scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Helminths of a European Moose Population in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Filip-Hutsch ◽  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Barc ◽  
Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Moose Population

Parasitic infections have a negative impact on the fecundity and survival of wild ruminants, particularly moose; however, despite being more susceptible to parasitic diseases than other wild cervids, they remain poorly examined in this regard. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify gastrointestinal and liver helminth species of the moose population in central Europe, assess the factors contributing to infection intensities and examine their impact on moose health. Abomasum, small intestine, caecum and liver samples were collected from 46 moose in Poland and evaluated for helminth parasite fauna and histopathological changes. Additionally, 289 moose fecal samples were analyzed for the presence of eggs, oocysts and larvae of parasites. In total, 19 parasite taxa were identified. The most prevalent were Mazamastrongylus dagestanica and Ostertagia antipini, which are typical nematodes of moose, together with Spiculopteragia boehmi and O. leptospicularis, characteristic also of other cervids. Parasite species diversity and abomasal parasitic infection intensity were higher in adult moose than in yearlings and calves. The numbers of histopathological lesions depended on the intensity of parasitic infections, and were most severe in the livers of moose infected with Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha. The analysis of fecal samples revealed several regional differences in the levels of parasite eggs, oocysts and larvae shedding. Our findings indicate an accumulation of parasite infections over time in moose, which may be related to high environmental parasite pressure, possibly connected with high moose density and the presence of wetlands; they also serve as the most comprehensive study of moose parasites in central Europe to date.

scholarly journals Relationship of Personal Hygiene and Nutritional Status to Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Simo, Boyolali

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sherlina Rintik Tirta Ayu ◽  
Sri Haryati ◽  
Yulia Sari ◽  
Sutartinah Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Students ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasite Infections

<p>Intestinal parasitic infections are caused by protozoa, STH and non-STH worms. Immunity, which can be determined by measuring nutritional status, and personal hygiene can affect the occurrence of intestinal parasite infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and nutritional status against intestinal parasite infections in elementary school students in Simo Boyolali. This type of analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach. Total sampling was taken at elementary school of Wates, Talakbroto 1, and Kedunglengkong 1 Simo, Boyolali. There were 11 students with worms infections, 16 with protozoa infections, and 4 with worms and protozoa infection. There was a relationship between washing hands before eating (p = 0.004), after eating (0.027), after defecating (p = 0.04), biting nails (p = 0.008), wearing footwear when leaving the house (p = 0.008) , removing shoes while playing during school breaks (p = 0.001), and nutritional status (p = 0.002) with intestinal parasite infection. There was no relationship between nail clipping once a week (p = 0.118) and the availability of a latrine (p = 0.416) with intestinal parasitic infections. So, there is a relationship between personal hygiene (washing hands before eating, after eating, after defecating, biting nails, wearing footwear when leaving the house, removing shoes when playing during school breaks, and nutritional status) and intestinal parasitic infections.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords<strong>:</strong> elementary school; protozoa; worms.</p>

THE IDENTIFICATION OF HELMINTHS AND COCCIDIA INFECTION FROM GOATS IN TWO FARMS IN KUALA TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hazirah Hisamuddin ◽  
Najat Hashim ◽  
Sharmeen Nellisa Soffian ◽  
Raja Nur Rahifah Inani Raja Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mardhiah Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Near Future

Helminths and coccidia are major causative agents causing parasitic infections in livestock production. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal helminths and coccidia in goats in Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 227 goats which consists of 107 adult goats and 120 young goats were selected randomly from two farms located in Terengganu, Malaysia. Sodium chloride flotation technique was used to identify helminths eggs and coccidia oocysts. The number of eggs per gram and faecal oocysts count were determined by using modified McMaster technique. Out of 227 goats, 221 goats were positive for gastrointestinal parasites giving the overall prevalence 97.36%. The highest prevalence was recorded for Eimeria (89%) followed by Strongyloides (46.3%), Strongyle (18.1%), Monezia (10.6%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded for Trichuris spp. (9.7%). Coccidia oocyst counts were significantly higher in young goats as compared to adult goats while the Strongyle and Strongyloides egg counts were significantly higher in adult goats compared to young goats (P<0.05). The findings of this study suggested that good management practices and proper hygiene management are important to combat the infection so that there will be no case of parasitic infection among goats in the near future in Terengganu.

