The Early Maternal Environment Shapes the Parental Response to Offspring UV Ornamentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge García-Campa ◽  
Wendt Müller ◽  
Ester Hernández-Correas ◽  
Judith Morales
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Parental Response ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity

Abstract Parents allocate resources to offspring to increase their survival and to maximize their own fitness, while this investment implies costs to their condition and future reproduction. Parents are hence expected to optimally allocate their resources. They should invest equally in all their offspring under good conditions, but when parental capacity is limited, parents should invest in the offspring with the highest probability of survival. Such parental favouritism is facilitated by the fact that offspring have evolved condition-dependent traits to signal their quality to parents. In this study we explore whether the parental response to an offspring quality signal depends on the intrinsic capacity of the parents, here the female. We first manipulated the intrinsic capacity of blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) females through lutein-supplementation during egg laying, and we subsequently blocked the UV/yellow reflectance of breast feathers on half of the nestlings in each brood. However, we did not find evidence that the female intrinsic capacity shaped parental favouritism for offspring UV/yellow colouration, as there were no differences in parental feeding or sibling competition. However, we found that males were more responsive than females to nestling UV/yellow when rearing capacity was high, as indicated by the prey-testings (when a parent places a prey item into a nestling’s gape but removes it again). Furthermore, when considering a more integrative measure, offspring growth, we did find the expected interaction effect. In control nests, UV-blocked nestlings gained less body mass than their non-UV-blocked siblings, whereas in lutein-supplemented nests UV-blocked nestlings gained more mass than their siblings. Overall, our results emphasize the female’s environment at an early reproduction stage shaped the role of offspring UV/yellow during family interactions illustrating plasticity in parental feeding rules.

scholarly journals The early maternal environment shapes the parental response to offspring UV ornamentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge García-Campa ◽  
Wendt Müller ◽  
Ester Hernández-Correas ◽  
Judith Morales
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Parental Response ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Behavioural Interactions ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity

AbstractParents allocate resources to offspring to increase their survival and to maximize their own fitness, while this investment implies costs to their condition and future reproduction. Parents are hence expected to optimally allocate their resources. They should invest equally in all their offspring under good conditions, but when parental capacity is limited, parents should invest in the offspring with the highest probability of survival. Such parental favouritism is facilitated by the fact that offspring have evolved condition-dependent traits to signal their quality to parents. In this study we explore whether the parental response to an offspring quality signal depends on the intrinsic capacity of the parents, here the female. We first manipulated the intrinsic capacity of blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) females through lutein-supplementation during egg laying, and we subsequently blocked the UV/yellow reflectance of breast feathers on half of the nestlings in each brood. We did not find evidence that the female intrinsic capacity shaped parental feeding or sibling competition according to offspring UV/yellow colouration. However, nestling UV/yellow colour affected costly behavioural interactions in the form of prey-testings (when a parent places a prey item into a nestling’s gape but removes it again). In lutein-supplemented nests, fathers but not mothers favoured UV-blocked chicks by testing them less often, supporting previous results. Accordingly, in lutein-supplemented nests, UV-blocked nestlings gained more mass than their siblings, while in control nests we found the opposite effect and UV-blocked nestlings gained less. Our results emphasize that the prenatal environment shaped the role of offspring UV/yellow colour during certain family interactions and are indicative for sex-specific parental care strategies.

scholarly journals The Less-Known History of the Voluntary Sector in an East Asian Welfare Regime: A South Korean Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Welfare Mix

AbstractAlthough the voluntary sector is internationally valued as an integral component of the welfare mix, studies on East Asian welfare regimes have primarily focused on state-market-family interactions, paying scant attention to the long-standing and pivotal role of voluntary agencies in their construction. This case study illuminates this less-known aspect of modern welfare history in the context of South Korea, with a particular focus on the activities of voluntary organizations. The study categorizes South Korean voluntary associations into four types and examines their different contributions in shaping South Korea’s welfare regime, by applying Young’s framework on government–voluntary organizations relations. This historical exploration on the South Korean voluntary sector aims to deepen understanding of an East Asian welfare state regime. It further suggests that current welfare mix debates, focusing on the service delivery role of voluntary organizations within Western European welfare states, should be broadened.

scholarly journals Sex differences in helping effort reveal the effect of future reproduction on cooperative behaviour in birds

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1885) ◽  
pp. 20181164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Downing ◽  
Ashleigh S. Griffin ◽  
Charlie K. Cornwallis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
The Future ◽  
Helping Behaviour ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Family Groups

The evolution of helping behaviour in species that breed cooperatively in family groups is typically attributed to kin selection alone. However, in many species, helpers go on to inherit breeding positions in their natal groups, but the extent to which this contributes to selection for helping is unclear as the future reproductive success of helpers is often unknown. To quantify the role of future reproduction in the evolution of helping, we compared the helping effort of female and male retained offspring across cooperative birds. The kin selected benefits of helping are equivalent between female and male helpers—they are equally related to the younger siblings they help raise—but the future reproductive benefits of helping differ because of sex differences in the likelihood of breeding in the natal group. We found that the sex which is more likely to breed in its natal group invests more in helping, suggesting that in addition to kin selection, helping in family groups is shaped by future reproduction.

