Key informants’ perspectives on childhood obesity in Vietnam: A qualitative study

Abstract Background: Vietnam’s postwar globalization, economic development, and urbanization have contributed to a nutrition transition from traditional diets to highly-processed diets, and increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. There is a need to understand the attitudes and behaviors driving this epidemic. Methods: This qualitative study focused on the perspectives and practices of Vietnamese parents, schoolteachers and doctors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of twelve regarding the historical, social, and cultural influences contributing to childhood overweight and obesity. Audio-recorded interviews were translated and transcribed, then analyzed using modified ground theory to identify themes and representative quotes. Results: Five themes were identified: 1) Change in diet between generations, 2) Preference for rounder children, 3) Unhealthy feeding practices, 4) Reduced physical activity, and 5) Increasing awareness of childhood obesity. A conceptual map detailed the shift from wartime to postwar economic environment and psycho-social context for raising children to be large, safe and academically-successful. Conclusion: We found globalization, urbanization and economic development—in the context of historical, social and cultural attitudes—may contribute to increasing child obesity in Vietnam. Reduction through public health and educational institutions should involve policies and programs for healthy eating and exercise, tailored to address parental figures’ concerns.

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Campbelltown – Changing our Future: study protocol for a whole of system approach to childhood obesity in South Western Sydney

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7936-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicola Maitland ◽

Mandy Williams ◽

Bin Jalaludin ◽

Steven Allender ◽

Claudia Strugnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Future Study ◽

Primary Schools ◽

System Approach ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Local Context ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Key Stakeholders

Abstract Background In Australia, around 67% of adults and 25% of children (5–17 years) are currently overweight or obese (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 4364.0.55.001 - National Health Survey: First Results, 2017–18, 2018). The Campbelltown – Changing our Future study will translate ‘a whole of system’ approach, previously trialed in rural communities in Victoria and the Australian Capital Territoty, to Campbelltown Local Government Area (LGA), a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse urban community in south western Sydney, NSW. Methods The study intervention will use a five-step approach; 1 – set up a childhood obesity monitoring system by collecting baseline data from children in primary schools across Campbelltown LGA to give a local context to the community when developing the systems map; 2 - key stakeholders develop systems maps which inform the development of the interventions; 3 - key stakeholders and community groups identify priority areas for action and form working groups; 4 - implementation of the interventions; 5 - evaluation of the interventions. The study will adopt a longitudinal pre/post design with repeated measures at baseline, 2 years and 4 years. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to collect and analyse the data. Discussion Addressing childhood overweight and obesity is complex and requires a multifaceted intervention. This approach has the capacity to impact a range of factors that influence childhood overweight and obesity utilising existing capacity of multiple partners with broad community reach. Findings will develop local responses which capture the complexity of obesity at a community level and further our understanding of the interrelationships and relative importance of local factors impacting childhood overweight and obesity. This study aims to provide evidence for systems methods and approaches suitable for adaption and scaling and may provide evidence of successful community intervention elements.

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Environmental, Socioeconomic, Maternal, and Breastfeeding Factors Associated with Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Ceará, Brazil: A Population-Based Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1557

Author(s):

Sabrina G. M. O. Rocha ◽

Hermano A. L. Rocha ◽

Álvaro J. M. Leite ◽

Márcia M. T. Machado ◽

Ana C. Lindsay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Family Income ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Population Based ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Relationship

Childhood obesity is now an epidemic in many countries worldwide and is known to be a multifactorial condition. We aimed to examine the relationship of environmental, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors with childhood overweight and obesity. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of children from 2 to 6 years of age in Ceará, Brazil. Children’s nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) Z scores categorized as overweight and obesity. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the factors with overweight and obesity. A total of 2059 children participated, of which 50.4% were male. The mean age was 46 ± 17 months, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 12.0% (95% CI 10.7–13.6) and 8.0% (6.7–9.5), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the probability of childhood obesity increased as family income increased (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.6 (95% CI 0.37–0.95), p-value = 0.03). Moreover, families with fewer children had more than 30% fewer overweight children (aHR 0.68; 95% CI 0.48–0.96). Environmental, socioeconomic, and child nutritional factors were associated with overweight and obesity. The results provided could be used to design integrated interventions spanning from conception, or earlier, through the first years of life and may improve child nutritional outcomes.

