scholarly journals Can Climatic Factors Explain The Differences In Covid-19 Incidence And Severity Across The Spanish Regions?: An Ecological Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Muñoz-Cacho ◽  
Jose Luis Hernandez ◽  
Marcos Lopez-Hoyos ◽  
Víctor M. Martínez-Taboada
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Factor ◽  
Geographical Pattern ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics ◽  
Official Sources

Abstract Background: Environmental factors play a central role in seasonal epidemics. SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain has shown a heterogeneous geographical pattern This study aimed to assess the influence of several climatic factors on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 severity among the Spanish Autonomous Communities (AA.CC.).Methods: Data on coronavirus infectivity and severity of COVID-19 disease, as well as the climatic variables were obtained from official sources (Ministry of Health and Spanish Meteorological Agency, respectively). To assess the possible influence of climate on the development of the disease, data on ultraviolet ration (UVR) were collected during the months before the start of the pandemic. To analyze its influence on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, data on UVR, temperature, and humidity were obtained from the months with the highest contagiousness to the pandemic peak.Results: From October 2019 to January 2020, mean UVR was significantly related not only to SARS-CoV-2 infection (cumulative incidence -previous 14 days- x105 habitants, rho=-0.0,666; p=0.009), but also with COVID-19 severity, assessed as hospital admissions (rho=-0.626; p=0.017) and ICU admissions (rho=-0.565; p=0.035). Besides, temperature (February: rho=-0.832; p<0.001 and March: rho=-0.904; p<0.001), was the main climatic factor responsible for the infectivity of the coronavirus and directly contributed to a different spread of SARS-CoV-2 across the Spanish regions. Conclusions: Climatic factors may partially explain the differences in COVID-19 incidence and severity across the different Spanish regions. The knowledge of these factors could help to develop preventive and public health actions against upcoming outbreaks of the disease.

scholarly journals Can climatic factors explain the differences in COVID-19 incidence and severity across the Spanish regions?: An ecological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Muñoz Cacho ◽  
José L. Hernández ◽  
Marcos López-Hoyos ◽  
Víctor M. Martínez-Taboada
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Factor ◽  
Geographical Pattern ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics ◽  
Official Sources

Abstract Background Environmental factors play a central role in seasonal epidemics. SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain has shown a heterogeneous geographical pattern This study aimed to assess the influence of several climatic factors on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 among the Spanish Autonomous Communities (AA.CC.). Methods Data on coronavirus infectivity and severity of COVID-19 disease, as well as the climatic variables were obtained from official sources (Ministry of Health and Spanish Meteorological Agency, respectively). To assess the possible influence of climate on the development of the disease, data on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) were collected during the months before the start of the pandemic. To analyze its influence on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, data on UVR, temperature, and humidity were obtained from the months of highest contagiousness to the peak of the pandemic. Results From October 2019 to January 2020, mean UVR was significantly related not only to SARS-CoV-2 infection (cumulative incidence -previous 14 days- × 105 habitants, rho = − 0.0,666; p = 0.009), but also with COVID-19 severity, assessed as hospital admissions (rho = − 0.626; p = 0.017) and ICU admissions (rho = − 0.565; p = 0.035). Besides, temperature (February: rho = − 0.832; p < 0.001 and March: rho = − 0.904; p < 0.001), was the main climatic factor responsible for the infectivity of the coronavirus and directly contributed to a different spread of SARS-CoV-2 across the Spanish regions. Conclusions Climatic factors may partially explain the differences in COVID-19 incidence and severity across the different Spanish regions. The knowledge of these factors could help to develop preventive and public health actions against upcoming outbreaks of the disease.

scholarly journals Can Climatic Factors Explain the Differences in COVID-19 Incidence and Severity Across the Spanish Regions?: An Ecological Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Muñoz-Cacho ◽  
Jose Luis Hernandez ◽  
Marcos Lopez-Hoyos ◽  
Víctor M. Martínez-Taboada
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Factor ◽  
Geographical Pattern ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics ◽  
Official Sources

