scholarly journals Flying Ad Hoc Networks: A New Domain for Network Communications

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Guillen-Perez ◽  
Maria-Dolores Cano
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
The Impact

The advent of flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) has opened an opportunity to create new added-value services. Even though it is clear that these networks share common features with its predecessors, e.g., with mobile ad hoc networks and with vehicular ad hoc networks, there are several unique characteristics that make FANETs different. These distinctive features impose a series of guidelines to be considered for its successful deployment. Particularly, the use of FANETs for telecommunication services presents demanding challenges in terms of quality of service, energy efficiency, scalability, and adaptability. The proper use of models in research activities will undoubtedly assist to solve those challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we review mobility, positioning, and propagation models proposed for FANETs in the related scientific literature. A common limitation that affects these three topics is the lack of studies evaluating the influence that the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) may have in the on-board/embedded communication devices, usually just assuming isotropic or omnidirectional radiation patterns. For this reason, we also investigate in this work the radiation pattern of an 802.11 n/ac (WiFi) device embedded in a UAV working on both the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. Our findings show that the impact of the UAV is not negligible, representing up to a 10 dB drop for some angles of the communication links.

scholarly journals VaNetChain: A Framework for Trustworthy Exchanges of Information in VANETs Based on Blockchain and a Virtualization Layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7930
Author(s):  
Paúl Vintimilla-Tapia ◽  
Jack Bravo-Torres ◽  
Martín López-Nores ◽  
Pablo Gallegos-Segovia ◽  
Esteban Ordóñez-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Reputation Mechanisms ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) face challenges related to the reliability of the data exchanged and the unstability of the communication links. These shortcomings have hampered the development of the long-awaited applications that would turn roads into a smart environment. We present a framework to deploy such services, in which a virtualization layer ensures means to efficiently deliver messages between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) and, on top of that, blockchain technology is used to enable features of data integrity, traceability, and reliability that cannot be furnished by existing consensus and reputation mechanisms. A simulation experiment is included to determine the optimal number of RSUs to be installed as supporting infrastructure in a city.

Handoff Schemes in Mobile Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Libin Thomas ◽  
J Sandeep ◽  
Bhargavi Goswami ◽  
Joy Paulose
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Environments ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Mobile Environment ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Handoff Schemes

Vehicular ad-hoc networks are one of the most popular applications of Ad-hoc networks, where networks are formed without any sort of physical connecting medium and can be formed whenever required. It is an area in networks that has enjoyed a considerable amount of attention for quite some time. Due to the highly mobile environment where these networks find their usability, it can be understood that there are a lot of problems with respect to maintaining the communication links between the moving vehicular nodes and the static infrastructures which act as the access points (AP) for these moving vehicular mobile nodes (MN). The coverage area of each AP is limited and as such, the connections need to be re-established time and again between the MNs and the closest accessible AP. Handoff is the process involved here, which deals with selecting the optimal APs as well as the best network available for data transmission. In this article, the authors compare various handoff methods and categorize them based on the different approaches they follow.

A Game Incentive Scheme Integrating Punishment in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Song Gui ◽  
Zhi Gang Chen ◽  
Xiao Heng Deng
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Incentive Scheme ◽  
Selfish Nodes ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

In vehicular ad hoc networks, uncooperative behaviors will impact the reliability of comfort applications, as well as drivers’ decisions, and even invoke serious traffic accidents. In this paper, we propose a novel game incentive scheme to stimulate cooperation among vehicle nodes, consider selfish nodes’ expectations to future payoff and their long-term desires for profit, and show analytically the three incentive-compatible conditions under which selfish nodes will be deterred from cheating by the subsequent punishments. We also discuss the impact on selfish nodes’ behavior, which is caused by their willingness for future collaboration, the parameter values of punishment mechanism and the variation of network load. Simulation results show that, the increase of network load and the deterioration of node’s future profit expectation will motivate nodes toward self-interested action, but our scheme can neutralize this tendency by the careful configuration of punishment parameters, and have favorable incentive effect.

scholarly journals A Multivariant Stream Analysis Approach to Detect and Mitigate DDoS Attacks in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raenu Kolandaisamy ◽  
Rafidah Md Noor ◽  
Ismail Ahmedy ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Reza Z’aba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Ddos Attacks ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are rapidly gaining attention due to the diversity of services that they can potentially offer. However, VANET communication is vulnerable to numerous security threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Dealing with these attacks in VANET is a challenging problem. Most of the existing DDoS detection techniques suffer from poor accuracy and high computational overhead. To cope with these problems, we present a novel Multivariant Stream Analysis (MVSA) approach. The proposed MVSA approach maintains the multiple stages for detection DDoS attack in network. The Multivariant Stream Analysis gives unique result based on the Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication through Road Side Unit. The approach observes the traffic in different situations and time frames and maintains different rules for various traffic classes in various time windows. The performance of the MVSA is evaluated using an NS2 simulator. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the MVSA regarding detection accuracy and reducing the impact on VANET communication.

