Investigation of Water Condensation from Humid Air and The Feasibility Analysis of its Potable Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Vidhu Agarwal ◽  
Akhilesh Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Water Condensation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Peltier Device ◽  
Condensed Water ◽  
Alternative Water

Abstract Freshwater scarcity will be one of the most challenging issues in the coming time. Atmospheric water harvesting could be a solution to such a problem in semi-arid and arid regions. This could help to fill the thirst as well as, improve irrigation. There are several methods available retrieve water vapour but research is needed for a cost-effective and efficient method with optimized parameters. This method utilizes the Peltier device for water condensation and in-depth experimental analysis has been done to investigate the optimal conditions for maximum water production from atmospheric moisture. The experimental setup was designed in such a way that during the condensation process, the online monitoring of water condensate was recorded for more than 10-12 hours each day using a digital electronic weighing balance with an accuracy of 0.01 gram. The produced water was tested for the physico-chemical parameters of condensed water, and the results were discussed with a comparison to the standard results. The rate of produced condensed water from humid air was achieved as 19 L/m2-day. This study will help us to develop applications in the field of alternative water resources near the coastal areas for potability.

Numerical Investigation of the Dropwise Condensation Process in Top of the Line Corrosion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim E. Mohamed ◽  
Harvey M. Thompson ◽  
Richard Barker
Keyword(s):  
Condensation Process ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Condensation Rate ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Iron Solubility ◽  
Water Condensation ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Condensed Water ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Many approaches have been used for modelling Top of Line Corrosion (TLC) however there are a large discrepancies between their results. One common assumption is that TLC is limited by the amount of iron that can be transported with the condensed water. This means that the TLC rate is proportional to the water condensation rate and the iron solubility in the condensed phase. Therefore, a theoretical investigation is performed into the effects of gas inlet conditions on the water condensation rate in wet gas pipeline using Fluent. Comparisons were drawn with the semi-analytical model of Zhang et al. and CFD results showing good agreement between the two. The numerical results obtained reveal quantitatively how an increased inlet gas pressure leads to reductions in the condensation rate. While increasing inlet gas temperature and velocity lead to increases in condensation rate.

scholarly journals Bi2O3 nano-flakes as a cost-effective antibacterial agent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D Geoffrion ◽  
David Medina Cruz ◽  
Matthew Kusper ◽  
Sakr Elsaidi ◽  
Fumiya Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bismuth Compound ◽  
Photo Catalysis ◽  
Physico Chemical

Bismuth oxide is an important bismuth compound having applications in electronics, photo-catalysis and medicine. At the nanoscale, bismuth oxide experiences a variety of new physico-chemical properties because of its increased...

Analysis of Water Transport in the Vicinity of Micro-Porous Layer in PEFC With Freezing Method

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Aoyama ◽  
Kengo Suzuki ◽  
Yutaka Tabe ◽  
Takemi Chikahisa
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
Water Condensation ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Condensed Water ◽  
Electronic Microscope

This paper examines the role of micro porous layers (MPLs) in Polymer Electrode Fuel Cells (PEFCs) by observing the cross-sectional distribution of condensed water inside a cathode side MPL In addition, the forms of water condensation in the vicinity of a MPL are also compared between two places, under flow channels and under lands, by observing both inside the MPL and an interface between the MPL and a catalyst layer (CL). The freezing method and a cryo-scanning electronic microscope (cryo-SEM) are used for the observation. The result under the non-flooded condition shows that condensed water does not accumulate inside the MPL. This result indicates that the water produced by PEFC power generation passes through the MPL as vapor state under non-flooded conditions.

Effective Treatment of Humic Acid Foulants in SAGD Produced Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Li ◽  
Zhiwei David Yue ◽  
Xiaohong Tian ◽  
John Hazlewood
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Chemical Solution ◽  
Well Injectivity

