
Muhammed Alamgir ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md Nahid Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract In this research, a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) configuration was proposed consisting of a front sedimentation chamber and four regular baffled chambers followed by two floated filter media chambers for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Performance comparison of uninsulated and insulated HABRs was carried out operating at warm temperature (18.6–37.6 °C) under variable HRTs (30 h and 20 h). The study suggests that almost similar chemical oxygen demand (91% vs 88%), total suspended solids (90% vs 95%), turbidity (98% vs 97%), and volatile suspended solids (90% vs 93%) removal efficiencies were obtained for uninsulated and insulated HABRs. Higher removal of total nitrogen (TN) of 41%, NH4+-N of 44%, and NO3−-N of 91% were achieved by the insulated HABR compared to TN of 37%, NH4+-N of 36%, and NO3−-N of 84% by the uninsulated HABR, whereas lower PO43− removal efficiency of 17% was found in the insulated HABR compared to 24% in the uninsulated HABR. This indicated insulation increased nitrogen removal efficiencies by 4% for TN, 8% for NH4+-N and 7% for NO3−-N, but decreased PO43−removal efficiency by 7%.

Cleaner Dehairing Technology for Goatskins: Effects of Hydrosulfide and Peroxide on Enzyme Unhairing

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1726-1731
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Li Fen Hao ◽  
Lei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Biochemical Approach ◽  
Scanning Electron

Traditional lime and sulfide dehairing process is a major source of the pollution, such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and toxic H2S gas, etc. Enzymatic dehairing process is known to be cleaner but its dehairing effects are unsatisfactory. Hence, an attempt has been made to solve those two unhairing methods’ disadvantages through a biochemical approach. Several commercial enzyme formulations were chosen to research effects of hydrosulfide and peroxide on its activities, and then hair-saving enzymatic unhairing experiments with those two reagents were conducted in paste and pile method more effectively and cleanly. Results show that activity of enzyme 2709 is stabilized by the addition of hydrosulfide through activity measurements; Peroxide has some activation effect on protease 3942. Hair removal is found to be complete using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Those two processes enjoy a significant reduction in BOD, COD, TDS and TSS. The perfromances of the experimental leathers are also comparable to that of conventional ones. Therefore, those are cleaner processing technologies that could be chosen to solve traditional method’s disadvantage.

scholarly journals The efficiency of the sand filtration unit mixed with different packing materials in drain water treatment in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd el naser I. Ibrahim ◽  
Tarek Ismail M. Sabry ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Sayed I. A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Filtration Unit

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low-cost solution such as sand filter along with/without other filtration media has been used in this research. As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Sand only, sand mixed with sponge, sand mixed with activated carbon and sand mixed with ceramic cylinders have been tested to find the best media combination and optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio and optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with ceramic cylinders gave the best removal efficiency with respect to total chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for solution which were 77, 74%, respectively, whereas sand mixed with sponge had the best removal efficiency with respect to total suspended solids which was 89%. Also, all tested media combination had effluent quality that complied with Egyptian law 48 for the year 1982 regarding the disposal of wastewater into agricultural drains (chemical oxygen demand ≤ 80 mg/l, total suspended solids ≤ 50 mg/l).

Aerobic co-treatment of landfill leachate and domestic wastewater – are slowly biodegradable organics removed or simply diluted?

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1941-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Campos ◽  
F. M. Ferraz ◽  
E. M. Vieira ◽  
J. Povinelli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand

This study investigated the co-treatment of landfill leachate/domestic wastewater in bench-scale activated sludge (AS) reactors to determine whether the slowly biodegradable organic matter (SBOM) was removed rather than diluted. The AS reactors were loaded with mixtures of raw leachate and leachate that was pretreated by air stripping. The tested volumetric ratios were 0%, 0.2%, 2% and 5%. For all of the tested conditions, the reactors performed better when pretreated leachate was used rather than raw leachate, and the best volumetric ratio was 2%. The following removals were obtained: 97% for the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5,20), 79% for total suspended solids, 77% for dissolved organic carbon and 84% for soluble chemical oxygen demand. Most of the pretreated leachate SBOM (65%) was removed rather than diluted or adsorbed into the sludge, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses.

