scholarly journals Evaluate the Feasibility of Gd-based Contrast Clearance Differenceto Delineate Subvolume Target in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors Radiotherapy- A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Xing Wang ◽  
Guan Zhong Gong ◽  
Ya SU ◽  
Li Zhen WANG ◽  
Jie LU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Contrast Extravasation ◽  
Fusion Images ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: To evaluate the feasibility ofdelineating subvolume target in brain tumor radiotherapy using gd-based contrast clearance difference.Methods：Twenty-six patients with malignant brain tumor were scanned with MRI. The first and second acquisitions of standard T2-weighted images (T2WI) andT1-weighted images (T1WI) were respectively performed?> at 5 minutes and 60 minutesafter injection of contrast agent. Delayed contrast extravasation MRI(DCEM) computed by Brainlab concludesregions of contrast agent clearance which represent active tumor，andregions of contrast accumulation which represent non-tumor tissues. Based on T2WI images,14 patients were divided into group A and group B, with andwithout liquefaction necrosis, respectively. Then,gross target volume (GTV) was delineated on T1WI images. Based on the GTV, active tumor (GTV tumor) and non-tumorregions(GTV non-tumor) were delineated on T1WI-DCEM fusion images, whileliquefaction necrosis (GTVliquefaction)and non-liquefaction(GTVnon-liquefaction)were delineated on T1-T2WI fusion images. Finally, the differences between different subvolumes were compared by paired t-test.Results：In group A,the mean value of GTVA was 21.38±25.70 cm3, and the GTVnon-liquefaction and GTVliquefaction were 13.65±18.15cm3 and6.30±7.57cm3, respectively. The GTV tumor was 10.40±13.52 cm3 whilethe GTV non-tumor was 9.55±14.57 cm3, The GTVnon-liquefaction increased by an average of 28.2%（P＜0.05）,compared to GTV tumor . While the GTV non-tumor increased by an average of 46.3% (P＜0.05), compared tothe GTVliquefaction.In group B, the mean value of GTVB on enhanced T1WI was4.39±3.75 cm3. The GTV non-tumorreduced by an average of 50.3% (P＜0.05) , compared totheGTV tumor.Conclusion：Comparedto T2WI, the DCEM has advantages in identifyingthe liquefaction areaand could clearly differentiatesubvolume of active tumor from non-liquefaction necrosis.DCEMis meaningful in guiding the delineation of subvolume in primary and metastatic brain tumors.

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

the value of patient hydration prior to bone scintigraphy

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
s. m. stace ◽  
s. m. huggett ◽  
b. k. denton ◽  
a. m. harries
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Scintigraphy ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Femoral Diaphysis ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

the aim of this study was to establish whether hydration prior to radiopharmaceutical injection, in addition to post injection hydration, contributed any value to image quality during bone scintigraphy. two hundred patients referred for bone imaging over a four month period were randomised into two groups. group a was issued with instructions to hydrate pre and post injection, and group b was only advised to hydrate between injection and scan. equal regions of interest (roi) were then drawn on each image: firstly over the femoral diaphysis, and secondly over the contra-lateral adductor area. the total number of gamma counts from the bone roi and the soft tissue roi was then expressed as a ratio, and a mean value for each group was established.the mean ratio for group a was found to be 2.25, and for group b 2.30. a t test of variance confirmed that there was no statistical difference between the ratios of the groups (t = 50.272, n = 5100, p = 50.618). it was concluded that hydration levels prior to bone scintigraphy injection, where it is preserved post injection, have no significant effect on the bone-soft tissue (b:st) ratio in the image.

The Effect of Gongronema Latifolum (Utazi) on Some Haematological Parameters of Rabbit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Group D ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

