scholarly journals Improving the sensitivity of gastrointestinal helminths detection using the Mini-FLOTAC technique in wild birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Lobos-Ovalle ◽  
Claudio Navarrete ◽  
Juan G. Navedo ◽  
Miguel Peña-Espinoza ◽  
Claudio Verdugo
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Flotac Technique

Abstract High-performance validated tests are essential for successful epidemiological monitoring, surveillance of parasitic infections, and comparative studies in wildlife populations. The Mini-FLOTAC is a novel flotation-based technique for the sensitive detection and quantification of gastrointestinal parasites that is recently being explored for use in wildlife. A limitation of any flotation-based copromicroscopic method is the selection of the flotation solution (FS), which might influence the performance of the test. However, no study has compared the influence of using different FS in the Mini-FLOTAC technique for parasite detection in wild birds. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Mini-FLOTAC in three waterbird host species using two widely used FS: saturated salt (NaCl; specific gravity 1.20) and saturated zinc sulfate (ZnSO4; specific gravity 1.35). One hundred fresh fecal samples were analyzed for parasite fecal egg counts (FEC). Regardless of the host species, fecal samples evaluated with the Mini-FLOTAC method using ZnSO4 resulted in a significantly higher detection rate and higher FEC of strongylid, capillarid, cestode, and trematode parasites, than samples analyzed with the NaCl solution. Our concise study demonstrated the importance of using an appropriate FS for the identification of parasite eggs in wildlife species, especially in hosts with an expected aggregated distribution and low parasite load such as waterbird hosts. The higher analytical sensitivity of the Mini-FLOTAC technique achieved with ZnSO4, and its applicability to fieldwork, highlights this method as a promising tool for the quantitative surveillance of parasite infections in wild bird populations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites of calves in Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong district of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
TC Nath ◽  
MJU Bhuiyan ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp

To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of calves, 450 feacal samples were collected from Mirsarai Upazilla of Chittagong District of Bangladesh during the period from 2011 to 2012. Fecal samples of calves aged up to 6 months of three different genotypes were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The results of faecal examination revealed that 54.22% calves were infected with some of the parasites. Toxocara spp (22.66%), Eimeria spp (17.33%), Strongyloides spp (6.44%), gastrointestinal strongyles (3.78%), Moniezia spp (01.78%), Trichuris spp (01.56%) and Fasciola gigantica (0.66%) were found. We found eggs of Toxocara spp eggs, Strongyloides spp eggs and oocysts of Eimeria spp during the age of first month, gastrointestinal strongyles eggs and Moniezia eggs at/during/within the age of 3 months and eggs of Trichuris spp and Fasciola gigantic during the age of five months of age. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Local, Shahiwal cross and Holstein Frisian cross were 46%, 52% and 62%, respectively. The age and genotype of the calves and the locality of investigations might have influenced the prevalence of the parasitic infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18494 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 139-142

scholarly journals Use of Mini-FLOTAC and Fill-FLOTAC for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Michele Capasso ◽  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Davide Ianniello ◽  
Leucio Camara Alves ◽  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Flotac Technique

Abstract Animals reared in restricted environments are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infection by helminths and protozoa and therefore zoos are characterized as being parasite-rich environments. Successful implementation of control programs of these parasites in zoo environment depends upon precise and rapid diagnosing of gastrointestinal infections. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of the Mini-FLOTAC technique in combination with Fill-FLOTAC for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals. Fecal samples were collected from 70 animals in four different zoos located in central and southern Italy. All the samples were analyzed using Mini-FLOTAC in combination with Fill-FLOTAC. Out of the 70 pooled samples examined, 80% (24/30) were positive for at least one parasite. Among the gastrointestinal nematodes, Strongyles were the most frequent (40%), followed by Trichuris spp. (23.3%), Parascaris spp. (13.3%) and Capillaria spp. (3.3%). Among the protozoa, Blastocystis spp., Giardia spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected in 6.6%, 3.3% and 3.3%, respectively. These results show that Mini-FLOTAC in combination with Fill-FLOTAC can be used, not only for rapidly diagnosing parasitic infections in zoo mammals, but also for monitoring control programs in which large numbers of fecal samples need to be examined rapidly and reliably.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Kalasin Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 2091-2096
Author(s):  
Sirikanda Thanasuwan ◽  
Supawadee Piratae ◽  
Anupong Tankrathok
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Fasciola Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Concentration Methods

Background and Aim: Parasitic infections are one of the major problems to the production of cattle in Thailand. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of cattle in Kalasin Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 333 fecal samples of cattle were collected directly from the rectum. The fecal samples were subjected to formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods for examination. The eggs or oocysts were identified based on the morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts. Results: Out of 333 fecal samples examined, 320 were found positive for GI parasitic infections with a prevalence of 96.09%. Overall, among the prevalence of nematodes, trematodes, and protozoa, the most prevalent parasites were Strongyle-type 278 (84.24%), followed by Strongyloides spp. 54 (16.36%) and Trichuris spp. 75 (22.73%), while Protozoan oocyst recorded Eimeria spp. amounted to 131 (39.7%). Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp. were 67 (20.30%) and 81 (24.55%), respectively. Most of the positive fecal samples were infected with the double infection which has the highest prevalence rate of about 40.24%, followed by single, three, and 4-5 types of parasites 30.63, 16.82, and 7.21%, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that Kalasin Province is highly endemic for GI parasites and this area may be an important source for an outbreak. Therefore, every household should deworm its cattle and eliminate and control snails as intermediate hosts. Findings from this study provide information that will assist in improving the cattle in Kalasin Province for better production and higher profitability.

