scholarly journals Treatment Outcome Of Hyperglycemic Emergency And Predictors In Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawlos Asfaw Tekeste ◽  
Gashaw Binega Mekonnen ◽  
Achenef Asmamaw Muche ◽  
Bereket Molla Tigabu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay

Abstract Background: Hyperglycemic Emergency (HE) denotes critical cases of decompensated diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are the extreme cases of HE. This study aims to assess the treatment outcome of HE and predictors in Ethiopia.Method: Four-year medical records of DM patients admitted for HE at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH) were reviewed retrospectively. Data were entered into and cleaned by Epi-InfoTM7 software. The statistical analysis was executed using the statistical package for social sciences software (SPSS) version 24. Chi-square test and student’s t-test were done to compare categorical and continuous variables. Logistic regression with the level of α set at 0.05 and AOR of 95% CI was done to determine the predictors. Statistical significance was established at AOR ≠1 within a 95% CI and P-value < 0.05. The model was verified using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test (P = 0.392).Results: This study included 321 eligible patients. The median duration of hospital stay was 7 days. The pooled HE mortality was 16.5%; 21.4% of HHS and 11.1% of DKA died. Infection (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.85-7.57, P <0.001), comorbidity (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.34-6.48, P = 0.007), and lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8 (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.17-5.71, P = 0.019) were the independent predictors of HE mortality.Conclusion: Mortality and duration of hospital stay stand high among DM patients admitted with HE. Infection, comorbidity, and lower admission GCS ≤ 8 are the independent predictors of HE mortality.

scholarly journals Treatment Outcome of Hyperglycemic Emergency and Predictors in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawlos Asfaw Tekeste ◽  
Gashaw Binega Mekonnen ◽  
Achenef Asmamaw Muche ◽  
Bereket Molla Tigabu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay

Abstract Background Hyperglycemic Emergency (HE) denotes critical cases of decompensated diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are the extreme cases of HE. This study aims to assess the treatment outcome of HE and predictors. Method: Four-year medical records of DM patients admitted for HE at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH) were reviewed retrospectively. The data abstraction tool was adapted from the preceding studies. Data were entered into and cleaned by Epi-InfoTM7 software. The statistical analysis was executed using the statistical package for social sciences software (SPSS) version 24. Chi-square test and student’s t-test were done to compare categorical and continuous variables. Logistic regression with the level of α set at 0.05 and AOR of 95% CI was done to determine the predictors. Statistical significance was established at AOR ≠ 1 within a 95% CI and P-value < 0.05. The model was verified using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test (P = 0.392). Results This study included 321 eligible patients. The median duration of hospital stay was 7 days. The pooled HE mortality was 16.5%; 21.4% of HHS and 11.1% of DKA died. Infection (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.85–7.57, P < 0.001), comorbidity (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.34–6.48, P = 0.007), and lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8 (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.17–5.71, P = 0.019) were the independent predictors of HE mortality. Conclusion Mortality and duration of hospital stay stand high among DM patients admitted for HE at HFSUH. Infection, comorbidity, and lower admission GCS ≤ 8 are the independent predictors of HE mortality. Operative strategies targeting the predictors ought to be devised to control the morbidity and mortality among DM patients hospitalized for HE.

scholarly journals Estado nutricional e desfechos clínicos em pacientes críticos internados em hospital universitário

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Edcleide Oliveira dos Santos Olinto ◽  
Gina Araújo Martins Feitosa ◽  
Izaura Odir Lima Gomes da Costa ◽  
Janine Maciel Barbosa ◽  
Ericka Vilar Bôtto Targino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Introduction: There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and increased length of hospitalization and morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that malnourished patients can have up to twenty times more complications than eutrophic ones. In critically ill patients, there is a tendency to catabolism, resulting in the loss of lean body mass, which when it reaches 40% is usually lethal. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study was conducted on adults from both genders, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, from March to December 2018. The following variables were collected from the evaluation and nutritional records: length of hospitalization in the ICU, date of discharge or death, nutritional risk through specific screening, height, weight and arm circumference (AC). For the screening, the Nutric score was used. For the nutritional evaluation, the body mass index (BMI) and AC indicators and the classifications recommended by the World Health Organization (2004) and Blackburn and Thornton (1979) were used. After collecting the data, they were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 and for the association of the variables the Chi-square test was used, considering statistical difference when the p value <0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 116 patients, mostly female (53.4%) whose median age was 46 years (interquartile range IQR 31-53). Regarding the frequency of nutritional risk, most patients (61.5%) had a low score. There was an important frequency of malnutrition, according to the AC indicator (73%), although BMI (43.5%) showed eutrophy. Even though most patients had low nutritional risk, those with high nutritional risk (38.5%) had a higher tendency to mortality, however, not statistically confirmed (p> 0.05). There was also a tendency of association between death and malnutrition, although no statistical significance was shown(p> 0.05). Conclusion: Patients at nutritional risk and/or malnutrition appear to be vulnerable to worse clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Hospitalisasi Pasien Skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Fitria Dewi Yunitasari ◽  
Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Predictor Factors

