scholarly journals Number of Pre-Existing Comorbidities and Prognosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danrong Jing ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Lin Ye ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yanhui Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Critical Type

Abstract Background: Though many studies have described the association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and different kinds of noncommunicable chronic diseases, information with the combine effects of comorbidities to COVID-19 patients have not been well characterized yet. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of numbers of comorbidities with critical type and death of COVID-19.Methods: This was a single-centered retrospective study among patients with COVID-19. All patients with COVID-19 enrolled in this study were diagnosed according to World Health Organization interim guidance. Six different kinds of noncommunicable chronic diseases were included in this study. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the fixed effect of numbers of comorbidities on critical type or death, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: In total, 475 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in our study, included 234 females and 241 males. Hypertension was the most frequent type (162 [34.1%] of 475 patients). Patients with two or more comorbidities have higher risk of critical type (OR 3.072, 95% CI [1.581, 5.970], p=0.001) and death (OR 5.538, 95% CI [1.577, 19.451], p=0.008) compared to patients without comorbidities. And the results were similar after adjusting for age and gender in critical type (OR 2.021, 95% CI [1.002–4.077], p=0.049) and death (OR 3.653, 95% CI [0.989, 13.494], p=0.052).Conclusions: The number of comorbidities was an independent risk factor for critical type and death in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Number of Pre-Existing Comorbidities and Prognosis of COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danrong Jing ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Lin Ye ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yanhui Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Critical Type

Abstract Background: Though many studies have described the association of COVID-19 and different kinds of noncommunicable chronic diseases, information with the combine effects of comorbidities to COVID-19 patients have not been well characterized yet. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of numbers of comorbidities with critical type and death of COVID-19.Methods: This was a single-centered retrospective study among patients with COVID-19. All patients with COVID-19 enrolled in this study were diagnosed according to World Health Organization interim guidance. Six different kinds of noncommunicable chronic diseases were included in this study. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the fixed effect of numbers of comorbidities on critical type or death, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: In total, 475 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in our study, included 234 females and 241 males. Hypertension was the most frequent type (162 [34.1%] of 475 patients). Patients with two or more comorbidities have higher risk of critical type (OR 3.072, 95% CI [1.581, 5.970], p=0.001) and death (OR 5.538, 95% CI [1.577, 19.451], p=0.008) compared to patients without comorbidities. And the results were similar after adjusting for age and gender in critical type (OR 2.021, 95% CI [1.002–4.077], p=0.049) and death (OR 3.653, 95% CI [0.989, 13.494], p=0.052).Conclusions: The number of comorbidities was an independent risk factor for critical type and death in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Male fertility concerns during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Sutapa Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Male Reproductive Health ◽  
The Impact

Since its incidence in December 2019, the novel coronavirus, named “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2” (SARS-CoV-2), has undergone excessively rapid human-to-human transmission throughout the globe and remains still unabated. The worldwide uncontrolled expansion of the disease coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pursued the World Health Organization to declare it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The untiring efforts of scientists, clinicians, and researchers have increased our awareness about the pathophysiology of COVID-19 although much of it is shrouded with ambiguity. The wide spectrum of the disease in terms of severity, mortality, age and gender biases, physiological manifestations, and responses adds up to the complications. Of particular concern is the impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health and fertility outcomes. The present article discusses some of the emerging multiple facets rendering the male reproductive system vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or associated pathological mechanisms.

scholarly journals To Study Demographics as Risk Factor for Mortality Associated with COVID-19 : A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Bakshi ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Jasbir Singh ◽  
Sandeep Batish ◽  
Vijay Sehga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Objectives : Novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic, claiming over 1,431,513 lives ( till Nov. 27,2020 ) worldwide involving 191 countries . The objective of the study is to evaluate age and gender as a risk factor for COVID -19 related mortality . Material and Methods : It is a retrospective cohort study , where the database of indoor COVID-19 positive patients was assessed for the study. Evaluation of the role of age and gender in mortality of COVID infection by comparing dataset of 2,142 indoor COVID positive patients with two outcome groups namely ,death and discharged groups was done. Results: The age comparison between two groups namely, death and discharged groups showed a median age of 60 years (IQR 50-70) for patients who died and 52 years (IQR 36–62) for the patients who recovered from COVID (p value-<0.001). There were 9 (0.65%) pediatric patients (<12 yrs) in the group of patients who recovered .For gender analysis (n=2129), COVID patients who died were 32.5%( n=692) ,out of which 63.6%(n=440) were males and 36.4%(n=252) were females. COVID positive patients in discharged group were 67.5%(n=1437),out of which 61.2%(n=880) were males and 38.8%(n=557) were females. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for mortality risk based on gender for COVID -19 infection (chi square value of 1.09, p value=.296) and the relative risk of death in males and females who died of COVID was 1.052 (95% CI=0.92-1.204). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is showing predilection for male gender in both death and discharged group but the males and females are equally susceptible to the risk of death .

scholarly journals Incidence and Predictors of Lost to Follow up Among Children Attending ART Clinic at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiruye Menshaw ◽  
Shiferaw Birhanu ◽  
Aklilu Endalamaw ◽  
Tigist Gébermaryam
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital

