Shoulder Injuries in Boxing. A systematic Review.

Abstract Background: High injury rates are to be expected in combat sports. Although case reports and epidemiological studies have documented shoulder injuries in boxers, numbers differ and there is currently no systematic review reporting injury prevalence. Purpose: The aim of this study was to offer an analysis of existing studies documenting shoulder injuries in boxing. Additionally, we wanted to evaluate, if chronic shoulder pathologies seen in former boxers, originate from acute injuries or result from chronic overuse syndromes.Study Design: Systematic ReviewMethods: We performed a systematic database research according to the PRISMA guidelines on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for the keywords “boxing”, “injury” and “shoulder” or their respective synonyms. Any epidemiological cohort- and cross-sectional studies on boxing, that documented shoulder injuries and were published in German or English language up to January 2020, were included. Statistical analysis including individual and overall proportion with 95% Clopper-Pearson confidence intervals was performed to determine shoulder injury rates for amateur and professional cohorts separately.Results: Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE statement and a modified Downs&Black's checklist. 13 studies were included, 10 of which met the criteria for statistical analyses. The heterogeneity in study design and cohort characteristics did not allow for detailed quantitative analysis. Overall, shoulder injuries occurred almost twice as often in amateur athletes than in professionals (overall proportion [95% CI]: amateur athletes: 9% [6%; 12%], professionals: 4% [2%; 8%]).Conclusion: No study investigating the long-term effects of boxing on shoulder pathologies was identified. Although specific information on injury type is mostly missing, the few studies addressing it report shoulder dislocations, strains, tendonitis, or chronic impingement syndromes. Unlike head trauma, shoulder injuries do not necessarily lead to cessation of fight, therefore at the ringside gross underreporting of shoulder pathologies must be taken into consideration.

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Occupational Asthma in Antibiotic Manufacturing Workers: Case Reports and Systematic Review

Journal of Allergy ◽

10.1155/2011/365683 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sara Díaz Angulo ◽

Joanna Szram ◽

Jenny Welch ◽

Julie Cannon ◽

Paul Cullinan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Occupational Asthma ◽

Case Reports ◽

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immunological Tests ◽

Asthmatic Reaction ◽

Provocation Testing

Background. The risks of occupational asthma (OA) from antibiotics are uncertain. We report 4 new cases and a systematic review of the literature. Methods. Cases were identified through a specialist clinic, each underwent specific provocation testing (SPT). We subsequently reviewed the published literature. Results. The patients were employed in the manufacture of antibiotics; penicillins were implicated in three cases, in the fourth erythromycin, not previously reported to cause OA. In two, there was evidence of specific IgE sensitisation. At SPT each developed a late asthmatic reaction and increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness. 36 case reports have been previously published, 26 (citing penicillins or cephalosporins). Seven cross-sectional workplace-based surveys found prevalences of 5–8%. Conclusions. OA in antibiotic manufacturers may be more common than is generally recognised. Its pathogenesis remains unclear; immunological tests are of uncertain value and potential cases require confirmation with SPT. Further study of its frequency, mechanisms, and diagnosis is required.

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Parkinson’s Disease and Metal Storage Disorders: A Systematic Review

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci8110194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edward Botsford ◽

Jayan George ◽

Ellen Buckley

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Wilson’S Disease ◽

Case Reports ◽

Hereditary Hemochromatosis ◽

Wilson's Disease ◽

Neurological Dysfunction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Storage Disorders

Metal storage disorders (MSDs) are a set of rare inherited conditions with variable clinical pictures including neurological dysfunction. The objective of this study was, through a systematic review, to identify the prevalence of Parkinsonism in patients with MSDs in order to uncover novel pathways implemented in Parkinson’s disease. Human studies describing patients of any age with an MSD diagnosis were analysed. Foreign language publications as well as animal and cellular studies were excluded. Searches were conducted through PubMed and Ovid between April and September 2018. A total of 53 publications were identified including 43 case reports, nine cross-sectional studies, and one cohort study. The publication year ranged from 1981 to 2018. The most frequently identified MSDs were Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) with 11 papers describing Parkinsonism, Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) (7 papers), and Wilson’s disease (6 papers). The mean ages of onset of Parkinsonism for these MSDs were 33, 53, and 48 years old, respectively. The Parkinsonian features described in the PKAN and HH patients were invariably atypical while the majority (4/6) of the Wilson’s disease papers had a typical picture. This paper has highlighted a relationship between MSDs and Parkinsonism. However, due to the low-level evidence identified, further research is required to better define what the relationship is.

