scholarly journals Improving Plant-Based Genotoxicity Bioassay for Trace Metal-Contaminated Water: Insights from Myriophyllum Aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. and Cd.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Coppi ◽  
Ilaria Colzi ◽  
Lorenzo Lastrucci ◽  
Maria Beatrice Castellani ◽  
Cristina Gonnelli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Aflp Fingerprinting ◽  
Myriophyllum Aquaticum ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract In this work, we evaluated whether the species Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. can be a promising material for devising reliable ecotoxicological tests for Cd contaminated waters. Plants of M. aquaticum were exposed to Cd, using different concentrations and exposure times, in order to address as many possible effects as possible of its presence. Plant growth and Cd accumulation were monitored along the treatment period and Cd genotoxicity was assessed by analyzing Cd-induced changes in the AFLP fingerprinting profiles. Root and shoot growth was reduced already at the lowest Cd concentration used (1 mg L-1). Shoots showed a higher Cd sensitivity and a lower accumulation, thus being chosen as the more suitable organ for the genotoxic analysis. DNA variation was observed starting from 2.5 mg L-1, indicating that the metal-induced depression of plant growth at the lower concentration did not necessarily imply a genotoxic effect. Similar results were obtained in the time-dependent experiment, since Cd effect on DNA fingerprinting profile was observed after three days of exposure and without a significant growth decrease growth. Therefore, our results showed that M. aquaticum proved to be a suitable model system for the investigation of Cd genotoxicity through AFLP fingerprinting profile, whereas the more classic eco-toxicological tests based only on biometric parameters could underestimate the risk associated to undetected Cd genotoxicity.

Uptake, Translocation, and Herbicidal Effect of Diphenamid

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Deli ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
The Difference

Root application ofN,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) caused reduction of root and shoot growth of oats (Avena sativaL., var. Jaycee) seedlings. Shoot application did not affect plant growth, but studies with labeled diphenamid showed that diphenamid will enter also through the shoot. In ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceaL.), a considerable amount of label was translocated from the roots to the shoots, but not in oats seedlings. The difference in tolerance between these two species (oats susceptible, morningglory resistant) may lie in the ability of morningglory to translocate diphenamid out of the roots into the shoots faster than oats. The inhibitory effect of diphenamid was restricted to the site of uptake. Reduction in shoot growth of treated plants was the result of the limited root system and it was not a direct effect of diphenamid. Diphenamid was 10 times as toxic to oats as its metabolites. Oats seedlings inhibited by diphenamid for up to 5 days, and then placed in water recovered from the diphenamid caused inhibition. The resumed root growth appeared to be normal. The amount of uptake of14C-labeled sucrose by excised roots treated with 10−5M diphenamid was equal to that in untreated roots; however, more sugar was incorporated into the untreated roots than the treated roots. It appears that diphenamid is a reversible metabolic inhibitor; it inhibits cell division in the root tip perhaps by limiting utilization of substrates in the cells.

IV.—Studies on Periodicity in Plant Growth. Part II: Correlation in Root and Shoot Growth

1915 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Rosalind Crosse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Periodicity

Part I of this work on Growth Periodicity (Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxiii, Part I (No. 8), p. 85) dealt with the occurrence of a four-day periodicity in plant organs and with rhythm in roots. With reference to the latter, the following conclusions were deduced from various observations made up to that time:—1. “Roots exhibit a periodicity under ordinary conditions of environment which differs from that of shoots.2. “Owing to correlation, the root periodicity is affected by changes in the root rhythm, but to what extent has yet to be determined.”Since then, numerous experiments have been performed to find out whether any correlation exists between the growth of the root and the shoot, and if so, the nature of such a correlation.

Involvement of Abscisic Acid in Controlling Plant Growth in Soil of Low Water Potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Munns ◽  
RE Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Soil

Hormones appear to be important in controlling plant growth in soils of low water potential, particularly in changing the root:shoot ratio as the soil dries or becomes saline, and in communicating soil conditions to the leaves. This review has necessarily focused on abscisic acid (ABA), as there is little information about the role of other hormones in controlling growth in dry or saline soils. ABA is partly responsible for the differential response of root and shoot growth to dry soils. In dry soil it maintains root growth and inhibits shoot growth. However, when applied to well-watered plants, it usually inhibits root and shoot growth, showing that plants in dry soil respond quite differently from well-watered plants. ABA affects the rate of cell expansion in plants in dry soils: it maintains cell expansion in roots and inhibits that in leaves. It may also affect the rate of cell production, but little is known about this. The role of ABA as a long-distance signal in controlling growth by root-to-shoot communication is unclear: the concentrations found in xylem sap can affect stomatal conductance, but seem too low to affect leaf expansion. Yet drought and salinity generally affect leaf expansion before they affect leaf conductance. A possible solution to this puzzle is that ABA is transported in xylem sap in a complexed form, or that another compound in xylem sap stimulates the synthesis or activity of ABA in leaves, or affects leaf expansion independently of ABA.

