scholarly journals Effect of Drosophila suzukii on blueberry VOCs: chemical cues for a pupal parasitoid, Trichopria anastrephae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo de la Vega ◽  
Federico Triñanes ◽  
Andres González
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Cues

Abstract Biocontrol agents such as parasitic wasps use long-range volatiles and host-associated cues from lower trophic levels to find their hosts. Although, this chemical landscape may be altered by the invasion of exotic insect species. The spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a highly polyphagous fruit pest native to eastern Asia and recently arrived in South America. The aim of our study was to characterize the effect of SWD attack on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of blueberries, a common host fruit, and to correlate these odor changes with the olfactory-mediated behavioral response of resident populations of Trichopria anastrephae parasitoids. Using fruit VOC chemical characterization followed by multivariate analyses of the odor blends of SWD-attacked blueberries, we showed that the development of SWD immature stages inside the fruit generates a different odor profile than control fruits (physically damaged and free of damage). These differences can be explained by the diversity, frequency and amounts of fruit VOCs. The behavioral response of female parasitic wasps showed that T. anastrephae has an innate attraction to volatile cues from infested host fruits, which may lead to successful location of their insect host. Since resident parasitoids are able locate this novel potential host, biological control programs using local populations may be plausible as a SWD control strategy.

scholarly journals Predation on Drosophila suzukii within Hedges in the Agricultural Landscape

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Alexandra Siffert ◽  
Fabian Cahenzli ◽  
Patrik Kehrli ◽  
Claudia Daniel ◽  
Virginie Dekumbis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Molecular Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
Diverse Community

The invasive Drosophila suzukii feeds and reproduces on various cultivated and wild fruits and moves between agricultural and semi-natural habitats. Hedges in agricultural landscapes play a vital role in the population development of D. suzukii, but also harbor a diverse community of natural enemies. We investigated predation by repeatedly exposing cohorts of D. suzukii pupae between June and October in dry and humid hedges at five different locations in Switzerland. We sampled predator communities and analyzed their gut content for the presence of D. suzukii DNA based on the COI marker. On average, 44% of the exposed pupae were predated. Predation was higher in dry than humid hedges, but did not differ significantly between pupae exposed on the ground or on branches and among sampling periods. Earwigs, spiders, and ants were the dominant predators. Predator communities did not vary significantly between hedge types or sampling periods. DNA of D. suzukii was detected in 3.4% of the earwigs, 1.8% of the spiders, and in one predatory bug (1.6%). While the molecular gut content analysis detected only a small proportion of predators that had fed on D. suzukii, overall predation seemed sufficient to reduce D. suzukii populations, in particular in hedges that provide few host fruit resources.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Responses by Stored-Product Arthropods to Individual or Blends of Microbially Produced Volatile Cues

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Marco A. Ponce ◽  
Tania N. Kim ◽  
William R. Morrison III
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Cues ◽  
Neutral Effect

Microbes are ubiquitous and play important ecological roles in a variety of habitats. While research has been largely focused on arthropods and microbes separately in the post-harvest supply chain, less attention has been paid to their interactions with each other. Up to this point, there has been no attempt to systematically describe the patterns of behavioral responses by stored-product insects to microbially produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). Thus, our aims were to evaluate whether stored-product arthropods were primarily and significantly attracted, repelled, or had a net neutral effect (e.g., unaffected or mixed) by MVOCs presented as (1) complex headspace blends or (2) single constituents and known mixtures. In total, we found 43 articles that contained 384 sets of tests with different combinations of methodology and/or qualitative findings, describing the behavioral responses of 24 stored-product arthropod species from two classes, four orders, and 14 families to 58 individual microbial compounds and the complex headspace blends from at least 78 microbial taxa. A total of five and four stored-product arthropod species were significantly attracted and repelled by MVOCs across odor sources, respectively, while 13 were unaffected or exhibited mixed effects. We summarize the biases in the literature, including that the majority of tests have occurred in the laboratory with a limited subset of methodology and has largely only assessed the preference of adult arthropods. Finally, we identify foundational hypotheses for the roles that MVOCs play for stored-product arthropods as well as gaps in research and future directions, while highlighting that the behavioral responses to MVOCs are complex, context-, and taxon-dependent, which warrants further investigation.

Insect–Plant Interactions: A Multilayered Relationship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Sharma ◽  
Praful Ashokrao Malthankar ◽  
Vartika Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Plant Interaction ◽  
Morphological Defense

Abstract During herbivory, insects recognize their host plant based on specific chemical cues, whereas the plants induce various chemical and morphological defense responses to resist this attack. However, the seemingly bidirectional insect–plant interaction involves various confounding aspects that influence the performance and fitness of the two participants. These interactions are often mediated by associated microbiota, competitors, predators, and parasitoids that interact in either obligate or facultative manner. Insect endosymbionts play a crucial role in the perception, nutrition, metabolism as well as reproduction of their host, which together determine its survival and fitness on the plant. Endosymbionts also help their host to overcome plant defenses by detoxifying plant metabolites. On the contrary, plant-associated microbes contribute in induced systemic plant resistance by enhancing chemical and morphological defense. These interactions determine the association of insect and plant, not only with the high trophic levels but also with the ecosystem as a whole. Thus, insect–plant interaction is a multilayered relationship extending to various micro- and macro-organisms associated either temporally or spatially. All these relationships may be considered to obtain a wholesome perspective of the natural environment.

scholarly journals Persistence of a Yeast-Based (Hanseniaspora uvarum) Attract-and-Kill Formulation against Drosophila suzukii on Grape Leaves