Abstract Humic acids, one major type of organic foulants in steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) produced water, can precipitate on surface and downhole equipment in SAGD facilities, resulting in high cleaning costs, potential equipment damage and decrease of injectivity of disposal wells. In this paper, a cost-effective chemical solution is presented where an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant/chelating agent package can efficiently disperse the organic fouling molecules in SAGD produced water; therefore, the approach is expected to significantly mitigate the humic acid related fouling issues in the SAGD system. In this study, a variety of commercially available surfactant products were evaluated for their aids in well injectivity on humic acid molecules in the freshly obtained SAGD produced water. The lab testing filtration apparatus was specially designed to simulate the sandstone formation geology of SAGD disposal wells. An "efficiency factor" was defined to grade the dispersing performance of the surfactant and/or surfactant/chelating agent package in the lab filtration tests. The efficiency factor provides a reasonable estimation regarding how well the chemical can reduce the plugging risk in a disposal well as compared to the untreated produced water. Among all the surfactant products tested, an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant with the appropriate molecular structure shows distinguished dispersing performance on humic acids in SAGD produced water. However, the surfactant alone was found inconsistent in the dispersing performance when different batches of the produced water were involved. Inclusion of the specific metal chelating agents to the above surfactant formulation improved the dispersing performance consistency. The chelator molecules presumably help destroy the intermolecular bridges among humic acid molecules in the SAGD produced water; thereby, increasing the dispersing effectiveness of the alcohol ethyoxylate surfactants. Tests show that the efficiency factor of the surfactant/chelating agent package is higher than 8, which implies that the formulation could lead to eight times extension of the interval between workovers on SAGD disposal wells, a significant reduction for the operational downtime and costs. This study presented a cost-effective chemical solution to help disperse the humic acid molecules in SAGD produced water, which can help significantly reduce the fouling risk caused by organic foulants, improve injectivity and extend the intervals between workovers of SAGD disposal wells.

scholarly journals Applying Biomimetic Principles to Thermoelectric Cooling Devices for Water Collection

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Kyle B Davidson ◽  
Bahram Asiabanpour ◽  
Zaid Almusaied
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooling ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Devices ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Ideal

The shortage of freshwater resources in the world has developed the need for sustainable, cost-effective technologies that can produce freshwater on a large scale. Current solutions often have extensive manufacturing requirements, or involve the use of large quantities of energy or toxic chemicals. Atmospheric water generating solutions that minimize the depletion of natural resources can be achieved by incorporating biomimetics, a classification of design inspired by nature. This research seeks to optimize thermoelectric cooling systems for use in water harvesting applications by analyzing the different factors that affect surface temperature and water condensation in TEC devices. Further experiments will be directed towards developing a robust, repeatable system, as well as an accurate measurement system. Surface modifications, device structure and orientation, and power generation will also be studied to better understand the ideal conditions for maximum water collection in thermoelectric cooling systems.

scholarly journals Rapid Identification of Potential Drug Candidates from Multi-Million Compounds’ Repositories. Combination of 2D Similarity Search with 3D Ligand/Structure Based Methods and In Vitro Screening

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5593
Author(s):  
Katalin Szilágyi ◽  
Beáta Flachner ◽  
István Hajdú ◽  
Mária Szaszkó ◽  
Krisztina Dobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Search ◽  
Pharmacophore Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
3D Methods

Rapid in silico selection of target focused libraries from commercial repositories is an attractive and cost-effective approach in early drug discovery. If structures of active compounds are available, rapid 2D similarity search can be performed on multimillion compounds’ databases. This approach can be combined with physico-chemical parameter and diversity filtering, bioisosteric replacements, and fragment-based approaches for performing a first round biological screening. Our objectives were to investigate the combination of 2D similarity search with various 3D ligand and structure-based methods for hit expansion and validation, in order to increase the hit rate and novelty. In the present account, six case studies are described and the efficiency of mixing is evaluated. While sequentially combined 2D/3D similarity approach increases the hit rate significantly, sequential combination of 2D similarity with pharmacophore model or 3D docking enriched the resulting focused library with novel chemotypes. Parallel integrated approaches allowed the comparison of the various 2D and 3D methods and revealed that 2D similarity-based and 3D ligand and structure-based techniques are often complementary, and their combinations represent a powerful synergy. Finally, the lessons we learnt including the advantages and pitfalls of the described approaches are discussed.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Electrodialysis and Nanofiltration in Nitrate Removal from Groundwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
J Touir ◽  
S Kitanou ◽  
M Zait ◽  
S Belhamidi ◽  
M Belfaquir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Nitrate groundwater contamination is of major interest all over the world. This problem arises in agricultural regions across Morocco. An excess amount of nitrate causes a serious problem in urban water networks and human health. Because of these health risks, considerable attention has been paid to find effective treatment processes to reduce nitrate concentrations to safe levels. The World Health Organization has set an acceptable level for nitrate in drinking water at 50 mg/L. The aim of this study is to reduce the nitrate concentration from groundwater using two membrane processes: Electrodialysis (ED) and Nanofiltration (NF). Efficiencies of these two technologies are compared in respect to nitrate ions removal, cost process and final quality of water. The results of technologies show that, for electrodialysis standards level can be achieved for a demineralization rate of 15% and the physico-chemical quality of the produced water is satisfactory. For nanofiltration we obtain a nitrate removal of 90% but the produced water is very de-mineralized and must be remineralized.

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