Gastrointestinal helminths in indigenous and exotic chickens in Vietnam: association of the intensity of infection with the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. SCHOU ◽  
A. PERMIN ◽  
H. R. JUUL-MADSEN ◽  
P. SØRENSEN ◽  
R. LABOURIAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Parasite Infections

This study compared the prevalence and intensity of infections of helminths in 2 chicken breeds in Vietnam, the indigenous Ri and the exotic Luong Phuong. Also, possible correlations with the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) were tested. The most prevalent helminths were Ascaridia galli, Heterakis beramporia, Tetrameres mothedai, Capillaria obsignata, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona. Differences in prevalence and intensity of infection were found between the 2 breeds. Comparing the 2 groups of adult birds, Ri chickens were observed to have higher prevalence and infection intensities of several species of helminths, as well as a higher mean number of helminth species. In contrast, A. galli and C. obsignata were shown to be more prevalent in Luong Phuong chickens. Furthermore, an age-dependent difference was indicated in the group of Ri chickens in which the prevalence and the intensity of infection was higher for the adult than the young chickens for most helminths. The most notable exception was the significantly lower prevalence and intensities of A. galli in the group of adult chickens. In contrast, the prevalence and intensity were very similar in both age groups of Luong Phuong chickens. Using a genetic marker located in the MHC, a statistically significant correlation between several MHC haplotypes and the infection intensity of different helminth species was inferred. This is the first report of an association of MHC haplotype with the intensity of parasite infections in chickens.

scholarly journals Endoparasites of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) (Pallas, 1778) in central Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sergi ◽  
G. Romeo ◽  
M. Serafini ◽  
E. Torretta ◽  
F. Macchioni
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hare Population

Summary Brown hare (Lepus europaeus) populations in Europe have declined through decades due to several, but not clear yet, factors. Parasite infections and diseases are some of the causes that directly affected the survival and breeding rates of animal population. A study on the endoparasites of 70 hares (37 hunted free-living hares, and 33 bred on farms hares) was performed between 2015 - 2017 in the province of Grosseto (central Italy), an area where the impact of parasites in the hare population has never been investigated. During necroscopic analysis of hunted hares the following helminthes were found: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (87.1 %), Passalurus ambiguus (12.9 %) and Andrya spp. (6.4 %) in the intestinal tract, Protostrongylus cuniculorum (8.3 %) in lungs and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (16.7 %) in livers. The prevalences of the intestinal helminthes in bred hares were: 12.1 % for Passalurus ambiguus and 3 % for Trichostrongylus retortaeformis. The coprological analysis showed prevalences of 64.9 % for coccidia in the 37 hunted hares and 45.5 % in the 33 bred hares. The relationship between the intensities of parasitic infections and body weight was evaluated. The results of the present study in the Grosseto area indicate that free-living hares have few species of parasites and that the intensities of parasitic infection did not affect their general condition and health, suggesting that endoparasites played no detectable role in the dynamics of this hare population.

scholarly journals Improving the sensitivity of gastrointestinal helminths detection using the Mini-FLOTAC technique in wild birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Lobos-Ovalle ◽  
Claudio Navarrete ◽  
Juan G. Navedo ◽  
Miguel Peña-Espinoza ◽  
Claudio Verdugo
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Flotac Technique