THE IDENTIFICATION OF HELMINTHS AND COCCIDIA INFECTION FROM GOATS IN TWO FARMS IN KUALA TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hazirah Hisamuddin ◽  
Najat Hashim ◽  
Sharmeen Nellisa Soffian ◽  
Raja Nur Rahifah Inani Raja Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mardhiah Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Near Future

Helminths and coccidia are major causative agents causing parasitic infections in livestock production. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal helminths and coccidia in goats in Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 227 goats which consists of 107 adult goats and 120 young goats were selected randomly from two farms located in Terengganu, Malaysia. Sodium chloride flotation technique was used to identify helminths eggs and coccidia oocysts. The number of eggs per gram and faecal oocysts count were determined by using modified McMaster technique. Out of 227 goats, 221 goats were positive for gastrointestinal parasites giving the overall prevalence 97.36%. The highest prevalence was recorded for Eimeria (89%) followed by Strongyloides (46.3%), Strongyle (18.1%), Monezia (10.6%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded for Trichuris spp. (9.7%). Coccidia oocyst counts were significantly higher in young goats as compared to adult goats while the Strongyle and Strongyloides egg counts were significantly higher in adult goats compared to young goats (P<0.05). The findings of this study suggested that good management practices and proper hygiene management are important to combat the infection so that there will be no case of parasitic infection among goats in the near future in Terengganu.

scholarly journals Current aspects ση the anthelmintic management of gastrointestinal tapeworms and nematodes in the dog and cat

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
D. K. TAPES (Δ. Κ. ΤΑΠΕΣ) ◽  
M. E. MYLONAKIS (Μ. Ε. ΜΥΛΩΝΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
E. PAPADOPOULOS (Η. ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) ◽  
A. F. KOUTINAS (Α. Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactones ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Domestic Carnivores ◽  
Echinococcus Spp

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in dogs and cats are a common problem in the clinical setting. Ascarids, hookworms, whipworms and tapeworms should be eliminated on a regular basis, not only to avoid possible health implications on the host itself, but also for the zoonotic potential of certain helminthes (ascarids, hookworms, Echinococcus spp.). Of the highly efficacious and safe medications that eliminate gastrointestinal helminths, commercially available in Greece are benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones, tetrahydropyrimidines and isokinolones. Since puppies, kittens, pregnant and nursing animals have a greater risk to acquire gastrointestinal parasites, more intensive anthelmintic schedules are usually instituted. In the less than 6-month old domestic carnivores, deworming should begin at the age of 2-3 weeks and proceed at biweekly intervals through the 12th week, followed thereafter by monthly administrations of the anthelmintics up to the age of 6 months. Nursing bitches and queens should be treated along with their offspring, since they often develop patent infections at that period of time. In animals older than 6 months, faecal examinations should be performed two to four times yearly, followed by the appropriate parasiticidal medication. In dogs which regularly receive heartworm preventatives, deworming schedules have to be modified according to their anthelmintic spectrum.

scholarly journals First record of tapeworm Moniezia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) infections in Leopards: Coprological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of wild and captive cats in Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 9956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishvapali Kobbekaduwa ◽  
Caroline Fillieux ◽  
Ashan Thududgala ◽  
R.P.V. Jayantha Rajapakse ◽  
Rupika Subashini Rajakaruna
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
National Park ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Record ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fragmented Population

Sri Lanka is home to four species of wildcats: Leopard, Fishing Cat, Rusty-spotted Cat and Jungle Cat.  All four, except the Jungle Cat, are listed threatened.  A coprological survey was carried out in 2014 to determine the gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of wild and captive cats in Sri Lanka.  Parasite eggs and cysts were isolated and morphologically identified using iodine smears and a modified salt flotation.  The intensity of infection was quantified using a McMaster counting technique.  A total of 45 fecal samples were analyzed.  Except for the six captive Rusty-spotted Cats, all cats were infected with one or more GI parasites.  The presence of Moniezia sp. in Leopards in the Horton Plains National Park with an intensity of 150–1850 EPG (eggs per gram of feces) was unexpected.  Moniezia is a common GI parasite of ruminants and before our study it had never been recorded in Leopards.  Cross species infection with Moniezia could be possible due to accidental ingestion of cysticercoid infected oribatid mites, the intermediate host which could have been picked up in the pasture while feeding on carcasses.  Among the other parasitic infections in Leopards Toxocara was most common (61.9%) followed by strongyle infections (15.4%).  Of the fecal samples collected from wild Leopards 80.0% were infected with GI parasites while no GI parasites were found in the captive Leopard samples.  The Jungle Cats and the Rusty-spotted Cats sampled were in captivity and only the Jungle Cats were infected with strongyles.  Toxocara was recorded in Leopards and Fishing Cat both in captivity and in the wild.  It is a common GI infection of cats causing morbidity in all age groups and mortality in young animals.  Although parasitic infections of cats may not be a direct reason for a species’ decline, parasitic infections spreading within a small fragmented population could reduce the vitality and numbers and threaten the population further.  This is the first report of GI parasites of wildcats of Sri Lanka and the first record of Moniezia infections in Leopards.