Abstract Background: Despite, antiretroviral therapy could reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and related morbidity, loss to follow up is a main challenge among children living with human immunodeficiency virus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of loss to follow up among under 15 years old children attending antiretroviral therapy clinic at Dessie referral hospital, North east Ethiopia.Methods: A ten-year institution based retrospective cohort study was employed among 448 under 15 years’ old children who were enrolled on antiretroviral therapy. Data were entered and cleared using Epi- data version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 14 for further statistical analysis. Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the survival time and log rank test was used to compare the survival time between different categories of the explanatory variables. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify predictors of loss to follow up and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statically significant.Results: The overall incidence rate of loss to follow up was 6.3 per100 children in years of observation. Being male (AHR=2.1, CI =1.37 ,3.34), age 1-5 years (AHR=1.6, CI=1.05,2.46), poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (AHR = 6.6; CI=4.11,10.66), fair adherence to antiretroviral therapy (AHR= 2.2; CI = 1.13 ,4.20), regimen was not changed (AHR = 4.1; CI = 2.59 ,6.45), world health organization stage III and IV (AHR= 2.2; CI =1.40, 3.33) and height for age < -2 z score (AHR = 2.2; CI = 1.43, 3.44) were predictors of loss to follow up.Conclusion: The incidence rate of loss to follow was high. Age 1-5 years, world health organization stage III and IV, poor and fair adherence to antiretroviral therapy, regimen was not changed, being male and stunted were higher risk for loss to follow up. Therefore, close monitoring to the higher risk groups for loss to follow up highlighted in this study could decrease the rate of loss to follow up. Improving the adherence of children to antiretroviral therapy and nutritional support for stunted children were also recommended.

scholarly journals Association between World Health Organization categories of body mass index and relative risks for weight-related pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Zaballa ◽  
Anthony Liu ◽  
Michael John Peek ◽  
Max Mongelli ◽  
Ralph Nanan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Obese Class ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect

Objective To analyse the dose-dependent effect of body mass index (BMI) categories for common pregnancy outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study of all deliveries that occurred between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2009 in a tertiary maternity centre, in Sydney Australia. Common pregnancy outcomes were analysed against World Health Organization (WHO) BMI categories using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results From a total of 18,304 pregnancies, 9087 singleton pregnancies with complete data-sets were identified. Of these pregnancies, 4000 (44%) had a normal BMI, 470 (5.2%) were underweight, 2293 (25.2%) were overweight, 1316 (14.5%) were obese class I, 630 (6.9%) were obese class II and 378 (4.2%) were obese class III. Using the normal BMI category as the reference, there was a clear dose effect of BMI categories for hypertension ( P < 0.001), pre-eclampsia ( P < 0.001), caesarean section ( P < 0.001), macrosomia ( P < 0.001), large for gestational age ( P < 0.001), small for gestational age ( P < 0.001) and neonatal respiratory distress ( P = 0.039). In contrast, despite a significant association with BMI ( P < 0.001), a dose-dependent effect was not found for gestational diabetes. Conclusion The results of our study have important clinical significance as the data, using WHO BMI categories, more accurately help stratify risk assessment in a clinically relevant dose-dependent relationship.

scholarly journals BCG Vaccination Status, Age, and Gender as Risk Factors for Leprosy in Endemic Areas in the Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima ◽  
Jasna Letícia Pinto Paz ◽  
Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Corrêa Amador Silvestre ◽  
Letícia Siqueira Moura ◽  
Ismari Perini Furlaneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Per Se ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization

In 2018, 208,619 new cases of leprosy were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). Of these, 30,957 occurred in the Americas region and 28,660 (92.6% of the total in the Americas) were reported in Brazil. This study aimed to show the reality of the profile of a population in an endemic leprosy area in northern Brazil in relation to age, gender, and bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination status through the collection of data in the field with the evaluation of the study individuals, who were recruited by spontaneous demand. A total of 405 individuals participated in the study, with 100 multibacillary, 57 paucibacillary, and 248 healthy contacts. A relationship was observed between the occurrence of the disease, as well as the multibacillary form with the largest age group. The male gender was associated with leprosy per se, with the multibacillary form and was the largest representative of the group that was not vaccinated once. BCG vaccination was effective both in protecting against leprosy per se and in the multibacillary form. These results are limited by sample size, may not be conclusive, and will need further confirmation in a larger cohort.

scholarly journals Vertebral fracture as risk factors for self-harm: A retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Prior ◽  
Fay Crawford-Manning ◽  
Rebecca Whittle ◽  
Alyshah Abdul-Sultan ◽  
Carolyn Chew-Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender

Abstract BackgroundThe prevention of self-harm is an international public health priority, It is vital to identify at-risk populations, particularly as self-harm is a risk factor for suicide. This study aims to examine the risk of self-harm in people with vertebral fractures Methods Retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients with vertebral fracture were identified and matched to patients without fracture by age and gender. Incident self-harm was defined by medical record codes following vertebral fracture. Overall incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years (PY)) were reported. Cox regression analysis determined risk (hazard ratios (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI)) of self-harm compared to the matched unexposed cohort. Initial crude analysis was subsequently adjusted and stratified by age and gender. ResultsThe number of cases of vertebral fracture was 16,293, with a matched unexposed cohort of the same size. Patients were predominantly female (70.1%), mean age was 74 years. Overall incidence of self-harm in the cohort with vertebral fracture was 12.2 (10.1, 14.8) /10,000 PY. There was an initial crude association between vertebral fracture and self-harm, which remained after adjustment (HR 2.4 (95%CI 1.5, 3.6).Greatest risk of self-harm was found in those with vertebral fractures who were younger (3.2(1.8, 5.7)) and male (3.9(1.8, 8.5)). ConclusionsPrimary care patients with vertebral fracture are at increased risk of self-harm compared to people without these fractures. Younger, male patients appear to be at greatest risk of self-harm. Clinicians need to be aware of the potential for self-harm in this patient group.

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