scholarly journals Gender Difference Analysis of Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinomas’s Attack Rate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Zhuang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Hongqian Guo ◽  
Weidong Gan ◽  
Chunni Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Gene Translocation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Xp11.2 Translocation

Abstract Background Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is recently recognized. As Xp11.2 tRCC involved gene translocation and fusion in X chromosome and the number of X chromosomes in female is twice of male, we wondered whether the gender difference of attack rate is consistent with the proportion of the X chromosome. Methods In the present paper, meta-analysis was performed to find out the difference of morbidity between male and female. Results 9 studies with 209 cases calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) and ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for attack rate of Xp11.2 RCC with different gender. The result showed that the attack rate of female was higher than that of male with pooled OR of 2.84 (95% CI = 1.48–5.45), while the rate rises even further in adult (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.19–5.18). In other types of common kidney cancer, the OR value is less than 1, which means that the incidence of female is lower than that of male. Conclusions The result showed that the incidence rate of female patients is much higher than that of male patients with Xp11.2 tRCC, it was reasonable to indicate that this particular incidence rate is related to the X chromosome.

scholarly journals Gender Difference Analysis of Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinomas’s Attack Rate: a meta-analysis and systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Zhuang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Hongqian Guo ◽  
Weidong Gan ◽  
Chunni Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Gene Translocation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Xp11.2 Translocation

Abstract Background: Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is recently recognized. As Xp11.2 tRCC involved gene translocation and fusion in X chromosome and the number of X chromosomes in female is twice of male, we wondered whether the gender difference of attack rate is consistent with the proportion of the X chromosome. Methods: In the present paper, meta-analysis was performed to find out the difference of morbidity between male and female. Results: 9 studies with 209 cases calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) and ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for attack rate of Xp11.2 RCC with different gender. The result showed that the attack rate of female was higher than that of male with pooled OR of 2.84 (95 % CI = 1.48–5.45), while the rate rises even further in adult (OR =3.37, 95 % CI =2.19–5.18). In other types of common kidney cancer, the OR value is less than 1, which means that the incidence of female is lower than that of male.Conclusions: The result showed that the incidence rate of female patients is much higher than that of male patients with Xp11.2 tRCC, it was reasonable to indicate that this particular incidence rate is related to the X chromosome.

scholarly journals Sex and death: from cell fate specification to dynamic control of X-chromosome structure and gene expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (22) ◽  
pp. 2616-2621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Developmental Decision

Determining sex is a binary developmental decision that most metazoans must make. Like many organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans specifies sex (XO male or XX hermaphrodite) by tallying X-chromosome number. We dissected this precise counting mechanism to determine how tiny differences in concentrations of signals are translated into dramatically different developmental fates. Determining sex by counting chromosomes solved one problem but created another—an imbalance in X gene products. We found that nematodes compensate for the difference in X-chromosome dose between sexes by reducing transcription from both hermaphrodite X chromosomes. In a surprising feat of evolution, X-chromosome regulation is functionally related to a structural problem of all mitotic and meiotic chromosomes: achieving ordered compaction of chromosomes before segregation. We showed the dosage compensation complex is a condensin complex that imposes a specific three-­dimensional architecture onto hermaphrodite X chromosomes. It also triggers enrichment of histone modification H4K20me1. We discovered the machinery and mechanism underlying H4K20me1 enrichment and demonstrated its pivotal role in regulating higher-order X-chromosome structure and gene expression.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of ketamine for prevention of postanesthetic shivering: a systematic review and meta analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Yuan Han ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Hui-Lian Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Postanesthetic Shivering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prophylactic Use

Abstract Background Postanesthetic shivering is a common complication of anesthesia, which accounts for much discomfort in postoperative patients and may increase postoperative complications in high-risk patients. Due to the lack of high-quality evidence, it is difficult to draw a conclusion about optimal anti-shivering medication. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze and evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of ketamine for preventing postanesthetic shivering. Methods We searched the following databases: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails for randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome observed was the difference of the incidence rate of postanesthetic shivering between ketamine group and placebo group. The secondary outcomes were the sedation score and incidence of the side effects caused by ketamine and any other drugs utilized in the studies. Results In this meta-analysis, we analyzed a total of 16 trials including 1485 patients. Ketamine reduced the incidence rate of postanesthetic shivering compared to a placebo (odds ratio [OR]: 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06 to 0.26, P<0.01). Regarding side effects, there was no evident variability of the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Usage of ketamine was associated with a lower rate of hypotension and bradycardia when compared to a placebo. Hallucinations were more frequently observed in patients who received higher doses of ketamine. No significant difference was found in the incidence of postanesthetic shivering with ketamine versus other pharmacological interventions. Conclusions Ketamine can prevent postanesthetic shivering without severe side effects. However, ketamine shows no advantage over other anti-shivering drugs.

