scholarly journals Abnormal regional homogeneity and its relationship with symptom severity in cervical dystonia: A rest state fMRI study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubao Wei ◽  
Chunhui Lu ◽  
Xiuqiong Chen ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Rest State ◽  
Rest State Fmri ◽  
Crus I ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Although several brain networks play important roles in cervical dystonia (CD) patients, regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in CD patients have not been clarified. We investigated to explore ReHo in CD patients at rest and analyzed its correlations with symptom severity as measured by Tsui scale.Methods: A total of 19 CD patients and 21 gender-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent fMRI scans at rest state. Data were analyzed by ReHo method.Results: Patients showed increased ReHo in the right cerebellum crus I and decreased ReHo in the right superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Moreover, the right precentral gyrus, right insula, and bilateral middle cingulate gyrus also showed increased ReHo values. A significantly positive correlation was observed between ReHo value in the right cerebellum crus I and symptom severity (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our investigation suggested abnormal ReHo existed in brain regions of the "pain matrix" and salience network (the right insula and bilateral middle cingulate gyrus), the motor network (the right precentral gyrus), the cerebellum and MPFC and further highlighted the significance of these networks in the pathology of CD.

scholarly journals Abnormal regional homogeneity and its relationship with symptom severity in cervical dystonia: a rest state fMRI study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubao Wei ◽  
Chunhui Lu ◽  
Xiuqiong Chen ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Rest State ◽  
Rest State Fmri ◽  
Crus I ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Although several brain networks play important roles in cervical dystonia (CD) patients, regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in CD patients have not been clarified. We investigated to explore ReHo in CD patients at rest and analyzed its correlations with symptom severity as measured by Tsui scale. Methods A total of 19 CD patients and 21 gender-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent fMRI scans at rest state. Data were analyzed by ReHo method. Results Patients showed increased ReHo in the right cerebellum crus I and decreased ReHo in the right superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Moreover, the right precentral gyrus, right insula, and bilateral middle cingulate gyrus also showed increased ReHo values. A significantly positive correlation was observed between ReHo value in the right cerebellum crus I and symptom severity (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our investigation suggested abnormal ReHo existed in brain regions of the “pain matrix” and salience network (the right insula and bilateral middle cingulate gyrus), the motor network (the right precentral gyrus), the cerebellum and MPFC and further highlighted the significance of these networks in the pathology of CD.

scholarly journals Abnormal regional homogeneity and its relationship with symptom severity in cervical dystonia: A rest state fMRI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubao Wei ◽  
Chunhui Lu ◽  
Xiuqiong Chen ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Rest State ◽  
Rest State Fmri ◽  
Crus I ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Although several brain networks play important roles in cervical dystonia (CD) patients, regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in CD patients have not been clarified. We investigated to explore ReHo in CD patients at rest and analyzed its correlations with symptom severity as measured by Tsui scale.Methods: A total of 19 CD patients and 21 gender-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent fMRI scans at rest state. Data were analyzed by ReHo method.Results: Patients showed increased ReHo in the right cerebellum crus I and decreased ReHo in the right superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Moreover, the right precentral gyrus, right insula, and bilateral middle cingulate gyrus also showed increased ReHo values. A significantly positive correlation was observed between ReHo value in the right cerebellum crus I and symptom severity (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our investigation suggested abnormal ReHo existed in brain regions of the "pain matrix" and salience network (the right insula and bilateral middle cingulate gyrus), the motor network (the right precentral gyrus), the cerebellum and MPFC and further highlighted the significance of these networks in the pathology of CD.

scholarly journals Abnormal Regional Homogeneity and Its Relationship with Symptom Severity in Cervical Dystonia: A Rest State fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubao Wei ◽  
Chunhui Lu ◽  
Xiuqiong Chen ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Rest State ◽  
Rest State Fmri ◽  
Crus I ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Although several brain networks play important roles in cervical dystonia (CD) patients, regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in CD patients have not been clarified. We investigated to explore ReHo in CD patients at rest and analyzed its correlations with symptom severity as measured by Tsui scale.Methods: A total of 19 CD patients and 21 gender-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent fMRI scans at rest state. Data were analyzed by ReHo method.Results: Patients showed increased ReHo in the right cerebellum crus I and decreased ReHo in the right superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Moreover, the right precentral gyrus, right insula, and bilateral middle cingulate gyrus also showed increased ReHo values. A significantly positive correlation was observed between ReHo value in the right cerebellum crus I and symptom severity (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our investigation suggested abnormal ReHo existed in brain regions of default mode network (i.e. the cerebellum and MPFC), the motor network (the right precentral gyrus) and imbic system (the right insula and bilateral middle cingulate gyrus) and further highlighted the significance of these networks in the pathophysiology of CD.