The hematological features of Gongronema latifolium, aqueous leaves extract was evaluated using standard methods. After 10 days of consecutive infusions into 9 experimental animals (rabbits). The rabbits were monitored and the following parameters determined; hemoglobin (HB), PCV, Platelet, WBC, Differential White Blood Cell. The Rabbits were grouped into 4, one consisting of control (group A), group B was fed with 0.5 mg/kg, group C with 1.0 mg/kg, and Group D with 1.5mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Gongronemalatifolium. The mean values obtained for hemoglobin estimation for the control group is 5.9 ± 4.1 g/dl, 9.1 ± 2.9 g/dl for group B 10.2 ± 1.8 g/dl for group C and 12.8 ± 0.1 g/dl for group D with no significant increase on the PCV estimation, the mean value for the control (group A) is 17.7 ± 12.3%, 27.3 ± 8.7% for group B, group C (30.6 ± 5.4%) and D (28.4 ± 0.3) show increase that statistically significant (p > 0.01). the platelet counts of group C (600 ± 0 x 109/L) and D(600 ± 0 x 109/L) show significant increase (p > 0.01) when compared with the control (600 ± 00). But the platelet value of group B (550 ± 50 x 109/L) shows no difference. No significant changes were observed in the White Blood Counts of the test groups B (3.5 ± 0.5 x 109/L), C (1.9 + 2.1 x 109/L) and D(3.6 ± 0.4) when compared with the control group (2.9 ± 1.9). The values obtained from the differential White Blood Counts (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) were not significant. Therefore, Gongronemalatifolium, when properly taken as a nutritional diet, causes beneficial changes on hemoglobin, packed cell volumes and platelet counts of consumers.

scholarly journals Serum Periostin Level in Asthmatic Children with Exercise Induced Bronchospasm

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Reem M. Soliman ◽  
Mohamed B. Hamza ◽  
Rasha M. El-Shafiey ◽  
Hesham A. Elserogy ◽  
Nabil M El-Esawy
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control ◽  
Serum Periostin

Background: There are few biomarkers that can be easily accessed in clinical settings and may reflect refractory Th2-eosinophlic inflammation and remodeling of the asthmatic airways. Serum periostin may be one such biomarker to aid our understanding of the patho-bio-physiology of asthma and exercise induced asthma. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between serum periostin level and exercise induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on (90) children both sexes aged from 6 to 15 years including, (60) children with bronchial asthma and (30) children were enrolled as control group in the period from January 2018 to January 2019. Patients were randomly classified into two groups: I) Patient group: divided into 2 groups according to standardized treadmill exercise challenge test: Group A: (30) asthmatic children with positive test. Group B: (30) asthmatic children with negative test. II-Control group: (30) children apparently healthy with no personal or family history of asthma. All children were subjected to the following Investigations: Chest x-ray, pulmonary functions tests (FEV1 & PEFR) except controls, Laboratory investigations as CBC and Serum periostin level. Results: The mean values of both the percentage of PEFR and FEV1 after exercise in group A were significantly lower than those in group B and the percentage of PEFR and FEV1 after exercise in each group were significantly lower than the percentage before exercise in the same group. The mean value of eosinophilic count in group A was significantly higher than (group B and control group) and the mean value of eosinophilic count in group B was significantly higher than control group. The mean value of serum level of periostin in group A was significantly higher than (group B and control group), however, there was no significant difference between group B and control group as regard to serum level of periostin. Chest tightness, cough and wheezes after exercise and eosinophilic count in patients with high serum periostin level were significantly higher than patients with low serum periostin level, and both PEFR and FEV1 after exercise in patients with high serum periostin level were significantly lower than patients with low serum periostin level. Also the normal serum periostin levels vary among different age groups. Conclusion: Serum periostin level can be considered as a useful biomarker for diagnosis of Exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) in asthmatic children especially when lung function test cannot be done However, cautious is required in evaluating serum periostin levels in children because it varies with age.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Topical 3% Tranexamic Acid and 35% Glycolic Acid in Melasma and Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
S. Soundarya ◽  
N. Devanand ◽  
Vaishnavi Sabapathi ◽  
Jayakar Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acid Gel ◽  
Group B