Abstract Background: Environmental factors play a central role in seasonal epidemics. SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain has shown a heterogeneous geographical pattern This study aimed to assess the influence of several climatic factors on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 among the Spanish Autonomous Communities (AA.CC.).Methods: Data on coronavirus infectivity and severity of COVID-19 disease, as well as the climatic variables were obtained from official sources (Ministry of Health and Spanish Meteorological Agency, respectively). To assess the possible influence of climate on the development of the disease, data on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) were collected during the months before the start of the pandemic. To analyze its influence on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, data on UVR, temperature, and humidity were obtained from the months of highest contagiousness to the peak of the pandemic.Results: From October 2019 to January 2020, mean UVR was significantly related not only to SARS-CoV-2 infection (cumulative incidence -previous 14 days- x105 habitants, rho=-0.0,666; p=0.009), but also with COVID-19 severity, assessed as hospital admissions (rho=-0.626; p=0.017) and ICU admissions (rho=-0.565; p=0.035). Besides, temperature (February: rho=-0.832; p<0.001 and March: rho=-0.904; p<0.001), was the main climatic factor responsible for the infectivity of the coronavirus and directly contributed to a different spread of SARS-CoV-2 across the Spanish regions.Conclusions: Climatic factors may partially explain the differences in COVID-19 incidence and severity across the different Spanish regions. The knowledge of these factors could help to develop preventive and public health actions against upcoming outbreaks of the disease.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants of the COVID-19 pandemic: an ecological study of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Navarro García
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Urban People

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major challenge to health, economic and political systems around the world. Understanding the socioeconomic, demographic and health determinants affecting the pandemic is of interest to stakeholders. The purpose of this ecological study is to analyse the effect of the different socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants on the mortality rate and estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 first wave in the Spanish regions. Methods From the available data of the 17 Spanish regions (Autonomous Communities), we have carried out an ecological study through multivariate linear regression using ordinary least squares. To do this, we conducted an analysis using two distinct dependent variables: the logarithm of mortality rate per 1,000,000 inhabitants and the estimated cumulative incidence. The study has 12 explanatory variables. Results After applying the backward stepwise multivariate analysis, we obtained a model with nine significant variables at different levels for mortality rate and a model with seven significant variables for estimated cumulative incidence. Among them, six variables are statistically significant and of the same sign in both models: “Nursing homes beds”, “Proportion of care homes over 100 beds”, “Log GDP per capita”, “Aeroplane passengers”, “Proportion of urban people”, and the dummy variable “Island region”. Conclusions The different socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants of each region have a significant effect on the mortality rate and estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in territories where the measures initially adopted to control the pandemic have been identical.

scholarly journals COVID-19 public health measures: a reduction in hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-216083
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan Tan ◽  
Edwin Philip Conceicao ◽  
Liang En Wee ◽  
Xiang Ying Jean Sim ◽  
Indumathi Venkatachalam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Hospitalisations for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) carry significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are the most common cause of AECOPD and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures, such as social distancing and universal masking, were originally implemented to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2; these public health measures were subsequently also observed to reduce transmission of other common circulating RVIs. In this study, we report a significant and sustained decrease in hospital admissions for all AECOPD as well as RVI-associated AECOPD, which coincided with the introduction of public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Impact of social service and public health spending on teenage birth rates across the USA: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e013601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L Sipsma ◽  
Maureen Canavan ◽  
Melissa Gilliam ◽  
Elizabeth Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Teenage Birth ◽  
Public Health Spending ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Mortality and hospitalization for liver disease in the Western Amazon from 2008 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Alex Nunes Callado ◽  
Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra ◽  
Fernando Adami ◽  
Luiz Vinícius de Alcantara Sousa ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Patients

