scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF BEMISIA TABACI (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) TOWARDS METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VOLATILES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Md. Touhidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Treated Plant

The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral response of Bemisia tabaci towards Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates PR1 and GT3) volatiles. Behavioral response of B. tabaci was investigated based on adult feeding and oviposition preference in eggplant Solanum melongena L. The highest mean number of adult (87) and egg (418) of B. tabaci were observed in the control plant, while the lowest mean number of adult (26) and egg (107) of B. tabaci were deposited in the PR1-treated plant. There were 8 and 5 compounds identified from the isolates PR1 and GT3, respectively. The highest amount of compounds of 1-Hydroxy-2-aminopropane (61.96%) and 1, 4-Dioxane-2-ol (54.18%) were released by PR1 and GT3 respectively. The results obtained so far revealed that whitefly avoided the eggplants provided with cultures of the M. anisopliae isolates emanating the volatile organic compounds and suitability largely depended upon the volatile profile.

scholarly journals The Role of Soil Amendments on Population Dynamics of Insect Pests, Growth Parameters and Yield of Eggplant, Solanum melongena (L.) Moench

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
P. K. Baidoo ◽  
M. B. Mochiah ◽  
D. Asare ◽  
A. A. Sefah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Loss of soil fertility as a result of continuous cropping on the same piece of land has necessitated the need to improve soil fertility for better crop yields. Inorganic and organic fertilizers have been used to improve soil fertility, however, excessive use of soil amendments improve vegetative growth of plants thereby attracting large numbers of insect pests. Cow dung and poultry droppings were used as soil amendments in a field experiment using eggplant Solanum melongena. The effects of these organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and a control where there was no application of soil amendment in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Parameters studied were pests’ and their numbers, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth and yield. The major insect pests identified on the plant were Bemisia tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Leucinodes orbonalis and Eublemma olivacea. Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii scores were significantly larger on cow dung and poultry manure plots. Leucinodes orbonalis and Eublemma olivacea numbers were not significantly different on the treated and control plots. Mean plant height, number of leaves and yield differed significantly among the soil amended plots. Even though soil amendments improve the nutrient content of the soil and the yield of crops it could lead to increase in pests numbers and damage caused to plants.

Metode Penularan Massal untuk Uji Penapisan Ketahanan Cabai Mutan terhadap Begomovirus

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Redy Gaswanto ◽  
Muhammad Syukur ◽  
B S Purwoko ◽  
S H Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Solanum Melongena

<p>Hasil iradiasi sinar gamma pada benih lima genotipe cabai telah menghasilkan populasi mutan M2 yang harus diuji ketahanannya terhadap infeksi Begomovirus menggunakan serangga vektor Bemisia tabaci. Keefektifan metode penularan secara individu lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode penularan massal, namun jika uji penapisan diaplikasikan untuk suatu populasi yang besar maka metode yang cocok adalah penularan massal. Penelitian bertujuan (1) mendapatkan metode penularan massal yang keefektifannya sama dengan metode penularan individu, (2) mengetahui tanaman inang yang cocok untuk perbanyakan serangga vektor B. tabaci, (3) mengetahui tingkat ketahanan cabai genotipe M<br />hasil iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap infeksi Begomovirus, dan (4) mengetahui perbedaan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman dari genotipe M2 dan genotipe tetua M2 saat terinfeksi Begomovirus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kasa dan Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2013. Kajian penularan massal menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiap perlakuan diulang lima kali, sedangkan kajian jenis tanaman inang untuk perbanyakan imago B. tabaci menggunakan rancangan yang sama diulang empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman terung ungu (Solanum melongena) dan kapas (Gossypium hirsutum) cocok dijadikan sebagai tanaman inang dalam usaha perbanyakan serangga vektor B. tabaci. Penggunaan vektor B. tabaci dalam kondisi viruliferous (masa akuisisi 48 jam) dengan jumlah sekitar 20–30 ekor dalam satu kotak sungkup kain kasa dapat digunakan sebagai metode penularan massal untuk populasi 50 bibit tanaman cabai (kondisi 2–4 daun sejati) dengan keefektifan setara dengan metode penularan secara individu. Rerata dari 195 individu cabai genotipe Kencana M2 dan SSP M2 masuk dalam kategori tahan dan agak tahan terhadap infeksi Begomovirus, sedangkan rerata dari 195 individu cabai genotipe Seloka M2, Lembang-1 M2, dan Tanjung-2 M2 masuk dalam kategori rentan-agak rentan. Perubahan karakter kuantitatif dari pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pada lima genotipe M2 jauh lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan genotipe tetua M2 saat terinfeksi Begomovirus.</p><p><br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Only the B biotype of Bemisia tabaci is present on vegetables in São Paulo State, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Gonçales Rocha ◽  
Julio Massaharu Marubayashi ◽  
Jesús Navas-Castillo ◽  
Valdir Atsushi Yuki ◽  
Carlos Frederico Wilcken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Biotype B

Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) is one of the most important pests in cultivated areas of vegetables and ornamental crops around the world. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidize I (mtCOI) sequence, there is evidence that B. tabaci should be considered a cryptic species complex of 11 groups containing 24 species. Two of the groups, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 and Mediterranean include biotypes B and Q, respectively. In this study we evaluated the mtCOI sequence of B. tabaci populations collected in sites of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Using PCR-RFLP with Taq I, a typical biotype B profile was obtained for all specimens. Based on the comparison with mtCOI reference sequences we found four haplotypes all belonging to the Middle East-Asia Minor 1. They occurred in the hosts pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and cucurbitaceae plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Spices on the Formation of VOCs in Roasted Mutton Based on GC-MS and Principal Component Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jiapei Xi ◽  
Ping Zhan ◽  
Honglei Tian ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Chinese Prickly Ash

Peppertree prickly ash, Amomum tsao-ko, cumin, and ginger have long been used in Asian countries to modify the flavor and to partially neutralize any unpleasant odors present in roast lamb. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in the amount of volatile components present in roast lamb compared to meat added with peppertree prickly ash, Amomum tsao-ko, cumin, and ginger. Principal component analysis was carried out on the 27 initially selected from 88 volatile substances, and 15 substances with a projection of more than 0.25 in the load matrix were used as indicators to study the different contents in roasted mutton and lamb prepared by adding peppertree prickly ash, Amomum tsao-ko, cumin, and ginger. The types of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) detected in roast meat without adding spices were the least. Roast meat with the addition of cumin leads to the strongest content of aldehydes, followed by the addition of Amomum tsao-ko. Additionally, roast meat with the addition of Chinese prickly ash leads to the strongest content of terpenes, followed by the addition of ginger. Moreover, with the addition of spices, the content of volatiles responsible for the presence of a mutton odor (such as hexanal, heptanal, pentanal, (z)-4-decenal, benzaldehyde, p-propyl-anisole, and dimethyl ether) was not significantly decreased, and in fact some volatiles increased in amount such as pentanal, hexanal, octanal, and (z)-4-decenal. In conclusion, the effect of addition of spices on the volatile profile of roasted mutton and lamb can be attributed to the generation of flavor volatiles mainly derived from raw spices’ hot action, with few additional volatiles formed during boiling.

scholarly journals Endophytic Isolates of Cordyceps fumosorosea to Enhance the Growth of Solanum melongena and Reduce the Survival of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Tingfei Sun ◽  
Zhang Shen ◽  
Mobeen Shaukat ◽  
Cailian Du ◽  
Shaukat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study reports the effects of seed treatment with Cordyceps fumosorosea on seed germination, growth, colonization of eggplant (Solanum melongena), and growth of Bemisia tabaci (feeding on fungal colonized eggplant leaves). Germination rates of eggplant seeds were similar among different treatments. The growth parameters such as root length, shoot length, and number of leaves) differed significantly after 15, 30, and 60 days of seed treatment. The total dry weight of eggplant in response to treatment with C. fumosorosea isolates increased significantly when compared with the control. Both isolates of C. fumosorosea colonized different plant tissues, although the extent of colonization decreased during the experimental period. The colonization of eggplants by both C. fumosorosea isolates resulted in a significant reduction of B. tabaci incidence. This study possibly provides the first report of increased plant growth and increased insect mortality in eggplants inoculated with C. fumosorosea isolates.

scholarly journals PENGARUH 6-BENZILAMINOPURIN (BAP) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN LAPISAN PEMISAH (ZONA ABSISI) PADA TANGKAI KUNTUM BUNGA KACANG HIJAU, VIGNA RADIATA (L.) Wilczek VARITAS WALET