scholarly journals Comparative study for Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Using Chlorella Vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Moondra ◽  
Namrata Jariwala ◽  
Robin A Christian
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Concentration Maximum ◽  
Secondary Contamination ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract Tertiary treatment using chemicals frequently prompts secondary contamination of sludge, making other issues of safe disposal. Thus, vitality and cost required for tertiary treatment of wastewater stay an issue for industries and municipalities. In this study, different microalgal concentrations (20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45%) were studied to treat domestic wastewater at 11 hours HRT for both filtered and non- filtered effluent. During the study, removal was observed in Total Solids (TS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), phosphate, ammonia and COD for all the microalgal concentrations mentioned. However, the maximum removal efficiency was observed at 30% microalgal concentration. Maximum removal efficiency found in ammonia, phosphate and COD for non-filtered effluent was 96.60%, 91.73% and 84.71% respectively, whereas, in the case of the filtered sample, removal efficiency reached up to 97.62%, 92.47% and 88.75% for ammonia, phosphate and COD respectively. In the case of solids (specifically TSS) and EC, removal efficiency reached up to 30.87% and 24.31% respectively for non-filtered effluent and was 48.00% and 25.88% in the filtered sample. The study showed that an algae-based system could accomplish more affordable and environment-friendly way to treat domestic wastewater without tertiary treatment to a desirable limit.

scholarly journals Performance of an Integrated Membrane Process with Electrochemical Pre-Treatment on Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Purification

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Kulyash Meiramkulova ◽  
Davud Devrishov ◽  
Mikhail Zhumagulov ◽  
Sholpan Arystanova ◽  
Zhaskhaiyr Karagoishin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Pre Treatment

Industrial activities produce a variety of pollutants that may not be easily treated using centralized wastewater treatment systems based on a single treatment unit. The variability of the pollutants brings the importance of industrial-specific integrated wastewater treatment plants such as integrated membrane filtration systems. However, the performance of a membrane filtration process can be highly affected by the presence of high amounts of suspended particles in the raw wastewater. Therefore, proper selection of a pre-treatment unit prior to a membrane filtration wastewater treatment system is a key aspect of its performance. This study investigated the performance of an integrated membrane filtration treatment system connected to an electrochemical process (pre-treatment) on the purification of a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater toward achieving a high-quality effluent. The industrial-scale treatment plant installed at the Izhevsk Production Corporative (PC) poultry farm in Kazakhstan is composed of an electrochemical, ultrafiltration (UF), and reverse osmosis (RO) as the main treatment units. From the analysis results, the electrochemical pre-treatment unit was observed to be highly effective for the removal of some physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, color, total suspended solids, total iron, aluminum, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand; with removal efficiency ranging from 71 to 85%. The low removal efficiency of the pre-treatment system was also observed from free and total chlorine, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, and ammonium nitrogen; with removal efficiency ranging from 4 to 45%. While in general, the overall treatment train was observed to be highly efficient for some physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, color, total suspended solids, as well as chemical and biochemical oxygen demand; maintaining almost 100% removal efficiency throughout the study period. Also, the high removal efficiency of the electrochemical pre-treatment processes led to a relatively low rate of cake formation on the membrane filters.

Surface Water Quality Assessment and Prediction Modelling of Kathajodi River

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Sipra Mallick ◽  
F Baliarsingh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
The Neural Network

Water quality index (WQI), a technique of rating water quality, is an effective tool to access quality and ensure sustainable safe use of water for drinking. The main objective of the present study is to access the surface water quality of Kathajodi river for knowing the suitability of drinking purpose by calculating the WQI. Samples were collected from selected locations during different seasons (winter, summer, rainy) over a period of 3 years (2011, 2012, 2013). Water quality assessment was carried out for the parameters like pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, Alkalinity, Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Dissolved Oxygen(DO), Chloride, Nitrate, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium. The main objective is to develop a model to assess and predict the water quality changes of Kathajodi River Basin Odisha, India using neural networks and compared with the statistical methods. The result shows the proposed ANN prediction model has a great potential to simulate and predict the strongly correlated parameters like TSS (Total Suspended Solids), TDS(Total Dissolved Solids), Alkalinity, BOD(Biological Oxygen Demand)with Mean Square Error (MSE) : TSSMSE = 1.78 ; TDSMSE = 0; AlkalinityMSE = 3.77 and BODMSE = 8E-03.The Neural Network model has been compared with Linear Regression model to find out the best modelling approach for the study area. And it is concluded that the neural network model is superior to Linear Regression Model.

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