ABSTRAKSkizofrenia merupakan gangguan atau kumpulan gangguan mental yang mempengaruhi pemikiran, persepsi, dan perilaku sosial dan penyebabnya sebagian besar masih belum diketahui. Pengobatan farmakologis skizofrenia menggunakan obat-obat golongan antipsikotik terutama dalam jangka waktu lima tahun setelah episode akut pertama muncul. Penggunaan antipsikotik berpotensi menimbulkan kejadian hospitalisasi yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien terkait penurunan fungsi sosial pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi jenis kelamin dan jenis pengobatan antipsikotik sebagai faktor prediktor hospitalisasi pasien skizofrenia. Analisis cross sectional jenis kelamin dan penggunaan antipsikotik dilakukan pada rekam medis pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya Bulan Oktober 2017 yang didiagnosis skizofrenia (ICD-10 F20). Faktor prediktor hospitalisasi pasien  dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square for goodness of fit yang membandingkan perbedaan jumlah frekuensi antar kategori pada masing-masing faktor prediktor. Faktor jenis terapi antipsikotik digolongkan menjadi tipikal, atipikal, dan kombinasi. Hasil menunjukan terdapat perbedaan jumlah pasien pada tiga jenis terapi yang berbeda (p-value 0,000) dimana sebagian besar pasien yang dirawat dirumah sakit menerima antipsikotik tipikal (47,41%). Perbandingan jenis kelamin tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada pasien yang dirawat. Dapat disimpulkan jenis antipsikotik tipikal kemungkinan dapat mempengaruhi kejadian hospitalisasi pada pasien skizofrenia. Kata kunci: Skizofrenia, antipsikotik tipikal, antipsikotik atipikal, hospitalisasi.ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that affect thought, perception, and social behaviours. Most of causes of schizophrenia are unknown. Pharmacological treatments of schizophrenia use antipsychotics especially during  five years after first acute episode observed. The use of antipsychotics potentially lead to hospitalization that can affect to patients’ quality of life. This study was aimed to analyze the potential of gender and types of antipsychotic treatments as predictor factors in hospitalization of schizophrenia patients. Cross sectional analysis in gender and types of antipsycotics was conducted to medical records of inpatients at Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya diagnozed with Schizophrenia (ICD-10 Code F20) in October 2017. Chi-square for goodness of fit test was used to determine the difference amount of patients among different gender and different types of antipsychotics used as predictor factors. Types of antipsychotics used was classified into three categories which were patients who received typical antipsychotic, atypical antipsycotic and combination. The results showed that there was a significant difference in amount of hospitalized patients who received typical antipsychotic, atypical antipsycotic and combination (p-value 0,000) which most of hospitalized patients received atypical antipsychotics (47,41%).On the other hand, the proportion of gender among hospitalized patients was found have no significant difference. In conclusion, types of antipsychotics used might related to the hospitalization of schizophrenia patients.Keywords: Schizophrenia, Typical antipsychotic, Atypical antipsychotic, Hospitalization.