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Epileptic seizures in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of early evidences

Journal of Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jbs.v8i1.38459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 33-44

Author(s):

B Roy ◽

I Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Epileptic Seizure ◽

Case Reports ◽

Neurological Complication ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Neurological Complications ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Demyelinating Lesions

Background: Global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 surfaced neurological complications amongst the patients. COVID-19 resembles with other coronavirus strains follows a trend of neurological complication, damage and encephalopathy, which entails considerable risks, requires attention for the neurologists. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic review of the literature to investigate solely to elucidate the seizure spectrum by unfolding epileptogenicity of the SARS CoV-2 and potential pathways of neuroinvasion. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase database following standard guidelines, using specific keywords based on epileptic seizure onset described from December 01, 2019, to July 17, 2020 Results: A total of 17 studies were included ranging from case reports, series of cases, multicentre cross-sectional study with the first-time onset of seizure associated with an epileptic origin. We excavated causes of complex COVID-19 related neurological manifestations, e.g., cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis, demyelinating lesions, cytokine storm and proposed routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the nervous system to understand the mechanism of an epileptic seizure. Conclusion: COVID-19 is a potent neuropathogen which causes the new onset of epileptic seizures should get diagnostic recognition to evade possible deterioration of neurological conditions. However, more shreds of evidence from the future will further elucidate the epileptogenic potential of the pandemic.

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Risk Factors Associated With Shoulder Pain and Disability Across the Lifespan of Competitive Swimmers

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-47.2.149 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 149-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Angela Tate ◽

Gregory N. Turner ◽

Sarah E. Knab ◽

Colbie Jorgensen ◽

Andrew Strittmatter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

Age Groups ◽

Muscle Length ◽

Scapular Dyskinesis ◽

Shoulder Injuries ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pectoralis Minor ◽

Competitive Swimmers

Context: The prevalence of shoulder pain among competitive swimmers is high, but no guidelines exist to reduce shoulder injuries. Elucidating differences between swimmers with and without shoulder pain can serve as a basis for the development of a program to prevent shoulder injury that might lead to pain and dysfunction. Objective: To determine whether physical characteristics, exposure, or training variables differ between swimmers with and without shoulder pain or disability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Multisite swimming centers. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 236 competitive female swimmers aged 8 to 77 years. Data Collection and Analysis: Participants completed the Penn Shoulder Score and underwent testing of core endurance, range of motion, muscle force production, and pectoralis minor muscle length and the Scapular Dyskinesis Test. Swimmers were grouped by age for analysis: ages 8 to 11 years (n = 42), 12 to 14 years (n = 43), 15 to 19 years (high school, n = 84), and 23 to 77 years (masters, n = 67). Comparisons were made between groups with and without pain and disability using independent t tests for continuous data and χ2 analyses and Fisher exact tests for categorical data. Results: Nine (21.4%) swimmers aged 8 to 11 years, 8 (18.6%) swimmers aged 12 to 14 years, 19 (22.6%) high school swimmers, and 13 (19.4%) masters swimmers had shoulder pain and disability. Differences that were found in 2 or more age groups between athletes with and without shoulder pain and disability included greater swimming exposure, a higher incidence of previous traumatic injury and patient-rated shoulder instability, and reduced participation in another sport in the symptomatic groups (P < .05). Reduced shoulder flexion motion, weakness of the middle trapezius and internal rotation, shorter pectoralis minor and latissimus, participation in water polo, and decreased core endurance were found in symptomatic females in single varying age groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Female competitive swimmers have shoulder pain and disability throughout their lives. Given that exposure and physical examination findings varied between athletes with and without substantial pain and disability, a program to prevent shoulder injury that might lead to pain and dysfunction appears warranted and might include exposure reduction, cross-training, pectoral and posterior shoulder stretching, strengthening, and core endurance training.

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A Study of Right Shoulder Injury in Collegiate and Professional Orchestral Cellists: An Investigation Using Questionnaires and Physical Assessment

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2012.2014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dale Rickert ◽

Margaret Barrett ◽

Mark Halaki ◽

Tim Driscoll ◽

Bronwen Ackermann

Keyword(s):

Rotator Cuff ◽

Future Research ◽

College Level ◽

Shoulder Injuries ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Physical Testing ◽

Shoulder Strength ◽

Two Populations

PURPOSE: Cellists sustain high levels of playing-related injury and are particularly susceptible to right shoulder pain, yet no studies have attempted to propose a mechanism for disease or establish possible causal factors. The aim of this study was to investigate shoulder injury levels and causes in two populations: professional orchestral cellists and college-level student cellists. METHODS: A questionnaire and physical testing protocol was applied to both groups of participants, eliciting information on lifestyle, playing habits, and self-reported injury rates as well as physical data on shoulder strength, range of motion, and signs of injury. RESULTS: Right shoulder injuries are common among both student (20%) and professional (42%) cellists and seem to be associated with measures indicating potential lack of strength in the scapular stabilisers as well as potential degenerative changes in the rotator cuff. Significant differences were found in the lifestyle and playing habits of the two groups. There were increased signs of pain and stiffness in the professionals and evidence of decreased muscular support in the students. Male cellists showed less scapular stability; female cellists, however, generally had higher levels of pain. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that injuries at the shoulder, potentially involving impingement-type pathologies, are a common cause of pain in cellists. Based on this study, future research for cello players could focus on targeted interventions, such as exercises for the scapular stabilisers and muscles of the rotator cuff.