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mrs Kusdianti ◽  
Trimurti H. Wardini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Abscission Layer ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Treated Plant

The effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on separation layer formation of mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. walet was carried out. The objective was to know the effect of BAP on separation layer formation. The experiment was done by spraying the first inflorescent with 8 x 10-4 M BAP three days before and three days after the fifth flower was anthesis. Samples of flower pedicellus were taken three days before dan three days after fifth flower was bloom. Then they were fixed and processed for anatomical observation by preparing histological slides accoding to O’Brien and Horner (1981). The result show that in control plant, two days before the fifth flower started to anthesis, cells of the abscission zone started to be activated to form separation layer. It was initiated by cell division within the adaxial edge and progressing inward across the cortex to the vascular strands. Abscission layer was completed at the time or a day after the fifth flower was anthesis. No histological changes observed in with 8 x 10-4 M BAP treated plant. No abscission layer were recorded for the pedicels treated plant during the course of the experimentKey word : 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), abscission zone, pedicel

scholarly journals Differing Effects of Cabbage Defense Responses Induced by MEAM1 and MED Cryptic Species of Bemisia Tabaci on Later-Arriving Conspecifics and Heterospecifics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjun Zhang ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Jintian Lu ◽  
Nina Yang ◽  
Baiming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Induced Defense Responses

Abstract Two cryptic species of the Bemisia tabaci species complex, MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1) and MED (Mediterranean), are highly destructive herbivores. Attack by herbivorous insects often induces defense responses in plants, including the accumulation of toxic secondary metabolites, the synthesis of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and defensive proteins, and the release of volatile organic compounds that attract natural enemies. These defense responses, which often differ depending on the herbivore, may affect the preference and performance of later-arriving con- and heterospecific whiteflies that attack the same plant. In the present study, we found that MEAM1 whiteflies preferred settling and ovipositing on non-infested and MED-infested cabbage over MEAM1-infested cabbage plants, but that MED whiteflies showed no significant difference in settling or oviposition preference among non-infested, MEAM1-infested, and MED-infested plants. MEAM1 infestation increased the contents of total phenols and flavonoids in cabbage, which coincided with the increased expression of the following genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway: PAL2, C4H, and 4CL1. Soluble protein contents were also markedly higher in the MEAM1-infested cabbage plants than in the non-infested and MED-infested cabbage plants. Overall, these results demonstrate that previous infestation by MEAM1 and MED whiteflies induced defense responses in cabbage plants that had different effects on the host preference and performance of later-arriving con- and heterospecific whiteflies. Phenolic compounds may be the key factors influencing host choice by MEAM1 and MED whiteflies on cabbage plants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Endophytic Burkholderia cenocepacia ETR-B22 by SPME-GC-MS and Their Inhibitory Activity against Various Plant Fungal Pathogens

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Jian-Hua Chen ◽  
Wei Xiang ◽  
Ke-Xin Cao ◽  
Xuan Lu ◽  
Shao-Chang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Nonanoic Acid ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Volatile Organic

The use of antagonistic microorganisms and their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control plant fungal pathogens is an eco-friendly and promising substitute for chemical fungicides. In this work, endophytic bacterium ETR-B22, isolated from the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., was found to exhibit strong antagonistic activity against 12 fungal pathogens found in agriculture. Strain ETR-B22 was identified as Burkholderia cenocepacia based on 16S rRNA and recA sequences. We evaluated the antifungal activity of VOCs emitted by ETR-B22. The VOCs from strain ETR-B22 also showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against 12 fungal pathogens. The composition of the volatile profiles was analyzed based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Different extraction strategies for the SPME process significantly affected the extraction efficiency of the VOCs. Thirty-two different VOCs were identified. Among the VOC of ETR-B22, dimethyl trisulfide, indole, methyl anthranilate, methyl salicylate, methyl benzoate, benzyl propionate, benzyl acetate, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, allyl benzyl ether and nonanoic acid showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity, and are key inhibitory compounds produced by strain ETR-B22 against various fungal pathogens. Our results suggest that the endophytic strain ETR-B22 and its VOCs have high potential for use as biological controls of plant fungal pathogens.

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