scholarly journals Expired Probiotics: What is Really in Your Cabinet?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Wilcox ◽  
Charles Carr ◽  
Shannon Seney ◽  
Gregor Reid ◽  
Jeremy Burton
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Expiration Time ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Background: The popularity of using probiotics has surged, since they became widely accepted as safe and help improve general health. Inevitably, some of these products are used after expiration when microbial cell viability is below the recommended effective dose. Given that probiotics are live microorganisms administered in adequate amounts, the aim of this study was to measure viability in expired products and assess how packaging and storage conditions impact efficacy, if at all.Results: Thirty-three expired probiotic products were evaluated, of which 26 were stored in conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The viable microbial counts were enumerated and representative isolates identified by 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing. While the products had a mean past expiration time of 11.32 (1 to 22) years, 22 still had viable contents, and 5 were within or above the original product cell count claim. Product formulation, and number of species present did not appear to impact the stability of the products. However, overall packaging type, storage conditions and time since expiry were found to affect viability. All products with viable cells had the strain stipulated on the label.Conclusion: Despite some selected probiotic products retaining viability long past their expiry date (indicating long term storage is possible), the total counts were mostly well below that required for efficacious use as recommended by the manufacturer. Consuming expired probiotics may not yield the benefits for which they were designed.

scholarly journals Expired probiotics: what is really in your cabinet?

FEMS Microbes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Wilcox ◽  
Charles Carr ◽  
Shannon Seney ◽  
Gregor Reid ◽  
Jeremy P Burton
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Expiration Time ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The popularity of using probiotics has surged, since they became widely accepted as safe and help improve general health. Inevitably, some of these products are used after expiration when microbial cell viability is below the recommended effective dose. Given that probiotics must be live microorganisms administered in adequate amounts, the aim of this study was to measure viability in expired products and assess how packaging and storage conditions impact efficacy, if at all. Thirty-three expired probiotic products were evaluated, of which 26 were stored in conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The viable microbial cells were enumerated and representative isolates identified by 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing. While the products had a mean past expiration time of 11.32 (1 to 22) years, 22 still had viable contents, and 5 were within or above the original product cell count claim. Product formulation, and the number of species present did not appear to impact the stability of the products. However, overall packaging type, storage conditions and time since expiry were found to affect viability. All products with viable cells had the strain stipulated on the label. Despite some selected probiotic products retaining viability past their expiry date (indicating long term storage is possible), the total counts were mostly well below that required for efficacious use as recommended by the manufacturer. Consuming expired probiotics may not yield the benefits for which they were designed.

Occurrence of bacteria with technological and probiotic potential in Argentinian human breast-milk

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oddi ◽  
A. Binetti ◽  
P. Burns ◽  
A. Cuatrin ◽  
J. Reinheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Breast milk can be a source of potential probiotic bacteria, but the technological capacity of isolates obtained from this source is not always guaranteed. We aimed at isolating lactobacilli from breast milk samples collected in Argentina, focusing on isolates with functional and technological potential as probiotics. Fourteen Lactobacillus and one Bifidobacterium isolates were obtained from 164 samples donated by 104 mothers. The isolates preliminarily identified by MALDI-TOF, and then the identity was confirmed by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Hydrophobicity was determined (hexadecane and xylene partition). The strains were also co-cultured with murine RAW 264.7 macrophages for screening the capacity to induce the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. Hydrophobicity ranged from 7.4 and 95.9%. The strains Lactobacillus gasseri (70a and 70c) and Lactobacillus plantarum (73a and 73b) were the strains with a higher capacity to induce IL-10 production by macrophages. The technological application was evaluated by freezing dried in 10% lactose or 10% polydextrose. The survival was assessed after accelerated (37 °C, 4 weeks) or long-term (5 and 25 °C, 12 months) storage. Except for Lactobacillus gallinarum 94d, strains lost less than 1 Log10 order cfu/g after long-term (12 months) storage at 5 °C in lactose and polydextrose as protectants. A low correlation between survival to accelerated and long-term storage tests was observed. L. gasseri (70a and 70c) and L. plantarum (73a and 73b) deserve further studies as potential probiotics due to their capacity to induce IL-10 from murine macrophages and their hydrophobicity. In special, L. plantarum 73a was able to confer enhanced protection against Salmonella infection by promoting the immunity of the small intestine.

scholarly journals Changes of salivary biomarkers under different storage conditions: effects of temperature and length of storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Barranco ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
Damián Escribano ◽  
Fernando Tecles ◽  
José J Cerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Storage