scholarly journals Alterations of Regional Homogeneity in the Mild and Moderate Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Li ◽  
Haiyan Liao ◽  
Tianyu Wang ◽  
Yuheng Zi ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Orbital Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate alterations in regional homogeneity (ReHo) in early Parkinson’s disease (PD) at different Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages and to demonstrate the relationships between altered brain regions and clinical scale scores.Methods: We recruited 75 PD patients, including 43 with mild PD (PD-mild; HY stage: 1.0–1.5) and 32 with moderate PD (PD-moderate; HY stage: 2.0–2.5). We also recruited 37 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as healthy controls (HC). All subjects underwent neuropsychological assessments and a 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance scanning. Regional homogeneity of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals was used to characterize regional cerebral function. Correlative relationships between mean ReHo values and clinical data were then explored.Results: Compared to the HC group, the PD-mild group exhibited increased ReHo values in the right cerebellum, while the PD-moderate group exhibited increased ReHo values in the bilateral cerebellum, and decreased ReHo values in the right superior temporal gyrus, the right Rolandic operculum, the right postcentral gyrus, and the right precentral gyrus. Reho value of right Pre/Postcentral was negatively correlated with HY stage. Compared to the PD-moderate group, the PD-mild group showed reduced ReHo values in the right superior orbital gyrus and the right rectus, in which the ReHo value was negatively correlated with cognition.Conclusion: The right superior orbital gyrus and right rectus may serve as a differential indicator for mild and moderate PD. Subjects with moderate PD had a greater scope for ReHo alterations in the cortex and compensation in the cerebellum than those with mild PD. PD at HY stages of 2.0–2.5 may already be classified as Braak stages 5 and 6 in terms of pathology. Our study revealed the different patterns of brain function in a resting state in PD at different HY stages and may help to elucidate the neural function and early diagnosis of patients with PD.

scholarly journals Time Perception through the Processing of Verb Tenses: An ERP study regarding Mental Time Travel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalabos Papageorgiou ◽  
Anastasios E. Giannopoulos ◽  
Athanasios S. Fokas ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
Nikolaos C. Kapsalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Mental Time Travel ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Biological Time ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTHumans are equipped with the so-called Mental Time Travel (MTT) ability, which allows them to consciously construct and elaborate past or future scenes. The mechanisms underlying MTT remain elusive. This study focused on the late positive potential (LPP) and alpha oscillations, considering that LPP covaries with the temporal continuity whereas the alpha oscillations index the temporal organization of perception. To that end, subjects were asked to focus on performing two mental functions engaging working memory, which involved mental self-projection into either the present-past (PP) border or the present-future (PF) border. To evaluate underlying mechanisms, the evoked frontal late positive potentials (LPP) as well as their cortical sources were analyzed via the standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) technique. The LPP amplitudes - in the left lateral prefrontal areas that were elicited during PF tasks - were significantly higher than those associated with PP, whereas opposite patterns were observed in the central and right prefrontal areas. Crucially, the LPP activations of both the PP and PF self-projections overlapped with the brain’s default mode network and related interacting areas. Finally, we found enhanced alpha-related activation with respect to PP in comparison to PF, predominantly over the right hemisphere central brain regions (specifically, the precentral gyrus). These findings confirm that the two types of self-projection, as reflected by the frontally-distributed LPP, share common cortical resources that recruit different brain regions in a balanced way. This balanced distribution of brain activation might signify that biological time tends to behave in a homeostatic way.

scholarly journals Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity related to the main alexithymia dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. e000003
Author(s):  
Han Dai ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
Mei Minjun ◽  
Sun Xiaofei
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity

BackgroundAlexithymia is a multidimensional personality construct.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the neuronal correlates of each alexithymia dimension by examining the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of intrinsic brain activity in a resting situation.MethodsFrom university freshmen, students with alexithymia and non-alexithymia were recruited. Their alexithymic traits were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. The ReHo was examined using a resting-state functional MRI approach.ResultsThis study suggests significant group differences in ReHo in multiple brain regions distributed in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe and insular cortex. However, only the ReHo in the insula was positively associated with difficulty identifying feelings, a main dimension of alexithymia. The ReHo in the lingual gyrus, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus was positively associated with difficulty describing feelings in participants with alexithymia. Lastly, the ReHo in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC_R) was negatively related to the externally oriented thinking style of participants with alexithymia.ConclusionIn conclusion, these results suggest that the main dimensions of alexithymia are correlated with specific brain regions’ function, and the role of the insula, lingual gyrus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and DMPFC_R in the neuropathology of alexithymia should be further investigated.

scholarly journals The indispensable role of the cerebellum in visual divergent thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenni Gao ◽  
Xiaojin Liu ◽  
Delong Zhang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Ning Hao
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Crus I