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Risk Factors of Overuse Shoulder Injuries in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738120931764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 478-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camille Tooth ◽

Amandine Gofflot ◽

Cédric Schwartz ◽

Jean-Louis Croisier ◽

Charlotte Beaudart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Rotator Cuff ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Training Load ◽

Shoulder Injuries ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Overhead Athletes ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

And Training

Context: Shoulder injuries are highly prevalent in sports involving the upper extremity. Some risk factors have been identified in the literature, but consensus is still lacking. Objectives: To identify risk factors of overuse shoulder injury in overhead athletes, as described in the literature. Data Sources: A systematic review of the literature from the years 1970 to 2018 was performed using 2 electronic databases: PubMed and Scopus. Study Selection: Prospective studies, written in English, that described at least 1 risk factor associated with overuse shoulder injuries in overhead sports (volleyball, handball, basketball, swimming, water polo, badminton, baseball, and tennis) were considered for analysis. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Data were extracted from 25 studies. Study methodology quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score. Results: Intrinsic factors, previous injury, range of motion (lack or excess), and rotator cuff weakness (isometric and isokinetic) highly increase the risk of future injuries. Additionally, years of athletic practice, body mass index, sex, age, and level of play seem to have modest influence. As for the effect of scapular dysfunction on shoulder injuries, it is still controversial, though these are typically linked. Extrinsic factors, field position, condition of practice (match/training), time of season, and training load also have influence on the occurrence of shoulder injuries. Conclusion: Range of motion, rotator cuff muscle weakness, and training load are important modifiable factors associated with shoulder injuries. Scapular dysfunction may also have influence. The preventive approach for shoulder injury should focus on these factors.

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Efficacy of nicotine administration on obsessions and compulsions in OCD: a systematic review

Annals of General Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12991-020-00309-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daria Piacentino ◽

Annalisa Maraone ◽

Valentina Roselli ◽

Isabella Berardelli ◽

Massimo Biondi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Case Reports ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Case Series ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Open Label ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Nicotine Administration

Abstract Background Preliminary studies have tested nicotine as a novel treatment for OCD patients who respond partially/incompletely or not at all to first and second-line treatment strategies, with the former represented by SSRIs or clomipramine, and the latter by switching to another SSRI, or augmentation with atypical antipsychotics, and/or combination with/switching to cognitive–behavioural therapy. Some studies found nicotine-induced reduction of obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive behaviour in OCD patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nicotine administration in OCD patients. Methods We searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect Scopus, CINHAL, Cochrane, PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES, and EMBASE databases from inception to the present for relevant papers. The ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses’ (PRISMA) standards were used. We included all studies focusing on the effects of nicotine administration on OCD patients’ obsessions or compulsions. Studies could be open-label, cross-sectional, randomized controlled trials, case series or case reports. Results A total of five studies could be included. Nicotine administration may ameliorate behavioural features and recurrent thoughts of severe, treatment-resistant OCD patients; however, in one study it was not associated with OC symptom improvement or cognitive enhancement across various executive function subdomains. Conclusions Although encouraging, the initial positive response from the use of nicotine in OCD needs testing in large controlled studies. This, however, raises ethical issues related to nicotine administration, due to its addiction potential, which were not addressed in the limited literature we examined. As an alternative, novel treatments with drugs able to mimic only the positive effects of nicotine could be implemented.

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Is Non-Chlamydial Non-Gonococcal Urethritis Associated with Significant Clinical Complications in Men? A Systematic Review

Current Urology ◽

10.1159/000499266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cassandra E.L. Fairhead ◽

Alexander Hampson ◽

Louis Dwyer-Hemmings ◽

Nikhil Vasdev

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Reactive Arthritis ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Research ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gonococcal Urethritis ◽