Abstract High-performance validated tests are essential for successful epidemiological monitoring, surveillance of parasitic infections, and comparative studies in wildlife populations. The Mini-FLOTAC is a novel flotation-based technique for the sensitive detection and quantification of gastrointestinal parasites that is recently being explored for use in wildlife. A limitation of any flotation-based copromicroscopic method is the selection of the flotation solution (FS), which might influence the performance of the test. However, no study has compared the influence of using different FS in the Mini-FLOTAC technique for parasite detection in wild birds. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Mini-FLOTAC in three waterbird host species using two widely used FS: saturated salt (NaCl; specific gravity 1.20) and saturated zinc sulfate (ZnSO4; specific gravity 1.35). One hundred fresh fecal samples were analyzed for parasite fecal egg counts (FEC). Regardless of the host species, fecal samples evaluated with the Mini-FLOTAC method using ZnSO4 resulted in a significantly higher detection rate and higher FEC of strongylid, capillarid, cestode, and trematode parasites, than samples analyzed with the NaCl solution. Our concise study demonstrated the importance of using an appropriate FS for the identification of parasite eggs in wildlife species, especially in hosts with an expected aggregated distribution and low parasite load such as waterbird hosts. The higher analytical sensitivity of the Mini-FLOTAC technique achieved with ZnSO4, and its applicability to fieldwork, highlights this method as a promising tool for the quantitative surveillance of parasite infections in wild bird populations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among patients of Jimma health center requested for stool examination, Jimma, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247063
Author(s):  
Yohannes Alemu Belete ◽  
Tilahun Yemane Kassa ◽  
Minale Fekadie Baye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background Intestinal parasitic infections are still a serious public health problem in poor and developing countries like Ethiopia. Local epidemiological data is crucial to design and monitor prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among patients requested for stool examination at Jimma health center, Southwest, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 384 patients in Jimma health center, Southwest, Ethiopia. Stool samples were collected and examined using direct wet-mount and formal-ether concentration techniques. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square (X2) test and SPPS Version 24 and P Value<0.05 was considered for statistically significance. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infections was found to be 79(20.6%). The infection rate was slightly higher in females 261(68%) than in males 123(32%). Eight types of intestinal parasites were identified and the highest prevalence was Giardia lamblia 25(6.5%) followed by A. lumbricoides 22(5.7%). Single parasitic infection was found among 67(17.4%) of the patients and double infection was 12(3.1%). Shoe wearing habits, Status of fingernail, Handwashing before a meal and after defecation, Source of water for bathing and drinking were significant factors(p<0.05) for intestinal parasitic infection. Conclusion A relatively low prevalence of intestinal parasite infections was observed among patients of Jimma health center requested for the stool examination.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of parasitism and stress physiology in wild giant pandas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenliang Zhou ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
Yingjie Ma ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Stress Physiology ◽  
Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Nutrition Intake ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Hormone Analysis

Abstract Many factors, including the inner status of the individuals and external environment, can influence the parasite infections and stress physiology in mammals. Here, we explored the influence of the sex, age, reproductive season and seasonal food availability on the parasitism and stress physiology in wild giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) through nutrient and steroid hormone analysis and parasitic infection measurement. Diet composition had significant influences on the faecal cortisol levels and parasite load of wild giant pandas. The seasonal dynamic of the cortisol levels and parasite load in faeces co-vary with the seasonal nutrient intake levels of the pandas, which concurrently arrived the peaks at the wood bamboo shoot-eating period in May (parasite infection intensity, 41.47 ± 12.11 eggs/g of wet faeces; cortisol levels, 619.34 ± 70.55 ng/g dry faeces) that the nutrition intake by wild pandas was the highest (protein/fibre, 69.23 ± 9.93). Meanwhile, age class is also as an important factor to affect the parasite load and stress physiology of wild giant pandas. Cubs and sub-adults suffered more helminth burden and stress physiology than adults and old individuals. This is the first study to evaluate the inner and external factors influence on parasitism and stress physiology in wild giant pandas. The findings facilitate a better understanding of how environmental factors might influence the physiology, behaviour and health of pandas and other species and have implications for the conservation and management of the endangered species.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites In Domestic Ruminants From Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummey Shameem ◽  
Sanapala Malathi ◽  
Komali Marlapudi
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
One Year

Abstract Coprological studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth (GI) parasites in domestic ruminants from Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, were carried out for a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. Fecal examination was done using direct smear, sedimentation and floatation methods. Altogether 3,527 fecal samples were examined including 595 from cows, 485 from buffaloes, 1342 from sheep and 1105 from goat. Out of 3,527 fecal samples examined, 1084 were found to be positive with three groups of gastrointestinal parasites (GI) showing an overall prevalence of 30.7%. Maximum infection was noted with nematodes (39.1%) and trematodes (37.3%), least infection was noted with cestodes (3.5%) and mixed infections were found to be moderate (20.01%). Host wise prevalence of parasitic infection has shown highest in the case of cattle recording 43.03%, followed by 40.8% in buffaloes, 29.4% in sheep, and 21.4% in goats. Total six varieties of parasites were recorded, the predominant being Haemonchus (Strongyle group) (29.25%), followed by Paramphistomum (25.5%), Fasciola (11.9%), Strongyloides (7.6%), Moniezia (3.5%) and Trichuris (2.2%). Season wise data on prevalence showed, high rate of infection in summer season (32.0%) when compared to winter (30.2%) and rainy (29.9%) seasons. Further studies are needed to design a rational for sustainable management of GI parasite infections in domestic animals of local regions.