Applications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 229-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzung-Shi Chen ◽  
Hua-Wen Tsai ◽  
Yi-Shiang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Communication Needs

The various sensors and wireless communication devices have been extensively applied to daily life due to the advancements of microelectronics mechanism and wireless technologies. Recently, vehicular communication systems and applications become more and more important to people in daily life. Vehicular communication systems that can transmit and receive information to and from individual vehicles have the potential to significantly increase the safety of vehicular transportation, improve traffic flow on congested roads, and decrease the number of people of deaths and injuries in vehicular collisions effectively. This system relies on direct communication between vehicles to satisfy the communication needs of a large class of applications, such as collision avoidance, passing assistance, platooning. In addition, vehicular communication systems can be supplemented by roadside infrastructure to access Internet and other applications. This system forms a special case of mobile ad hoc networks called Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). They can be formed between vehicles with vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication or between vehicles and an infrastructure with vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication. The applications and characteristics of VANETs are introduced and presented in this Chapter.

scholarly journals Parameter Based Efficient & Reliable Routing Technique to Enhance Network Lifetime for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Asha K S ◽  
Rajeshwari Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Reliable Routing ◽  
Intermittent Connectivity ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

Some Inherent Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) characteristics such as intermittent connectivity, highly dynamic topology, and hard delay constraints, make data communication a challenging task in these networks. Due to such peculiarities, in this paper we study the impact of using vehicles predicted locations as a metric for data communication in VANETs. This paper deals with PBERR (Parameter Based Efficient Reliable Routing) for VANETs, which is a multilevel routing algorithm. The focus of this algorithm is 100% data transmission from end to end with no loss or drop of data packets by selecting the reliable path. The proposed algorithm will use the data of the digital maps to limit the scope of message exchanges in the shortest path for vehicles between source and destination. Our results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution in different scenarios, especially in terms of Network throughput, Energy consumption and Average delay. 

scholarly journals Cooperative Localization Improvement Using Distance Information in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Lobo ◽  
Danilo Grael ◽  
Horacio Oliveira ◽  
Leandro Villas ◽  
Abdulaziz Almehmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Safety Applications

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANets), a precise localization system is a crucial factor for several critical safety applications. The global positioning system (GPS) is commonly used to determine the vehicles’ position estimation. However, it has unwanted errors yet that can be worse in some areas, such as urban street canyons and indoor parking lots, making it inaccurate for most critical safety applications. In this work, we present a new position estimation method called cooperative vehicle localization improvement using distance information (CoVaLID), which improves GPS positions of nearby vehicles and minimize their errors through an extended Kalman filter to execute Data Fusion using GPS and distance information. Our solution also uses distance information to assess the position accuracy related to three different aspects: the number of vehicles, vehicle trajectory, and distance information error. For that purpose, we use a weighted average method to put more confidence in distance information given by neighbors closer to the target. We implement and evaluate the performance of CoVaLID using real-world data, as well as discuss the impact of different distance sensors in our proposed solution. Our results clearly show that CoVaLID is capable of reducing the GPS error by 63%, and 53% when compared to the state-of-the-art VANet location improve (VLOCI) algorithm.

scholarly journals The Convergent Routing Scheme for Graph-Based Mechanism in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Chinnadurai S ◽  
Abinaya R
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Routing Scheme ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Reliability

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a special form of wireless networks made by vehicles communicating among themselves on roads. The conventional routing protocols proposed for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) work poorly in VANETs. As communication links break more frequently in VANETs than in MANETs, the routing reliability of such highly dynamic networks needs to be paid special attention. To date, very little research has focused on the routing reliability of VANETs on highways. In this paper, we use the evolving graph theory to model the VANET communication graph on a highway. The extended evolving graph helps capture the evolving characteristics of the vehicular network topology and determines the reliable routes preemptively. This paper is the first to propose an evolving graph-based reliable routing scheme for VANETs to facilitate quality-of-service (QoS) support in the routing process. A new algorithm is developed to find the most reliable route in the VANET evolving graph from the source to the destination. We demonstrate, through the simulation results, that our proposed scheme significantly outperforms the related protocols in the literature.

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