High Prevalence of Visual Midline Shift Syndrome in TBI: A Retrospective Study

2016 ◽  
pp. 176-182
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Visual Midline Shift Syndrome (VMSS) is a common finding in patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. Proper identification of VMSS will allow for best patient management since VMSS has previously been shown to be treatable with Yoked Prism lenses. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of VMSS in a group of patients with TBI compared to patients with no report of TBI. Methods: A single-center retrospective study of 60 patients (30 TBI and 30 non-TBI) was conducted by chart review to determine the prevalence and direction of VMSS in each group. The presence of VMSS was determined by Visual Midline Shift Testing where the patient was instructed to follow a moving Wolff Wand fixation target performed at 3 gazes horizontally from both directions to detect any right or left VMSS and then the procedure was repeated vertically to detect any anterior or posterior VMSS. Results: A much higher prevalence of VMSS was found in the TBI group (93%) compared to the non-TBI group (13%). This difference was found to be statistically significant by Chi-Square analysis (p-value of <0.0011). The directions of VMSS in the TBI group, in order of prevalence were right (82%), anterior (64%), posterior (11%), and left (7%). Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test showed the prevalence of right VMSS is statistically different than left VMSS or no right/left VMSS. (p-value < 0.001) and anterior VMSS is statistically different than posterior VMSS or no anterior/posterior VMSS (p-value = 0.002). Conclusion: The prevalence of VMSS is extremely high in patients with TBI. Our study also found a much higher prevalence of right or anterior VMSS. Our data supported VMSS testing to be performed on all patients with a history of TBI.

scholarly journals APPENDECTOMY

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
ZULFIQAR ALI ◽  
TANVEER AHMAD ◽  
IRSHAD AHMAD ◽  
Muhammad Suhail Amir ◽  
AG Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Laparoscopic Appendicectomy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Open Appendicectomy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes and morbidities of laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) and open appendicectomy (OA) in patients with acute appendicitis. Design: Interventional study. Setting: The study was conducted at Madina Teaching Hospital, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: From June 2007 to August 2009. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of two hundred patients suffering from acute appendicitis. One hundred patients underwent LA and one hundred patients underwent OA. Comparison was based on operating time, complications, requirements for postoperative analgesia, time until resumption to regular diet, hospital stay, and return to full activity in days. Comparisons were made between continuous variables using Student’s t test of the means and were made between proportions using Fischer’s exact or chi-square testing where appropriate. Statistical significance was taken to be a p value of .05 or less. Results: Of the hundred patients, five patients (5%) had the procedure converted to open surgery. The rate of infection was significantly lower in patients undergoing LA. The median length of stay was significantly shorter after LA (2 days after LA, 5 days after OA, P < 0.05) than after OA. The operating time was shorter {OA: 25 min (median), LA: 30 min (median), P > .05} in patients undergoing open appendicectomy compared to laparoscopic appendicectomy. Conclusion: LA is associated with increased clinical comfort in terms of fewer wound infections, faster recovery, earlier return to work and improved cosmesis.

scholarly journals Regression Analysis for Analyzing Life Style Risk Factor of Diabetes in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Zahid Iqbal ◽  
Qaiser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square

Diabetes is a worldwide metabolic disease. In Pakistan prevalence of diabetes is increasing day by day. This research aims to analyze the risk factors associated with the patient in the Malakand division, KPK Pakistan. The data is collected from four districts of Malakand division District Headquarter Hospital for the period year 2018. The insignificant risk factors are eliminated using the backward Elimination method for the Binary logistic Regression model and for a best-fitted model, the AIC technique is used, while the logistic Coefficient is tested with help of Wald statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow is performed for the Goodness of fit test. The positive and negative association among risk factors with diabetes is checked with the help of a Chi-square and odds ratio. Based on P-value at 5% level of significance the risk factors Age, cholesterol level, Hypertension, Family History, and Obesity are sensitive risk factors to develop diabetes. The AIC also show same best-fitted model while according to Hosmer- Lemeshow 0.844 indicating a better fit and these risk factors are associated with diabetes for the combine data of Malakand division. In each districts, the significant risk factors that affect to develop diabetes are Age, Cholesterol level and Obesity while according to AIC the best-fitted model is that in which the risk factors Gender and Occupation Status are involved the risk factor obesity show low level of precision based on 95% Confidence Interval and Chi-square statistic shows these factors are associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals 397 Seasonal Variation in Acute Cholecystitis; An Analysis to Predict Resources Allocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Gala ◽  
G Venkatesan ◽  
M Mohsin ◽  
M Abdelkarim ◽  
S Murali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
National Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation

Abstract Background Acute cholecystitis accounts for 20% of Emergency General Surgical admissions. The concept of seasonal variation is still a developing concept in surgical literature. Whether acute cholecystitis also follows a seasonal trend remains to be established. Aim Given the struggle healthcare system has been facing towards resource and staff allocation to deliver best possible patient care, we thought this may be a step forward to predict North Wales demand of resources seasonally and make appropriate arrangements ahead of time. Method We performed a retrospective analysis of patients across North Wales who had a discharging diagnosis of acute cholecystitis from January 2010 to December 2019. Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to analyse seasonality of acute cholecystitis adjusting for variation in number of days between seasons. The number of days for seasons were taken as 92, 92, 91, and 90.25 for spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. Results Overall, 4100 patients presented to the three hospitals across North Wales with acute cholecystitis during the study period. The frequency of hospital admissions varied between months (minimum February n = 302, maximum July n = 373) and seasons (minimum winter n = 971, maximum spring n = 1067). After applying chi-square goodness-of-fit test to check significant seasonality, we did not find any significant seasonal variation in acute cholecystitis (p-value = 0.262). Conclusions Our data failed to show any significant seasonal variation in patients presenting with acute cholecystitis in North Wales. We recommend prospective collection of data at national level to validate our results.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents in Bangalore Regarding the Oral Health of Children during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 3346-3350
Author(s):  
Arshiya Shakir ◽  
Manjaree Talukdar ◽  
Swati Manohar P. ◽  
Sneharaj Nagaraj ◽  
Pavana Mysore Parameshwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Consent Form ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square

BACKGROUND COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was declared a pandemic by WHO in early 2020. In India during the month of March, a lockdown was announced. All dental institutions and clinics were closed by looking at the emergency situation all around the world. The study was intended to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of parents in relation to the oral health of their children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A self-designed, structured, online questionnaire of 26 close-ended questions was distributed to 500 mothers of children aged 1 to 10 years of age through messages, WhatsApp, and emails. Participants were given a consent form to be filled online and it was a prerequisite to attend all the questions. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-square goodness of fit test. The P-value where P ≤ 5 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A standardized self-designed online questionnaire was used to perform this crosssectional survey. Before commencing with the study, the institutional review board reviewed and approved it. A panel of specialists created the questionnaire and consent form, which were then evaluated by parents to determine its face validity. A parent or caretaker then completed the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Parents’ knowledge, attitude, and perspective towards the oral hygiene of their children during the pandemic were very good and parents took proper home measures to tackle their oral health problems. KEY WORDS COVID-19, Oral Health, Child, Parents, Oral Hygiene

scholarly journals Comparison of Goodness of Fit Tests for Normal Distribution

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
I. Agu, Friday ◽  
E. Francis, Runyi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
P Value ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov

Goodness of fit test is a test that has attracted researchers’ interest over the decades. This study is on goodness of fit test for normal distribution only. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-St) and Pearson’s Chi-square (χ² test) goodness of fit test were used to determine the normality of a given data.  The result revealed that the data is normal under the two tests and that the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S test) were preferred to Pearson’s Chi-square (χ² test). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test of goodness of fit is the most suitable in terms of the p-value.  

scholarly journals Factors of Purchase of Bread – Prospect to Regain the Market Share?

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Skořepa ◽  
Kamil Pícha
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
P Value ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Hypotheses ◽  
Buying Behaviour

The aim of the article is to assess the consumers’ buying behaviour and decision-making process when purchasing bread and to propose the ways of how to improve the position of bread in the market. 1601 properly filled questionnaires were used for the analysis. Results are presented under the form of frequencies of answers and statistical tests. The analysis included evaluation of statistical hypotheses about the independence (significance level α = 0.01) using the chi-square goodness of fit test and Pearson coefficient of contingency. The significance level was then compared with the value p-value, for p-value > α, the null hypothesis was not rejected. The most important factors of choosing bread are freshness, appearance habit and price. The importance of the price grows with the increasing age of respondents and decreases with the increasing income of questioned consumers. The importance of the brand, as well as the reference or recommendation from the family and friends slightly strengthens with the increasing income of the consumers. Most of the respondents make no difference between both (yeast and rye leaven) technologies of baking bread when making their buying decision. We cannot say, however, the preference to the rye leaven bread grows with the increasing age of respondents to the detriment of the yeast bread or vice versa.

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