Clinical significance and the first identification of human parechoviruses in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (25) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Reuter ◽  
Mária Új ◽  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Tímea Kolozsi ◽  
Ilona Mihály ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect

Human parechoviruses (HPeV) belonging to the family Picornaviridae are widespread enteric pathogens and are associated with various clinical syndromes in human. At present, 16 HPeV genotypes (HPeV1–16) are known. There is no report on the detection of HPeVs in Central Europe. Aims: The aim of the retrospective study was to detect and characterize HPeVs using molecular methods in cell cultures with “enterovirus-like” cytophatic effect (CPE) archived between 1990 and 2004, in two virology laboratories, in Hungary. Materials and methods: In Laboratory I, fecal samples from children with symptoms of gastroenteritis under the age of 10 years were cultured as a previous routine diagnostic laboratory protocol for “enterovirus”. Cell cultures indicating CPE were archived between 1990 and 2000. In Laboratory II, 2 fecal samples, a liquor and a nasopharyngeal aspirate were re-tested which contained an “enterovirus-like” virus in cell cultures and were positive by HPeV1 neutralization immunosera between 2000 and 2004. Specimens were tested retrospectively for HPeV by reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) method using 5’UTR conserved primers. Specific primers were designed to determine the HPeV structural region (VP0-VP3-VP1). Results: 9 of the 66 archived samples (9.1%) from Laboratory I and all the 4 samples from Laboratory II were found to be HPeV-positive. 10 samples were identified as HPeV1, 2 were HPeV4 and 1 could not be determined. 3 HPeV1 clusters were identified in Laboratory I according to the isolation date originated from years 1990/1991, 1992/1995 and 1998. HPeV1 was detected in clinical syndromes: gastroenteritis (in a 24-years-old adult), recurrent stomatitis aphtosa (in a 42-years-old adult), encephalitis and ataxia cerebellaris acuta in infants and children in Laboratory II. Conclusions: This is the first detection of HPeVs in Central Europe. Detection and genetic characterization of HPeV in available historical samples infected with previously unidentifiable agents with “enterovirus-like” cytopathogenic effect may help to understand the clinical importance and spectrum of the infections and the genetic diversity and evolution of these viruses. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1007–1012.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARASITIC INFECTION AND KNOWLEDGE, HYGIENIC PRACTICAL MEASURES OF PARASITIC INFECTIOUS PREVENTION IN VINH THAI COMMUNITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Intestinal Parasite Infection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections werecommonintropical country such as Vietnam. Having good knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and changing risk behaviors can decrease the infection rate. Objective: To evaluate the parasitic infectious rate in Vinh Thai community before and after being health education and the changing of knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and risk behaviors. Materials and methods: 60 households in Vinh Thai commune were interviewed their knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and examined intestinal parasite infection by Kato technique and then trained the knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention. The interview and examination parasite infectiousrate were carried out after 6 months to evaluating their knowledge. Result: Before health education, the rate of intestinal parasite infection was 17.4% with the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm, small fluke worm and co-infection with A. lumbricoides - whipworm, hookworm-whipworm were 0.1%; 8.0%; 5.8%; 0.6%; 0.3%; 1.2% and 3.0% respectively. Six months later the rate of intestinal parasite infection was decreased in 12.6% even though not statistical significantly. However, there were no case of small fluke worm and co-infection with hookworm-whipworm. Receiving health education, their knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention was higher significantly but their risk behaviors were not changed so much. Conclusion: Health education can change the rate of parasite infection with higher knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention but it was necessary continuous study to change the risk behaviors. Key words: intestinal parasite, health education

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