Prioritization of hazards for risk and resilience management through elicitation of expert judgement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ioanna ioannou ◽  
Jaime Cadena Gomez ◽  
Willy Aspinall ◽  
David Lange ◽  
Daniel Honfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Mathematical Technique ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Resilience Management ◽  
Hazard Scenario

Abstract Risk assessment in communities or regions typically relies on the determination of hazard scenarios and an evaluation of their impact on local systems and structures. One of the challenges of risk assessment for infrastructure operators is how to identify the most critical scenarios that are likely to represent unacceptable risks to such assets in a given time frame. This study develops a novel approach for prioritizing hazards for the risk assessment of infrastructure. Central to the proposed methodology is an expert elicitation technique termed paired comparison which is based on a formal mathematical technique for quantifying the range and variance in the judgements of a group of stakeholders. The methodology is applied here to identify and rank natural and operational hazard scenarios that could cause serious disruption or have disastrous effects to the infrastructure in the transnational Øresund region over a period of five years. The application highlighted substantial divergences of views among the stakeholders on identifying a single ‘most critical’ natural or operational hazard scenario. Despite these differences, it was possible to flag up certain cases as critical among the natural hazard scenarios, and others among the operational hazards.

Methods of risk assessment in forecasting the consequences of accidents at pipeline transport facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-673
Author(s):  
Vladislav N. Slepnev ◽  
◽  
Alexander F. Maksimenko ◽  
Elena V. Glebova ◽  
Alla Т. Volokhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Expert Evaluation Method

The choice of risk assessment procedure is one of the essential stages of efficient structuring of processes on prevention, localization and elimination of the consequences of accidents at main pipeline transport facilities. The authors analyzed themed publications and regulatory documents, governing procedures of risk assessment and forecasting of the consequences of possible accidents, and defined main problems in this area. Procedure for the risk assessment of accidents at main pipeline facilities was developed, the basis of which is the expert evaluation method. The procedure includes the determination of the main criteria for the assessment the probability of accident initiation and development and the evaluation of the severity of its consequences, an expert evaluation of criteria significance, their classification, and creation of a rating for hazardous pipeline sections. The application of the procedure application allows to specify the list of facilities that require high priority forecasting of accidents consequences, thus to optimize the distribution of resources and the overall increase of efficiency in planning while defining forces and special technical devices, necessary for containment and rectification of emergencies. Expert evaluation method application allows considering the specifics of certain enterprises, their technical and technological peculiarities, thereby increasing forecasting accuracy.

The Use of TMAH to Etch Silicon and Expose Metal Bridging Failures

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Morris ◽  
James Mohr ◽  
Esteban Ortiz ◽  
Steven Englebretson
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Failure Location ◽  
Metal Etching ◽  
Plastic Mold

Abstract Determination of metal bridging failures on plastic encapsulated devices is difficult due to the metal etching effects that occur while removing many of the plastic mold compounds. Typically, the acids used to remove the encapsulation are corrosive to the metals that are found within the device. Thus, decapsulation can result in removal of the failure mechanism. Mechanical techniques are often not successful due to damage that results in destruction of the die and failure mechanism. This paper discusses a novel approach to these types of failures using a silicon etch and a backside evaluation. The desirable characteristics of the technique would be to remove the silicon and leave typical device metals unaffected. It would also be preferable that the device passivation and oxides not be etched so that the failure location is not disturbed. The use of Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (TMAH), was found to fit these prerequisites. The technique was tested on clip attached Schottky diodes that exhibited resistive shorting. The use of the TMAH technique was successful at exposing thin solder bridges that extruded over the edge of the die resulting in failure.