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical 3% tranexamic acid gel vs 35% glycolic acid peel in the treatment of melasma over face. Materials and Methods: This is an open labelled, Randomised Controlled Trial(RCT) conducted on 60 patients. Patients were randomly divided equally into 2 groups – Group A and Group B. Patients of Group A  used topical 3% tranexamic acid gel twice a day and Group B patients were treated with 35% glycolic acid peel with a contact period of 5 minutes once in every 2 weeks. Patients were assessed every month for a period of 3 months and recurrence was assessed for the next consecutive 3 months following the treatment. Patients were asked to use a broad spectrum sunscreen before sun exposure during the entire study. Assessment of reduction in pigmentation was made by MASI score, subjective and objective valuation (blind observer) and photographic comparison. Safety profile was assessed by the side effects. Results: The mean value of Melasma Area and Severity Index(MASI) score for glycolic acid group at baseline was 14.41 which reduced to 7.05 at end of 3rd month. In tranexamic acid group, the mean value of MASI score at baseline was 14.58 which reduced to 5.96 at the end of 3rd month. The mean percentage of improvement in MASI score in glycolic acid group 52% whereas in tranexamic acid group it is 61%.  The side effects were minimal in this study. Side effects were more in glycolic acid group than tranexamic acid group.  A total of 8 patients had recurrence during follow up. In glycolic acid group, 5 patients had recurrence whereas in tranexamic acid group, only 3 patients had recurrence. The percentage of recurrence in glycolic acid group is 16.7 % whereas in glycolic acid group it is 10.7%. Conclusion: Tranexamic acid is a novel emerging therapy for melasma. In this study it has been found that topical 3% tranexamic acid is equally efficacious as 35% glycolic acid peel with minimal side effects in the treatment of melasma.