Clinical Complications

Background: It is estimated that between 50 and 89% of non-gonococcal urethritis is not caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Associations between non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) with balanoposthitis, epididymo-orchitis and reactive arthritis have been suggested, but evidence to support these often-theoretical relationships is sparse and further investigation is called for. Concerns over increasing antimicrobial resistance has rendered the need for clarity over this question ever more pressing in recent years. A review of the current evidence on the complications of NCNGU in men is therefore urgently warranted. Objective: This systematic review summarizes and evaluates the available evidence that NCNGU, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, causes the significant complications that are already well-recognized to be associated with non-gonococcal urethritis. These significant complications are epididymo-orchitis, balanoposthitis, and sexually-acquired reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome) including arthritis or conjunctivitis. Summary: We conducted a systematic review and qualitative synthesis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis framework. Five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and British Nursing Index) were searched. We included studies that measured clinical outcome after diagnosis of NCNGU in men. Bias was assessed using variations of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were extracted and entered into a pre-written data abstraction proforma. Seven peer-review studies were included. This included 2 retrospective cohort studies, 1 case series, 2 case reports and 2 cross-sectional studies. The studies described and analyzed 3 types of complication: balanitis, posthitis and/or meatitis; reactive arthritis and/or conjunctivitis; and epididymitis. All studies reported one or more complications. Key Messages: This review identifies an important avenue for future research: while the available evidence suggests that NCNGU has the potential to cause significant complications in men, with the strongest evidence existing for balanitis, posthitis and/or meatitis, the nature and significance of these relationships is far from clear. The findings of this review suggest that prospective, adequately powered research into whether there is a causal link between NCNGU and significant clinical complications in men would be highly worthwhile. The findings of this review raise important questions about the utility of the term NCNGU in research and clinical practice.

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Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports: a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2017-098254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (20) ◽

pp. 1312-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Martin Asker ◽

Hannah L Brooke ◽

Markus Waldén ◽

Ulrika Tranaeus ◽

Fredrik Johansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Injury Prevention ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Shoulder Injuries ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Best Evidence Synthesis ◽

Overhead Sports

ObjectiveTo assess the evidence for risk factors and prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports.DesignSystematic review with best-evidence synthesis.Data sourcesMedline (Ovid), PubMed (complementary search), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane (Wiley), SPORTDiscus (Ebsco) and Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters), from 1 January 1990 to 15 May 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies on risk factors or prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports. The eligible studies were quality assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria.ResultsOf 4778 studies identified, 38 were eligible for quality review and 17 met the quality criteria to be included in the evidence synthesis. One additional quality study presented a shoulder injury prevention programme. Most studies focused on baseball, lacrosse or volleyball (n=13). The risk factors examined included participation level (competition vs training) (n=10), sex (n=4), biomechanics (n=2) and external workload (n=2). The evidence for all risk factors was limited or conflicting. The effect of the prevention programme within the subgroup of uninjured players at baseline was modest and possibly lacked statistical power.ConclusionsAll investigated potential risk factors for shoulder injury in overhead sports had limited evidence, and most were non-modifiable (eg, sex). There is also limited evidence for the effect of shoulder injury prevention measures in overhead sports.PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42015026850.

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Oral Manifestations in Patients with COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520957289 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002203452095728 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Amorim dos Santos ◽

A.G.C. Normando ◽

R.L. Carvalho da Silva ◽

A.C. Acevedo ◽

G. De Luca Canto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Case Reports ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Manifestation ◽

Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽

Taste Disorders ◽

Mucosal Lesions ◽

Erythematous Plaques

This living systematic review aims to summarize evidence on the prevalence of oral signs and symptoms in patients with COVID-19. The review was reported per the PRISMA checklist, and the literature search was conducted in 6 databases and in gray literature. Studies published in any language mentioning oral symptoms and signs in patients with COVID-19 were included. The risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. The certainty of evidence was evaluated through GRADE assessment. After a 2-step selection, 40 studies were included: 33 cross-sectional and 7 case reports. Overall, 10,228 patients (4,288 males, 5,770 females, and 170 unknown) from 19 countries were assessed. Gustatory impairment was the most common oral manifestation, with a prevalence of 45% (95% CI, 34% to 55%; I2 = 99%). The pooled eligible data for different taste disorders were 38% for dysgeusia and 35% for hypogeusia, while ageusia had a prevalence of 24%. Taste disorders were associated with COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 12.68; 95% CI, 6.41 to 25.10; I2 = 63%; P < 0.00001), mild/moderate severity (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.25 to 3.49; I2 = 66%; P = 0.005), and female patients (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.17; I2 = 70%; P = 0.0007). Oral mucosal lesions presented multiple clinical aspects, including white and erythematous plaques, irregular ulcers, small blisters, petechiae, and desquamative gingivitis. Tongue, palate, lips, gingiva, and buccal mucosa were affected. In mild cases, oral mucosal lesions developed before or at the same time as the initial respiratory symptoms; however, in those who required medication and hospitalization, the lesions developed approximately 7 to 24 d after onset symptoms. Therefore, taste disorders may be common symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and should be considered in the scope of the disease’s onset and progression. Oral mucosal lesions are more likely to present as coinfections and secondary manifestations with multiple clinical aspects (PROSPERO CRD42020184468).

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