Introduction: In this report, we aimed to examine the stability of various analytes in saliva under different storage conditions. Materials and methods: Alpha-amylase (AMY), cholinesterase (CHE), lipase (Lip), total esterase (TEA), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), lactate (Lact), adenosine deaminase (ADA), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability (FRAS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), uric acid (UA), catalase (CAT), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were colorimetrically measured in saliva obtained by passive drool from 12 healthy voluntary donors at baseline and after 3, 6, 24, 72 hours, 7 and 14 days at room temperature (RT) and 4 ºC, and after 14 days, 1, 3 and 6 months at – 20 ºC and – 80 ºC. Results: At RT, changes appeared at 6 hours for TEA and H2O2; 24 hours for Lip, CK, ADA and CUPRAC; and 72 hours for LD, Lact, FRAS, UA and AOPP. At 4 ºC changes were observed after 6 hours for TEA and H2O2; 24 hours for Lip and CUPRAC; 72 hours for CK; and 7 days for LD, FRAS and UA. At – 20 ºC changes appeared after 14 days for AST, Lip, CK and LD; and 3 months for TEA and H2O2. At – 80 ºC observed changes were after 3 months for TEA and H2O2. Conclusions: In short-term storage, the analytes were more stable at 4 ºC than at room temperature, whereas in long-term storage they were more stable at - 80 ºC than at – 20 ºC.

scholarly journals Improved Stability of a Model IgG3 by DoE-Based Evaluation of Buffer Formulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany K. Chavez ◽  
Cyrus D. Agarabi ◽  
Erik K. Read ◽  
Michael T. Boyne II ◽  
Mansoor A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Storage Buffer

Formulating appropriate storage conditions for biopharmaceutical proteins is essential for ensuring their stability and thereby their purity, potency, and safety over their shelf-life. Using a model murine IgG3 produced in a bioreactor system, multiple formulation compositions were systematically explored in a DoE design to optimize the stability of a challenging antibody formulation worst case. The stability of the antibody in each buffer formulation was assessed by UV/VIS absorbance at 280 nm and 410 nm and size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SEC) to determine overall solubility, opalescence, and aggregate formation, respectively. Upon preliminary testing, acetate was eliminated as a potential storage buffer due to significant visible precipitate formation. An additional 24full factorial DoE was performed that combined the stabilizing effect of arginine with the buffering capacity of histidine. From this final DoE, an optimized formulation of 200 mM arginine, 50 mM histidine, and 100 mM NaCl at a pH of 6.5 was identified to substantially improve stability under long-term storage conditions and after multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Thus, our data highlights the power of DoE based formulation screening approaches even for challenging monoclonal antibody molecules.

Human plasma stability during handling and storage: impact on NMR metabolomics

The Analyst ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 1168-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Pinto ◽  
M. Rosário M. Domingues ◽  
Eulália Galhano ◽  
Cristina Pita ◽  
Maria do Céu Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Plasma Composition ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The stability of human plasma composition was investigated by NMR, considering different collection tubes, time at room temperature (RT), short- and long-term storage conditions and up to 5 consecutive freeze–thaw cycles.

scholarly journals Investigation of stability of intrauterine aerosol preparation “Yodozol”

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
R. M. Sachuk ◽  
O. A. Katsaraba
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Aerosol Preparation ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Storage

For standardization, quality control, study of stability and establishment of storage conditions and terms of use, complex preclinical trials of the new development of PE “Biopharm” and the Experimental Station of Epizootology IVM NAAN – aerosol preparation “Yodozol” have been carried out. The methods of evaluation of a medicinal product applied to aerosols are used, which include: determination of changes in appearance, inspection of packaging for leakproofness, measurement of the percentage of contents of the package, the establishment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of active substances, and also the study of microbiological purity of the product. “Yodozol” is a light yellow liquid, 1 ml of which contains 5 mg of iodine and 10 mg of potassium iodide. The drug is used for the prevention and treatment of postnatal intrauterine infections in cows, pigs, sheep and goats (endometritis, pyrometers, cervicitis, vaginitis, delayed digestion caused by microorganisms sensitive to iodine), after obstetrics aid, cesarean section and postpartum sanitation of the uterus. The drug has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, improves the proliferative processes of the genital organs, reduces the time for recovery of animals. The drug is used according to the guidelines, after its production livestock is used without restrictions. The shelf-life, which is the result of the test of the dasg according to the «stability» indicator, has been determined, which was performed under long-term storage in a place protected from light at a temperature range from + 5 ± 2 °С to + 25 ± 2 °С. The studies conducted after 6, 12, 24 and 30 months showed complete compliance of the quality indices with the declared standards when stored for 24 months in the temperature corridor from + 5 °C to + 20 °C. With an increase in storage temperature to + 25 °C or more, a slight quantitative decrease in the concentration of antimicrobial components occurred. In addition, with long-term storage of drugs, release of the contents from the cylinder became uneven and foam acquired a shade less than the saturation rate, increased microbiological contamination. Thus, according to the results of the study, the established shelf life of the preparation is 2 years at the recommended storage temperature from +5 to           +20 °С. All studies conducted on the stability of the aerosol intrauterine drug “Yodozol” were included in the registration materials of the medicinal product.