Abstract Recent research has shown that the cerebellum is involved not only in motor control but also in higher-level activities, which are closely related to creativity. This study aimed to explore the role of the cerebellum in visual divergent thinking based on its intrinsic activity. To this end, we selected the resting-state fMRI data of high- (n = 22) and low-level creativity groups (n = 22), and adopted the voxel-wise, seed-wise, and dynamic functional connectivity to identify the differences between the two groups. Furthermore, the topological properties of the cerebello-cerebral network and their relations with visual divergent thinking were calculated. The voxel-wise functional connectivity results indicated group differences across the cerebellar (e.g. lobules VI, VIIb, Crus I, and Crus II) and cerebral regions (e.g. superior frontal cortex, middle frontal cortex, and inferior parietal gyrus), as well as the cerebellar lobules (e.g. lobules VIIIa, IX, and X) and the cerebral brain regions (the cuneus and precentral gyrus). We found a significant correlation between visual divergent thinking and activities of the left lobules VI, VIIb, Crus I, and Crus II, which are associated with executive functions. Our overall results provide novel insight into the important role of the cerebellum in visual divergent thinking.

Morphological brain changes associated with Schneider's first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia: an MRI study

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SUZUKI ◽  
S.-Y. ZHOU ◽  
H. HAGINO ◽  
L. NIU ◽  
T. TAKAHASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
First Rank Symptoms

Background. Schneider's first-rank symptoms involve an alienated feature of the sense of one's own mental or physical activity. To clarify the brain morphological basis for the production of these symptoms, volumes of the frontal and medial temporal regions and their clinical correlates were examined in patients with schizophrenia.Method. Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia and 44 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were included. All patients were in their psychotic episodes with definite Schneiderian symptoms, rated by using the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Volumetric measurements of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging were performed in the prefrontal area, cingulate gyrus, and precentral gyrus, and the medial temporal structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus.Results. Patients had significantly decreased volumes in the cingulate gray matter and the amygdala compared to controls. In the patient group, Schneiderian symptom severity showed significant inverse correlations with volumes of the right posterior cingulate gray matter and of the left anterior parahippocampal gyrus.Conclusions. Schneiderian symptoms may be associated with morphological abnormalities in the limbic-paralimbic regions such as the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, which possibly serve the self-monitoring function and the coherent storage and reactivation of information.

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Homosexual Males

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Ma ◽  
Xiudong Shi ◽  
Guochao Chen ◽  
Fengxiang Song ◽  
Fengjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Purpose:Neuroimaging elucidations have shown structural and functional brain alterations in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals when compared to HIV-negative (HIV–) controls. However, HIV− groups used in previous studies were not specifically considered for sexual orientation, which also affects the brain structures and functions. The current study aimed to characterize the brain alterations associated with HIV infection while controlling for sexual orientation.Methods:Forty-three HIV+ and 40 HIV– homosexual men (HoM) were recruited and underwent resting-state MRI scanning. Group differences in gray matter volume (GMV) were assessed using a voxel-based morphometry analysis. Brain regions with the altered GMV in the HIV+ HoM group were then taken as regions of interest in a seed-based analysis to identify altered functional connectivity. Furthermore, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity values were compared between the two groups to evaluate the HIV-associated functional abnormalities in local brain regions.Results:HIV+ HoM showed significantly increased GMV in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala, and decreased GMV in the right inferior cerebellum, compared with the HIV– HoM. The brain regions with increased GMV were hyper-connected with the left superior cerebellum, right lingual gyrus, and left precuneus in the HIV+ HoM. Moreover, the ALFF values of the right fusiform gyrus, and left parahippocampal gyrus were increased in the HIV+ HoM. The regional homogeneity values of the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and left superior cerebellum were decreased in the HIV+ HoM.Conclusion:When the study population was restricted to HoM, HIV+ individuals exhibited structural alterations in the limbic system and cerebellum, and functional abnormalities in the limbic, cerebellum, and visual network. These findings complement the existing knowledge on the HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment from the previous neuroimaging studies by controlling for the potential confounding factor, sexual orientation. Future studies on brain alternations with the exclusion of related factors like sexual orientation are needed to understand the impact of HIV infection on neurocognitive function more accurately.

scholarly journals Cerebellum and Emotion in Morality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyemin Han
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Moral Functioning ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Crus I ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Image Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

In the current chapter, I examined the relationship between the cerebellum, emotion, and morality with evidence from large-scale neuroimaging data analysis. Although the aforementioned relationship has not been well studied in neuroscience, recent studies have shown that the cerebellum is closely associated with emotional and social processes at the neural level. Also, debates in the field of moral philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience have supported the importance of emotion in moral functioning. Thus, I explored the potentially important but less-studies topic with NeuroSynth, a tool for large-scale brain image analysis, while addressing issues associated with reverse inference. The result from analysis demonstrated that brain regions in the cerebellum, the right Crus I and Crus II in particular, were specifically associated with morality in general. I discussed the potential implications of the finding based on clinical and functional neuroimaging studies of the cerebellum, emotional functioning, and neural networks for diverse psychological processes.

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