scholarly journals Relationship of Parental Responses to Pain Catastrophization, Pain Intensity and Functional Limitations in Children with Functional Pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Varghese ◽  
Sahana Madhyastha ◽  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Parental Response ◽  
Functional Pain ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Parental Responses

Introduction: Pain is primarily a psychological experience. Based on social learning theory, studies have examined association between parental behaviours and child’s functioning in various pain situations. Objectives: 1) to examine relationship of parental responses to pain catastrophization, functional disability and pain intensity in children with functional pain complaints. 2) to explore psychosocial problems associated with functional pain. Methodology: Participants were 43 children diagnosed with functional pain, referred from Paediatric units of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Measures examining parental responses to pain, pain catastrophization, pain intensity, functional limitations and psychosocial problems were administered. Results: Analyses revealed significant associations between pain catastrophization and some of its types and functional disability. On the whole, statistically significant relationship between parental responses and pain catastrophization was not observed. But, on gender based analysis, solicitous parental response predicted pain rumination aspect of pain catastrophization in females. Among psychosocial problems, school and family problems were predominant. Conclusions: This study highlighted the role of pain catastrophization in predicting functional limitations in children and role of parental attention in increasing pain rumination in females. Hence, intervention should target the exaggerated pain perceptions, parental attention and psychosocial problems to ameliorate the functional limitations.

scholarly journals Pre-hospital CPR and early REBOA in trauma patients - Results from the ABOTrauma Registry.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hilbert-Carius ◽  
David T McGreevy ◽  
Fikri M. Abu-Zidan ◽  
Tal M. Hörer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Balloon Occlusion ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Traumatic Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: Severely injured trauma patients suffering from traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) and requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rarely survive. The role of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) performed early after hospital admission in patients with TCA is not well-defined. As the use of REBOA increases, there is great interest in knowing if there is a survival benefit related to the early use of REBOA after TCA. Using data from the ABOTrauma Registry, we aimed to study the role of REBOA used early after hospital admission in trauma patients who required pre-hospital CPR. Methods: Retrospective and prospective data on the use of REBOA were collected from the ABOTrauma Registry from 11 centers in seven countries globally between 2014 and 2019. In all patients with pre-hospital TCA, the predicted probability of survival, calculated with the Revised Injury Severity Classification II (RISC II), was compared with the observed survival rate. Results: Of 213 patients in the ABOTrauma Registry, 26 patients (12.2%) who had received pre-hospital CPR were identified. The median (range) Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 45.5 (25-75). Fourteen patients (54%) had been admitted to hospital with ongoing CPR. Nine patients (35%) died within the first 24 hours, while seventeen patients (65%) survived post 24 hours. The survival rate to hospital discharge was 27% (n=7). The predicted mortality using the RISC II was 0.977 (25 out of 26). The observed mortality (19 out of 26) was significantly lower than the predicted mortality (p=0.049). Patients not responding to REBOA were more likely to die. Only one (10%) out of 10 non-responders survived. Survival rate in the 16 patients responding to REBOA was 37.5% (n=6). REBOA with a median (range) duration of 45 (8-70) minutes significantly increases blood pressure from median (range) 56.5 (0-147) to 90 (0-200) mmHg. Conclusions: Mortality in patients suffering from TCA and receiving REBOA early after hospital admission is significantly lower than predicted by the RISC II. REBOA may improve survival after TCA. The use of REBOA in these patients should be further investigated.

African American Women Seeking Strength in Romance and Family Relationships

2017 ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Maudry-Beverley Lashley ◽  
Vanessa Marshall ◽  
TyWanda McLaurin-Jones
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Family Dynamic ◽  
American Women ◽  
Mental Well Being

Family interactions play a central role in creating relationships. The dynamic roles of intersectionality and biopsychosocial factors including culture, race, gender and environments stimulate the synergistic effects of relationships. Sociocultural contexts provide meaning to individual lives. The mechanisms within a family dynamic impact the formation of life decisions and overall health, spiritual and mental well-being. The purpose of this chapter is to explain and expand on how many African American women and LGBTQ couples create and interpret family dynamics and romantic relationships; specifically investigating the influential impact of kinship support, the role of the sandwich generation and the occupation of the Black woman as a primary caregiver.

scholarly journals Role of egg-laying behavior, virulence and local adaptation in a parasitoid’s chances of reproducing in a new host

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 103987
Author(s):  
R. Benoist ◽  
S. Paquet ◽  
F. Decourcelle ◽  
J. Guez ◽  
R. Jeannette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
New Host
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document