scholarly journals The Stability and Efficacy of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS222) Solution After Long-Term Storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M Katz ◽  
David K Chu ◽  
Kerriann M Casey ◽  
Katechan Jampachaisri ◽  
Stephen A Felt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stock Solutions ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Tricaine Methanesulfonate

Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) is widely used for the anesthesia and euthanasia of laboratory zebrafish. Fresh solutions have been recommended for each use; however, researchers often mix and store concentrated stock solutions for convenience and to reduce occupational exposure and environmental waste. While this is common practice, published guidelines are often inconsistent. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the stability and anesthetic efficacy of MS222 after long-term storage and to develop specific storage parameters. Stock solutions (100 mg/mL MS222) were mixed and stored in amber jars at 4 °C and -20 °C for 2- and 6-mo. Stability of the solutions was analyzed using liquid chromatography-ion trapmass spectrometry and compared with fresh MS222. Fifty adult (30 male, 20 female) wildtype AB zebrafish (Danio rerio) wererandomly anesthetized with 150 mg/L of one of the following MS222 solutions to evaluate anesthetic efficacy: 1) freshly prepared(0m); 2) 2 mo at 4 °C (2m4); 3) 2 mo at -20 °C (2m-20); 4) 6 mo at 4 °C (6m4); 5) 6 mo at -20 °C (6m-20). Time to cessation of swimming, loss of equilibrium, lack of response to von Frey (VF) stimulation, return of equilibrium, and resumption of swimming were compared between groups. Two fish from each group were euthanized at 24-h and 2-wk after anesthesia, and histopathology was performed. All solutions were determined to be stable under all storage conditions. No clinically significant differences were observed between the fresh and stored stock groups during anesthetic testing. No evidence ofanesthetic-related histologic changes were noted in the gills, skin, kidneys, muscle, and central nervous system. Hepatic megalocytosis and a reduction in hepatic vacuolation were seen to varying degrees across all groups, but did not follow a treatment-related trend. Therefore, 100 mg/mL solutions of MS222 can be stored in amber jars at 4 °C or -20 °C for 6 mo and still used to effectively anesthetize zebrafish.

scholarly journals Co-encapsulation of vegetable oils with phenolic antioxidants and evaluation of their oxidative stability under long-term storage conditions

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 111033
Author(s):  
Lorine Le Priol ◽  
Justine Gmur ◽  
Aurélien Dagmey ◽  
Sandrine Morandat ◽  
Karim El Kirat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Storage on the Detection of Proteins, DNA, and mRNA in Tissue Microarray Slides

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Karlsson ◽  
Mats G. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Storage of tissue slides has been claimed to induce dramatically reduced antigen detection particularly for immunohistochemistry (IHC). With tissue microarrays, the necessity to serially cut blocks in order to obtain as much material as possible is obvious. The presumed adverse effect of storage might hamper such an approach. The authors designed an experimental setting consisting of four different storage conditions with storage time of tissue slides of up to 1 year. Detection of proteins, DNA, and mRNA was performed using IHC and in situ hybridization techniques. Slight but significant changes in IHC occurred over time. The most important factor is the primary antibody used: four showed no significant changes, whereas limited decreases in 8 antibodies could be detected by image analysis. Whether the antigen was nuclear or cytoplasmic/membranous did not matter. No major differences between different storage conditions could be shown, but storage at 4C was overall the best procedure. Furthermore, gene copy number aberrations, chromosomal translocations, and the presence of mRNA could be detected on slides stored up to 1 year. In conclusion, in tissues optimally formalin fixed and using modern histological techniques, only minute changes in tissue antigenicity are induced by long-term storage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-biofilm Potential of Biosurfactant Extracted from Nocardia Species

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399
Author(s):  
Ali Javadi ◽  
Mohamad Reza Pourmand ◽  
Javad Hamedi ◽  
Fatemeh Gharebaghi ◽  
Zohre Baseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Spreading Test

Introduction: Bacterial natural products such as biosurfactants and surface-active agents are important compounds which exhibit many applications in the fields of medicine.Aim: The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify Nocardia strains with high biosurfactant production and antibiofilm ability.Materials and methods: In the present study, a biosurfactant producing Nocardia species was isolated and identified by a laboratory method. Nocardia species were initially screened and then tested for their ability to produce biosurfactant. The oil spreading test and the surface tension measurements showed that one strain was a biosurfactant producer. The strain with the best surface activity results was selected for further studies and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and compositional analysis proved a biosurfactant structure.Results: Oil spreading test and blue agar plate test confirmed biosurfactants and extracellular anionic glycolipids. E24% assay using olive oil revealed strong emulsifying characteristic of the extracted biosurfactant with 100% emulsifying strength. FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbon chain (lipid) along with the polysaccharide portion, confirming the glycolipid nature of the biosurfactant. The stability of the biosurfactant produced in different conditions was significant. Increasing concentration of BS significantly inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.Conclusions: N. coubleae can be a representative of the genus Nocardia for the production of biosurfactants with beneficial physicochemical properties.

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