scholarly journals The Difference in Prognosis between Renal Sinus Fat and Perinephric Fat Invasion for pT3a Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiling Zhang ◽  
Chunping Yu ◽  
Liliya Velet ◽  
Yonghong Li ◽  
Lijuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Renal Sinus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Renal Sinus Fat ◽  
Perinephric Fat

scholarly journals X-Chromosome inactivation in healthy females: incidence of excessive lyonization with age and comparison of assays involving DNA methylation and transcript polymorphisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed El Kassar ◽  
Gilles Hetet ◽  
Jean Brière ◽  
Bernard Grandchamp
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Healthy Females

Abstract Skewed lyonization in healthy females represents the major disadvantage of X-chromosome-based clonality assays. Because most techniques are based on the difference in DNA methylation between active and inactive X-chromosomes, incomplete DNA digestion may occur, giving an unreliable clonality result. Here, we compare two different techniques carried out in healthy females belonging to three age groups and in a group of patients with essential thrombocythemia. The first technique involved the human androgen receptor gene, the second the transcript analysis of the iduronate-2-sulfatase, P55, and glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase genes. Results between both techniques were concordant in most cases except in neonates, and the same pattern was observed in all fractions in healthy females. We conclude that: (a) clonality assays involving DNA and RNA polymorphisms are usually concordant except in neonates; (b) appropriate control tissue embryologically related to the sample must be chosen to eliminate excessive lyonization; (c) acquired skewing increases with age, whereas nonrandom lyonization is a rare phenomenon.

scholarly journals Gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Eranti ◽  
J. H. MacCabe ◽  
H. Bundy ◽  
R. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundMost studies reporting the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia show an earlier onset in males, but vary considerably in their estimates of the difference. This may be due to variations in study design, setting and diagnostic criteria. In particular, several studies conducted in developing countries have found no difference or a reversed effect whereby females have an earlier onset. The aim of the study was to investigate gender differences in age of onset, and the impact of study design and setting on estimates thereof.MethodStudy methods were a systematic literature search, meta-analysis and meta-regression.ResultsA total of 46 studies with 29218 males and 19402 females fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were entered into a meta-analysis. A random-effects model gave a pooled estimate of the gender difference of 1.07 years (95% confidence interval 0.21–1.93) for age at first admission of schizophrenia, with males having earlier onset. The gender difference in age at onset was not significantly different between developed and developing countries. Studies using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria showed a significantly greater gender difference in age at onset than studies using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) criteria, the latter showing no difference.ConclusionsThe gender difference in age of onset in schizophrenia is smaller than previously thought, and appears absent in studies using ICD. There is no evidence that the gender difference differs between developed and developing countries.

Use of Censored Data to Monitor Surgical-Site Infections

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Thibon ◽  
J. J. Parienti ◽  
F. Borgey ◽  
A. Le Prieur ◽  
C. Bernet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Oral Communications ◽  
The Difference

Objective:To take into account the proportion of patients lost to follow-up when calculating surgical-site infection (SSI) rates.Design:A multicenter SSI monitoring network in Basse-Normandie, France, using the definitions for SSI of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Patients:Between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 1999, 3,705 patients were operated on in 25 units of 10 institutions.Results:Of the patients, 41.2% (range, 5.1% to 95.5%) were seen 30 days or more after their operation. The global SSI attack rate was 2.19% (95% confidence interval, 1.72% to 2.66%). With the use of the Kaplan–Meier method, the incidence rate was 3.11% (95% confidence interval, 3.06% to 3.16%). The difference between the attack rate and the Kaplan–Meier incidence rate for each unit varied according to the percentage of patients seen on or after day 30 postoperatively and the number of SSIs diagnosed in patients seen on or after day 30.Conclusions:Practice guidelines are needed for the international monitoring for postdischarge SSIs and the calculation of SSI rates. The proportion of patients seen 30 days after their operation is a major quality criterion for SSI monitoring and should be routinely given in monitoring reports, oral communications, and publications to compare results obtained by different teams.

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