scholarly journals GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CAPTIVE PRIMATES IN THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS OF SRI LANKA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Umanga C. Gunasekera ◽  
Susiji Wickramasinghe ◽  
Ganga Wijesinghe ◽  
R.P.V.J. Rajapakse
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Animal Contact ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Human Animal

Fifteen species of primates from different geographic areas are living in captivity at the National Zoological Gardens of Sri Lanka. As a result of limited space in the Zoo and ever increasing visitors, there is a possibility to increase the incidence of human animal contact. Therefore, it is important to identify potential parasitic infections that can be transferred from humans to animals and vise versa. In the present study, the primates were investigated for the gastrointestinal parasites. Total of 85 fecal samples were collected from all the species and examined for the presence of helminthes and protozoa. Balantidium sp., Entamoeba coli, Giardia sp., Blastocystis sp. and coccidial oocytes including Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were identified. Furthermore, Nematodes and Cestodes were also recorded.

Coprological analysis for estimating prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive sloth bears (Melursus ursinus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Manjunatha ◽  
M. Rout ◽  
A.A. Sha ◽  
S.M. Byregowda ◽  
T. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Melursus Ursinus

The aim of the present study was to investigate the gastrointestinal parasitic infestations in captive bears maintained in Wildlife SOS, Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bengaluru. A total of 85 fecal samples were collected over a period of 12 months from apparently normal/healthy captive bears and examined. The fecal samples were analysed using sedimentation and floatation techniques followed by microscopic identification of parasitic eggs. It revealed the prevalence of 51 (60%) Hymenolepis diminuta, 20 (23.52%) Toxocara sp ova, 3 (3.52%) Capillaria sp, 2 (2.35%) Trichuris sp ova, 2 (2.35%) Eimeria sp oocysts and 8 (9.41%) Ancylostomatid eggs. The study suggested that among different parasitic infections, the prevalence of cestodes was extremely higher, since insects were the intermediate hosts for the Hymenolepis sp. The study is suggestive of periodic anthelmintic therapy in the said species under captivity so as to maintain a sound health.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Helminths of a European Moose Population in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Filip-Hutsch ◽  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Barc ◽  
Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Moose Population

Parasitic infections have a negative impact on the fecundity and survival of wild ruminants, particularly moose; however, despite being more susceptible to parasitic diseases than other wild cervids, they remain poorly examined in this regard. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify gastrointestinal and liver helminth species of the moose population in central Europe, assess the factors contributing to infection intensities and examine their impact on moose health. Abomasum, small intestine, caecum and liver samples were collected from 46 moose in Poland and evaluated for helminth parasite fauna and histopathological changes. Additionally, 289 moose fecal samples were analyzed for the presence of eggs, oocysts and larvae of parasites. In total, 19 parasite taxa were identified. The most prevalent were Mazamastrongylus dagestanica and Ostertagia antipini, which are typical nematodes of moose, together with Spiculopteragia boehmi and O. leptospicularis, characteristic also of other cervids. Parasite species diversity and abomasal parasitic infection intensity were higher in adult moose than in yearlings and calves. The numbers of histopathological lesions depended on the intensity of parasitic infections, and were most severe in the livers of moose infected with Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha. The analysis of fecal samples revealed several regional differences in the levels of parasite eggs, oocysts and larvae shedding. Our findings indicate an accumulation of parasite infections over time in moose, which may be related to high environmental parasite pressure, possibly connected with high moose density and the presence of wetlands; they also serve as the most comprehensive study of moose parasites in central Europe to date.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu Province, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
Ming-Yang Yin ◽  
Guang-Yao Song ◽  
Qi-Dong Tan ◽  
Jin-Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract Background Little information about the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwest China is available. Therefore, the objective of the study was to quantify faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and coccidia) in free-range yaks from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Northwest China. Results Parasites were detected in 290 of 733 (39.56%) faecal samples. The results showed that Strongylidae, Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected all year round, Strongyloides papillosus was detected in autumn and summer, and Nematodirus spp. was detected in both autumn and spring. In contrast, Fasciola spp. was only detected in spring. The prevalence rates of parasitic infections in different seasons were significantly different. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu, China. The results demonstrated a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, specifically GN infections, in yaks in GTAP and these infections can cause economic losses to the local cattle industry.

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