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Characteristics of Multicomponent Interventions to Treat Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Extremely Cold Climates: A Systematic Review of a Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3098

Author(s):

Javier Albornoz-Guerrero ◽

Sonia García ◽

Guillermo García Pérez de Sevilla ◽

Igor Cigarroa ◽

Rafael Zapata-Lamana

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Cold Climates ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Multicomponent Interventions

Aim: To analyze the characteristics of multicomponent interventions to reduce childhood overweight and obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. MEDLINE, PsycNet, SciELO, and grey literature databases were reviewed in the period between 2010 and 2020. Results: 29 articles were included (n = 4434 participants; 9.3 years; 56% women) with an average adherence of 86%, 100% being the highest adherence, for the physical activity and nutrition interventions. The primary variables studied were BMI, BMI Z-score BMI-SDS and, additionally, the secondary variables studied were nutritional status and physical and mental health. In 72% of the interventions presented, positive effects were seen on the reduction of BMI, including in parents and their children. The interventions were carried out mainly by nutritionists in health centers. The duration of the 29 interventions was ≤6 months and ≥12 months, in 59% and 41% of the studies, respectively. 57% of the studies reported post-intervention results. 86% of the interventions included a physical activity component, 80% included a nutrition component, 66% included a behavioral therapy component and 55% included an education component. Concerning the effects of the intervention on the primary outcome, in interventions with a duration equal to or less than six months, the most effective interventions included recreational activities, education, and nutritional programs. In interventions lasting 12 months or more, the most effective interventions included physical activity recommendations, nutritional and physical exercise programs, and cooking classes. Conclusions: This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of, and characterized, multicomponent interventions lasting for 6 and 12 months, aiming to treat childhood obesity in extremely cold climates. The most frequently used units of measurement were also analyzed and summarized. Evidence derived from RCT. These results can be useful for designing future interventions to treat childhood obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate.

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Prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight/obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-020-00491-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Frederick Inkum Danquah ◽

Monica Ansu-Mensah ◽

Vitalis Bawontuo ◽

Matilda Yeboah ◽

Desmond Kuupiel

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NDC), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, poses a significant threat to global health. Obesity and overweight constitute major risk factors of NCDs such as heart diseases, diabetes, and kidney disease, and as a result, contribute significantly to the development of chronic morbidities, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of premature death. This study described evidence on the prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight and obesity in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review employing the Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac et al. recommendations, and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. To obtain relevant published articles for this review, we performed a comprehensive keywords search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CINAHL via EBSCOhost platform for studies published between 2009 and June 2019. Guided by the eligibility criteria, title and abstracts, as well as the full-text articles were independently screened in parallel by two investigators. All relevant data were independently extracted by two investigators using a piloted form designed in Microsoft and thematic analysis conducted. Results Of the 81 included studies obtained from 250,148 potentially eligible articles, the majority (25) conducted in South Africa followed by 18 in Nigeria. Six studies were conducted in Ethiopia (6), Tanzania (5), Kenya (4), Cameroon (4), Ghana (3), Uganda (2), Mozambique (2), and Sudan (2). One study each was conducted in Botswana, Gambia, Lesotho, Mauritius, Seychelles, Togo, and Zimbabwe. The remaining three articles were multi-country studies. Most (81.5%) of the included studies were cross-sectional surveys and the majority (79) focused on both male and female participants. The majority (80/81) of the included studies reported on the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, 8 on the trends of childhood overweight/obesity, and one presented evidence on the incidence of childhood overweight and obesity in SSA. Conclusion This review demonstrates limited studies on childhood overweight/obesity in most SSA countries although the included studies suggest an increasing burden. Considering the consequences of childhood obesity, there is a need for more primary researches to inform policies decision and implementation to halt the rise of childhood obesity/overweight in SSA.