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Flavia Bianchi ◽  
Urban Spitaler ◽  
Irene Castellan ◽  
Carlo S. Cossu ◽  
Timothy Brigadoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Hanseniaspora Uvarum ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Attract And Kill ◽  
Over Time

The production of phagostimulant and attractive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by yeasts can be exploited to improve the efficacy of attract-and-kill formulations against the spotted wing drosophila (SWD). This study evaluated the persistence over one week of a yeast-based formulation under greenhouse conditions. Potted grape plants were treated with: (i) potato dextrose broth (PDB), (ii) PDB containing spinosad (PDB + S), and (iii) H. uvarum fermentation broth grown on PDB containing spinosad (H. u. + S). Laboratory trials were performed to determine the survival and the oviposition rate of SWD after exposure to treated leaves. Ion-exchange chromatography was performed to measure carbohydrates, sugar alcohols, and organic acids on leaf surfaces, while amino acids were assessed through liquid chromatography–mass-spectrometry. Additionally, the VOCs released by plants treated with H.uvarum were collected via closed-loop-stripping analysis and compared to those emitted by untreated leaves. A higher mortality was observed for adult SWDs in contact with H. uvarum containing spinosad compared to PDB containing spinosad. Generally, a decrease in the amounts of non-volatile compounds was observed over time, though numerous nutrients were still present one week after treatment. The application of the yeast-based formulation induced the emission of VOCs by the treated leaves. The concentration of 2-phenylethanol, one of the main VOCs emitted by yeasts, decreased over time. These findings describe the presence of potential phagostimulants and compounds attractive to SWD in a yeast-based attract-and-kill formulation and demonstrate the efficacy of the formulation over one week.

Biological control of Drosophila suzukii.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (054) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-eng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is native to East Asia but has widely established in the Americas and Europe, where it is a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruits. It has a wide host range and these non-crop habitats harbor the fly which then repeatedly reinvades crop fields. Biological control in non-crop habitats could be the cornerstone for sustainable management at the landscape level. Toward this goal, researchers have developed or investigated biological control tactics. We review over 100 studies, conducted in the Americas, Asia and Europe on natural enemies of D. suzukii. Two previous reviews provided an overview of potential natural enemies and detailed accounts on foreign explorations. Here, we provide an up-to-date list of known or evaluated parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens (pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses) and summarize research progress to date. We emphasize a systematic approach toward the development of biological control strategies that can stand alone or be combined with more conventional control tools. Finally, we propose a framework for the integrated use of biological control tools, from classical biological control with host-specific Asian parasitoids, to augmentative and conservation biological control with indigenous natural enemies, to the use of entomopathogens. This review provides a roadmap to foster the use of biological control tools in more sustainable D. suzukii control programs.

Modulation of feed composition is able to make hens less attractive to the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine El Adouzi ◽  
Alfonsina Arriaga-Jiménez ◽  
Laurent Dormont ◽  
Nicolas Barthes ◽  
Agathe Labalette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After

AbstractThe poultry red mite (PRM) is an obligatory haematophagous pest that causes substantial economic losses in poultry worldwide. The PRM does not live on the host but in the bird's environment and must find its host remotely. Hence, manipulating chicken odours is of interest. Several crude plant-originating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have already been shown as repellent to Dermanyssus gallinae. We aimed to test whether these VOCs can interfere with PRM host-seeking behaviour by their oral administration to the poultry. The objectives were to determine (1) if hen odours are modified by supplemented feed ingestion and (2) if such treatment makes hens less attractive to the PRM. Chemical characterization by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of the hen odour was conducted before and after the hens ingested the supplemented feed. The chromatograms obtained show that hen odour was substantially modified after the hens consumed it. Among the molecules recurrently detected from the supplemented hens, 26% were nearly absent in the unsupplemented hens. Behavioural choice tests to compare the effect of the modified and unmodified-host odours on the PRM show that some of the plant-originating emitted VOCs and the modified whole-hen odours were repellent to the PRM.

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF BEMISIA TABACI (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) TOWARDS METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VOLATILES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Md. Touhidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Treated Plant

The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral response of Bemisia tabaci towards Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates PR1 and GT3) volatiles. Behavioral response of B. tabaci was investigated based on adult feeding and oviposition preference in eggplant Solanum melongena L. The highest mean number of adult (87) and egg (418) of B. tabaci were observed in the control plant, while the lowest mean number of adult (26) and egg (107) of B. tabaci were deposited in the PR1-treated plant. There were 8 and 5 compounds identified from the isolates PR1 and GT3, respectively. The highest amount of compounds of 1-Hydroxy-2-aminopropane (61.96%) and 1, 4-Dioxane-2-ol (54.18%) were released by PR1 and GT3 respectively. The results obtained so far revealed that whitefly avoided the eggplants provided with cultures of the M. anisopliae isolates emanating the volatile organic compounds and suitability largely depended upon the volatile profile.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds on animal farms

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ciganek ◽  
J. Neca
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

More than one hundred volatile organic substances were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the indoor and outdoor air, stable and farm road dust and farm soil samples from two pig and cattle farms in the South Moravian Region. Volatile fatty acids (acetic, propanoic, butanoic and pentanoic acids) and their esters dominated along with aldehydes (butanal, pentanal and hexanal) and 4-methylphenol in the indoor and outdoor air samples. Road dust and soil samples contained mainly volatile aromatic compounds (toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene and xylenes), aliphatic hydrocarbons (largely n-alkanes), dichloromethane and carbon disulphide. The health risks associated with particular volatile compounds detected in the indoor and outdoor samples from the farms need to be assessed.

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