scholarly journals XYLAZINE-KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA; COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN MALE AND FEMALE CANE RATS (THRYONOMYS SWINDERIANUS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Olatunji-akioye A ◽  
Ojiaka H N ◽  
Samuel E. S
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ketamine Anaesthesia ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Domestication of the Cane rats is on-going globally and might replace the conventional rodents used in biomedical research in future. However, the paucity of information on adequate anaesthesia vis-a-vis xylazine-ketamine drug combination in the male and female Cane rats warranted this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six adult Cane rats {1.8±0.7 kg body weights (bwt.)} assigned into group A (Female) and group B (Male) of three rats each was used for the study. Each animal was premedicated with atropine sulphate (0.05 mg/kg bwt), and later administered xylazine (10 mg/kg bwt) and ketamine (100 mg/kg bwt) intramuscularly. Meanwhile, anaesthetic characteristics and physiologic indices of anaesthesia were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results obtained showed that the physiologic indices; open eyelids, smooth induction and recovery, skeletal muscle relaxation and somatic analgesia were observed in all the animals, however, the anaesthetic indices; time to induction, time to standing, duration of analgesia and duration of recumbency showed marked sex variations. The mean values for the duration of analgesia and recumbency were significantly elevated (P&lt;0.05) in group B as compared with group A. Similar trend was seen for time to standing, but, it was non-significant (P&gt;005). However, time to induction mean value for group A was non-significantly increased (P&gt;005) when compared with group B. The heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature mean values decreased in both groups non-significantly (P&gt;0.05).<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusively, the xylazine-ketamine combination produced anaesthesia in Cane rat and the combination is more tolerated in the male Cane rats than the female Cane rats.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of prophylactic versus regular use of antibiotics in elective major obstetrical and gynecological surgeries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Ramya Sreevarshni Shunmugha Sundharam ◽  
Hiremath P. B. ◽  
Sankareswari R.
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Surgical site infections better prevented by parenteral antibiotic in sufficient doses generally should be given before the operation which helps to achieve the therapeutic drug level both in the blood and related tissue during the operation. Ceftriaxone, when administered together as a prophylaxis can fulfil the above criteria of a good antibiotic. Thus, this study was planned to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic usage to that of regular antibiotics usage in patients undergoing elective surgeries.Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital during the study period of June 2017 to April 2018 with 140 cases. Group A received a single dose of Injection Ceftriaxone 1g. Group B, received Injection Ceftriaxone 1 gm and Injection Metronidazole 500 mg for five days. The data was entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS (Version 16).Results: The mean age group in Group A and Group B was found to be 34.24±10.5 and 35.97±11.89, respectively. There was no statistical significance between group A and B for incidence of infection in the post-operative period and duration of hospital stay. The mean value in group A for duration of surgery was found to be 67.5±13.5 and in group B mean value was 72.1±14.9. (p value <0.05).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that administration of prophylactic antibiotic rather than conventional antibiotic at caesarean and gynecological surgeries are not associated with significant difference in post-operative morbidities.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Physical Methods of Disinfection on Heat-Polymerized Polymethyl Methacrylate – An In-vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
Kapil Soni ◽  
Vivek Choukse ◽  
Rajeev Shrivastava ◽  
Umesh Palekar ◽  
Prabha Shakya Newaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Introduction: The common relationship of Candida and the ample proof that acrylic resin dentures are related to denture stomatitis in the oral cavity, which can range from simple mucosal lesions to a fatal systemic form. The current study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of microwave irradiation and UV radiation in the disinfection of Candida albicans infection in heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 specimens were prepared with heat-polymerized acrylic resin, out of which 30 were used for Microwave irradiation, and 30 were used for UV irradiation, and 30 were used for positive control. There were three groups: Group A (Positive Control group); Group B (Microwave irradiation); Group C (UV radiation). After preparing the samples they were chemically sterilized, then infected with C. Albicans, and again Group B is disinfected with Microwave irradiation, Group C is disinfected by UV light and Group A is kept as Positive control without disinfection. Turbidity was measured for each group after re-infection of every specimen in CFU/ml. Results: In the present study, the CFU/ml of Candida albicans in the control group was 2.97x107±0.6 x 107 (P= .000), for microwave irradiation, the mean value was 5.3±11.1 (P= .000), and for UV radiation, the mean value was 19.3±22.9 (P= .003). Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, microwave irradiation (6 minutes at 650W) is more effective than UV radiation (10 minutes each side at 254nm wavelength) of Candida albicans infection on the heat-polymerized acrylic resin in laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Correlation between the efficacy of stem cell therapy to osteonecrosis of the femoral head and cell viability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhanYu Wu ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Brian Grottkau ◽  
ZhiXu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Core Decompression ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common disease that greatly affects the quality of life of patients. Repair of necrotic area is the key to treatment.At present, the combination of stem cell transplantation and decompression is used clinically to promote the repair of necrotic areas through the characteristics of stem cells. However, a considerable number of patients cannot achieve a satisfactory outcome in repairing the femoral head necrotic area. It is very important to find out the reasons for the poor curative effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between stem cell viability and the repair efficacy of stem cell therapy combined with core decompression to early-stage of ONFH. Methods: A total of 30 patients with idiopathic ONFH were performed core decompression combined with autologous stem cell transplantation. The Harris score (HHS) and necrosis area change of patients before and after operation were observed. The mean value of repair ratio was set as a threshold dividing the patients into group A (ratios greater than the mean value) and group B (ratios less than the mean value). The ultrastructure, proliferative capacity and multidirectional differentiation ability were compared between the groups. Results: At 9 months after surgery, HHS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings had improved by varying degrees. Based on the repair ratio, i.e., (62.2 ± 27.0) %, 62.2% was set as a threshold dividing the patients into group A and group B. Better repair(Group A) showed faster proliferation efficiency and healthier ultrastructure. The cells of Group A also showed stronger specific staining after osteogenesis and chondrogenesis induced differentiation. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also higher in group A (OD 2.39 ± 0.44 vs 1.85 ± 0.52; P <0.05) after osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions: The quality of implanted stem cells is closely related to the efficacy of this procedure and determines whether the defects of self-repair in the necrotic areas can be corrected to enhance the repair capacity of necrotic tissue and to promote the repair of necrotic areas to achieve the desired therapeutic outcome.

scholarly journals Role of Zinc in Patients Presenting with Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Medical Unit of Tertiarycare Hospital Lahore

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Kamal ◽  
Asifa Kamal ◽  
Naeem Afzal ◽  
Shazia Siddique ◽  
Khadija Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Improved Outcome

Abstract Objective: To observe the effects of zinc replacement on hepatic encephaopahty. To reducce hospital admission and heath burden by reducing episodes of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy. Methods: This study was carried out on 160 patients presenting with hepatic encephalopathy in medical ward of services hospital Lahore. The aim of the study was to assess the role of zinc in the improvement of encephalopathy. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 55.78 and that in group B was 56.88years.There was significant difference in mean value of hepatic encephalopathy grade in both groups A and B after 3 months of follow up (p.value 0.027) indicating zinc is beneficial in treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusion: Our study showed that zinc replacement improved outcome in patients with Hepatic encephalopathy. Key words: Hepatic encephalopathy, zinc supplementation, chronic liver disease.

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