Introduction: As liver diseases (LDs) occur as liver damage takes place, their causes are variable and mostly caused by viruses and alcohol intake. The cases of LDs have increased significantly; they are also charged with mortality rates and hospitalizations. Objective: to analyze mortality and hospitalizations due to LDs in the Western Amazon. Methods: Ecological study with time series design using secondary data related to deaths and hospital admissions for LDs in the Western Amazon. Results: The number of cases of mortality due to male diseases is higher in men, considering the period from 2008 to 2017. The study results also show that the affected patients are mostly over 50 and under 20 years old, who are the least likely to die. Regarding hospitalization rates, male patients have the highest number of hospitalizations and are not different from mortality; patients over the age of 50 also represent the largest hospitalization cases. Conclusion: There is a tendency towards stability in cases of mortality and hospitalization due to liver diseases in the Western Amazonia.

Evaluation of Dietitian Counselling Access Revealed Reduced Pediatrician-Reported Hospital Admissions and Increased Parental Knowledge and Confidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine (Kay) Watson-Jarvis ◽  
Lorna Driedger ◽  
Tanis R. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Nurses ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
N 93 ◽  
High Degree

Based on a 1999 needs assessment a pediatric community-based outpatient dietitian counselling service was created. By 2010 annual referrals had grown to almost 1500 (62% from physicians; 38% from public health nurses). An evaluation was undertaken to gather perspectives of practitioners and parents about access, satisfaction, referral practices, and changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and child well-being. Health professionals surveyed via email were 62 pediatricians (response rate 71%), 25 family physicians (21%), 87 public health nurses (31%), and 7 dietitian providers (100%). Parents (n = 93, response rate 75% of those contacted) were interviewed by telephone. Pediatricians reported a significantly lower rate of 7% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8%–23%) for admitting children to hospital to access a dietitian, compared to 1999 of 39% (95% CI, 22%–59%) (P = 0.005). Health professionals reported a high degree of agreement on benefits of the service to their practice and on child health problems and a high degree of satisfaction with the service. Parents reported gaining knowledge (76%), confidence (93%), and making behaviour changes in foods offered (77%). Our evaluation demonstrated health practitioners saw a need for access to dietitians for pediatric dietitian counselling and parents reported more confidence and improved child feeding practices after dietitian counselling.

scholarly journals Reform of tuberculosis control and DOTS within Russian public health systems: an ecological study

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Marx ◽  
R. A. Atun ◽  
W. Jakubowiak ◽  
M. Mckee ◽  
R. J. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Public Health Systems

Burden of hospitalisation among older people in the Brazilian public health system: a big data analysis from 2009 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Daglius Dias ◽  
Jacson Venancio de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health System ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Icu Admission

BackgroundThe world’s population is progressively ageing, and this trend imposes several challenges to society and governments. The aim of this study was to investigate the burden generated by the hospitalisation of older (>60 years) compared with non-older population, as well as the epidemiology of these hospital admissions.MethodsUsing the Brazilian Unified Health System (known as ‘Sistema Único de Saúde’ (SUS)), an analysis of all hospital admissions of adult patients in the SUS from 2009 to 2015 was undertaken. The following indicators were used: hospital admission rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, average length of hospital and ICU stay, hospital mortality and average reimbursement per hospitalisation.ResultsA total of 61 958 959 admissions during the 7-year period, were analysed, encompassing 17 893 392 (28.9%) older patients. Elderly represent 15% (n=21 294 950) of the Brazilian adult population, but are responsible for 29% (n=17 893 392) of hospitalisations, 52% (n=1 731 299) of ICU admissions and 66% (n=1 885 291) of hospital mortality. Among the adults, elderly represents 39% of the total reimbursement made related to admission/hospitalisation. For 2009 to 2015, while the older population increased 27%, ICU admission rate increased 20%; the average length of ICU stay was 12% higher in 2015 (6.5 days) compared with 2009 (5.8 days); and the hospital mortality increased from 9.8% to 11.2%.ConclusionThese findings illustrate the current panorama of the burden due to hospitalisation of older people in the Brazilian public health system, and evidence the consolidation of the epidemiological transition toward the predominance of non-communicable diseases as the main cause of hospitalisation among the elderly in Brazil.

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