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Childhood Overweight and Obesity is Increasing in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: A Review of the Literature

Journal of Transcultural Nursing ◽

10.1177/1043659619829528 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 603-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Basma Al Yazeedi ◽

Diane C. Berry

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Gulf Cooperation Council ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Lifestyle Behavior ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Gcc Countries ◽

Obesity Risk Factors

Introduction: A review was conducted to examine the prevalence and risk factors of developing overweight and obesity in children residing in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Method: PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases using PRISMA guidelines were searched from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2017. The inclusion criteria were (a) studies written in English, (b) clinical trials that examined risk factors of childhood overweight or obesity, (c) studies involving children 5 to 10 years of age, and (d) studies conducted in GCC countries. Results: Three main types of childhood obesity risk factors were identified (individual, familial, and lifestyle behavioral factors). The dietary, physical activity, and screen time lifestyle behavior risk factor findings were inconclusive. Discussion: Childhood obesity is increasing in GCC countries. Lifestyle behavior risk factors are still unclear. Researchers need to use instruments that have been psychometric tested and culturally acceptable. A follow-up review should be conducted.

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“I would rather be told than not know” - A qualitative study exploring parental views on identifying the future risk of childhood overweight and obesity during infancy

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-017-4684-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Faye Bentley ◽

Judy Anne Swift ◽

Rachel Cook ◽

Sarah A Redsell

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Parental Views ◽

The Future ◽

Future Risk

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Effectiveness of parent-centred interventions for the prevention and treatment of childhood overweight and obesity in community settings: A Systematic Review.

The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports ◽

10.11124/01938924-201008161-00003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

James Bray ◽

Clare Collins ◽

Philip Morgan ◽

Tracy Burrows

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Community Settings ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Prevention And Treatment

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OP55 Childhood overweight and obesity at the start of primary school: external validation of pregnancy and early-life prediction models

10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.54 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N Ziauddeen ◽

PJ Roderick ◽

G Santorelli ◽

J Wright ◽

NA Alwan

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Early Life ◽

Life Prediction ◽

Prediction Models ◽

External Validation ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity

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Tracking implementation within a community-led whole of system approach to address childhood overweight and obesity in south west Sydney, Australia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11288-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Maitland ◽

Karen Wardle ◽

Jill Whelan ◽

Bin Jalaludin ◽

Doug Creighton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stakeholder Engagement ◽

System Approach ◽

Action Plan ◽

Complex Interventions ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Community Members ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Working Groups ◽

Implementation Data

Abstract Background Obesity is a chronic disease that contributes to additional comorbidities including diabetes, kidney disease and several cancers. Change4Campbelltown implemented a ‘whole of system’ approach to address childhood overweight and obesity. We present methods to track implementation and stakeholder engagement in Change4Campbelltown. Methods Change4Campbelltown aimed to build capacity among key leaders and the broader community to apply techniques from systems thinking to develop community-led actions that address childhood obesity. Change4Campbelltown comprised development of a stakeholder-informed Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) and locally-tailored action plan, formation of key stakeholder and community working groups to prioritise and implement actions, and continuous monitoring of intervention actions. Implementation data included an action register, stakeholder engagement database and key engagement activities and were collected quarterly by the project management team over 2 years of reporting. Results Engagement activities increased level of community engagement amongst key leaders, the school-sector and community members. Community-led action increased as engagement increased and this action is mapped directly to the primary point of influence on the CLD. As action spread diversified across the CLD, the geographical spread of action within the community increased. Conclusions This paper provides a pragmatic example of the methods used to track implementation of complex interventions that are addressing childhood overweight and obesity.

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