scholarly journals Estimation of Plant Growth Promoting Potential of Two Nickel Accumulating Morphotypes Isolated from River Hooghly on Indian Yellow Mustard (Brassica hirta)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
Tanoy Mukherjee ◽  
Avijit Ghosh ◽  
Santanu Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Brassica Hirta ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Pgp Activities ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are known to influence plant growth by various direct or indirect mechanisms. Present study was conducted with an aim to estimate the PGPB potential of two nickel tolerant bacterial isolates from river Hooghly. Isolates (I-3) (Gram negative coccobacilli) and (II-1) (Gram positive rods) were observed, among a total of 22 other isolates, to tolerate and accumulate significant amounts of nickel and also have multiple Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) activities like IAA production and phosphate solubilization. Present study also shows that seeds of yellow mustard (Brassica hirta) inoculated with both the test isolates individually, significantly enhanced root and shoot growth and also protected the plant from the various phytotoxic effects of nickel.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11107 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 413-419 

Effect of waterlogging on the severity of disease caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes in peas (Pisum sativum L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald ◽  
G Dean
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

The effect of waterlogging on the severity of disease caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes infection in field pea was measured in 2 experiments in the glasshouse. Disease significantly reduced root and shoot growth in both experiments. In a comparison of 2 cultivars with different sensitivities to waterlogging, the severity of disease was lower in the cultivar which was less sensitive to short-term waterlogging. Flooding the roots of plants after infection increased the visual symptoms of disease, but if plants were inoculated with the pathogen after flooding commenced, disease severity was reduced by waterlogging. Inoculation before waterlogging significantly reduced plant dry matter, but there was no reduction in plant growth by disease when inoculation occurred after waterlogging commenced. The results suggest that waterlogging of peas already infected with Mycosphaerella pinodes may result in more severe infection and greater reductions in plant growth, and cultivars more sensitive to waterlogging damage may also suffer greater losses from disease.

scholarly journals Container Design Affects Shoot and Root Growth of Vegetable Plant

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-794
Author(s):  
Jesús Gallegos ◽  
Juan E. Álvaro ◽  
Miguel Urrestarazu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Vertical Walls

The response of root growth in containers has been studied in recent decades. The objective was to evaluate the effect of four types of containers on root and shoot growth. The containers were two shapes, round and square, and in some containers, internal vertical walls (IVWs) were placed that increased the internal container surface area with two substrates: perlite and coir fiber. Seedlings of cucumber, pepper, and tomato were transplanted. Two experiments were performed: vegetative growth and drought stress by partial decapitation and a period without fertigation. After decapitation, preexisting and new leaf area, dry biomass or the leaves, and stem were measured. The results revealed that the type of container had no effect, nor were there significant differences between substrates. The containers with IVWs exhibited an increase in biomass and the root surface. The total contact surface with the substrate of the four container types was closely related to the recorded plant growth. Thus, IVWs not only decrease mechanical problems of roots by preventing spiralling but also favor the production of biomass in vegetable plants and substantially increase the root, enabling the plants to manage water deficit and potentially improve posttransplant stress.

scholarly journals Effect of BAU-Biofungicide, Neem Oil and a Nematicide on the Root-Knot (Meloidogyne javanica) of Papaya (Carica papaya)

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAA Pradhan ◽  
MM Rahaman ◽  
SK Paul ◽  
MU Ahamad ◽  
BK Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Nematode Development ◽  
Growth Characters

In a pot experiment, BAU-Biofungicide (Trichoderma harzianum) neem oil and  curaterr (carbofuran) 5G were tested against root-knot (Meloidogyne javanica)  of two papaya varieties Kashempuri and Deshi papaya. Seedlings were  inoculated with second stage larvae of M. javanica. Neem oil (5 ml/ 10g seeds)  and BAU-Biofungicide (1:4) were used as seed treatant and curaterr as side  dressing. Both the bio-agents significantly increased the root and shoot growth  of papaya plant and reduction of galls and eggmasses and suppressed the  development of J2, J3, and J4 and adult females of M. javanica. Efficacy of  BAU-Biofungicide was to reduce the gall and nematode development and to  increase plant growth was similar to nematicide curaterr. BAU-Biofungicide  gave higher effect in most of the growth characters compared to neem oil and  prevented the development of adult females and juveniles like nematicide  curaterr. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11230 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 271-277, June 2012

Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Ilahi Shaik* ◽  
P. Janakiram ◽  
Sujatha L. ◽  
Sushma Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

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