Determination of bisphenols and parabens in breast milk and dietary risk assessment for Polish breastfed infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 103839
Author(s):  
Beata Czarczyńska-Goślińska ◽  
Tomasz Grześkowiak ◽  
Robert Frankowski ◽  
Janina Lulek ◽  
Jan Pieczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Dietary Risk Assessment

scholarly journals An Ultrasound Assessed Extraction Combined with Ion-Pair HPLC Method and Risk Assessment of Nitrite and Nitrate in Cured Meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babiker Yagoub Abdulkair ◽  
Amin O. Elzupir ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alamer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Cured Meat

An accurate IPC-UV method was developed and validated for the determination of nitrite (NI) and nitrate (NA) in meat products. The best separation was achieved on a phenyl-hexyl column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 µm) with a mobile phase composed of 25% acetonitrile and 75% buffer (2 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate and 3 mM tetrabutylammonium bromide, pH = 4). Eluents were monitored at 205 nm. Linearity ranges were 1.86 × 10−6–7.5 µg·ml−1 and 0.09–5.0 µg·ml−1 for NI and NA, respectively. The correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999 for NI and NA. This method was applied to a number of processed meat products in Riyadh (n = 155). NI ranged from 1.78 to 129.69 mg·kg−1, and NA ranged from 0.76 to 96.64 mg·kg−1. Results showed extensive use of NI and NA; however, concentrations were within the legal limit of Saudi Arabia except for one sample. Further, the risk assessment and dietary exposure have been estimated for both NI and NA.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou ◽  
Kimon Moschandreou ◽  
Aikaterina Paraskevopoulou ◽  
Christophoros Christophoridis ◽  
Elpida Grigoriadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Almost All

Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs) and anabaenopeptins (APs). This study reports on the co-occurrence of CTs and cyanopeptides (CPs) in Lake Vegoritis, Greece and presents their variant-specific profiles obtained during 3-years of monitoring (2018–2020). Fifteen CTs (cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin (ATX), nodularin (NOD), and 12 microcystins (MCs)) and ten CPs (3 APs, 4 MGs, 2 AERs and aeruginosamide (AEG A)) were targeted using an extended and validated LC-MS/MS protocol for the simultaneous determination of multi-class CTs and CPs. Results showed the presence of MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, MC-HtyR, and MC-HilR) and CYN at concentrations of <1 μg/L, with MC-LR (79%) and CYN (71%) being the most frequently occurring. Anabaenopeptins B (AP B) and F (AP F) were detected in almost all samples and microginin T1 (MG T1) was the most abundant CP, reaching 47.0 μg/L. This is the first report of the co-occurrence of CTs and CPs in Lake Vegoritis, which is used for irrigation, fishing and recreational activities. The findings support the need for further investigations of the occurrence of CTs and the less studied cyanobacterial metabolites in lakes, to promote risk assessment with relevance to human exposure.

Preservation for diverse users: digital preservation and the “Designated Community” at the Ontario Jewish Archives

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Moles
Keyword(s):  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
User Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Open Archival Information System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Unique Approach

PurposeConventional approaches to digital preservation posit that archives should define a Designated Community, or future user group, for whom they preserve digital information. Archivists can then use their knowledge of these users as a reference to help them deliver digital information that is intelligible and usable. However, this approach is challenging for archives with mandates to serve wide and diverse audiences; these archives risk undermining their efforts by focusing on the interests of a narrow user group.Design/methodology/approachA unique approach to this challenge was developed in the context of a project to build a digital preservation program at the Ontario Jewish Archives (OJA). It draws from previous research on this topic and is based on a combination of practical and theoretical considerations.FindingsThe approach described here replaces the reference of a Designated Community with three core components: a re-articulation of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) mandatory responsibilities; the identification of three distinct tiers of access for digital records; and the implementation of an access portal that allows digital records to be accessed and rendered online. Together with supplemental shifts in reference points, they provide an alternative to the concept of a Designated Community in the determination of preservation requirements, the identification of significant properties, the creation of Representation Information and in the evaluation of success.Originality/valueThis article contributes a novel approach to the ongoing conversation about the Designated Community in digital preservation, its application and its limitations in an archival context.

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