Effects of Unilateral Nasal Obstruction on the Development of the Cortical Masticatory Area in Growing Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyo Fujita ◽  
Chiho Kato ◽  
Yasunori Abe ◽  
Hideyuki ishidori ◽  
Ruixin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Cont Group ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Right

Abstract The cortical masticatory area (CMA) regulates masticatory movements and controls rhythmic jaw movements. However, information regarding the effect of respiratory disturbances on the functional development of the CMA remains limited. This study aimed to examine the effect of chronic unilateral nasal obstruction (UNO) on the motor representation of the anterior digastric (AD) muscle during the growth period. Forty-eight 8-day-old male Wistar albino rats were randomized into control (CONT, n=24) and UNO (n=24) groups. Both groups underwent intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) at ages 5, 7, and 9 weeks. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the number of positive ICMS sites for the AD muscle were measured throughout the experiment. The SpO2 values were significantly lower in the UNO group than in the CONT group at each age. Further, the number of positive ICMS sites for the AD muscle was significantly higher in the UNO group than in the CONT group at each age. Intragroup comparisons revealed that the number of positive ICMS sites increased with age. The onset latencies of the evoked AD potential significantly differed between the right and left sides. However, no differences were found between the CONT and UNO groups at any age. These findings suggest that UNO during development induces changes in the motor representation in the CMA.

Effect of unilateral nasal obstruction on tongue protrusion forces in growing rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 1128-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Harumi Uchima Koecklin ◽  
Chiho Kato ◽  
Yukiha Funaki ◽  
Maya Hiranuma ◽  
Takayoshi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Contraction Force ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Mouth breathing caused by nasal obstruction affects the normal growth and development of craniofacial structures, including changes in the orofacial muscles. Tongue muscles play an important role in patency of the pharyngeal airway, and changes in the breathing pattern may influence tongue function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral nasal obstruction during growth on contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles. Sixty 6-day-old male Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into control ( n = 30) and experimental ( n = 30) groups. Rats in the experimental group underwent a unilateral nasal obstruction after cauterization of the external nostril at the age of 8 days, and muscle contractile characteristics were measured at 5, 7, and 9 wk of age. The specific parameters measured were twitch force, contraction time, half-decay time, tetanic force, and fatigue index. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used for intergroup and intragroup statistical comparisons. Twitch contraction force and half-decay time were significantly increased in the experimental group at all ages. Tetanic forces at 60 and 80 Hz were significantly higher in the experimental group at all ages. The fatigue index was decreased significantly in the experimental group at the age of 5 wk. These results suggest that early unilateral nasal obstruction may increase the contraction force of the tongue-protruding muscles and prolong the duration of muscle contraction, which may influence the shape and development of the craniofacial complex.

Balloon dilation of the right ventricular outflow tract in tetralogy of Fallot: a palliative procedure

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh M. Arab ◽  
Abdel-Fattah E. Kholeif ◽  
Salah R. Zaher ◽  
Aly M. Abdel-Mohsen ◽  
A. Samir Kassem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Palliative Procedure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

AbstractFifteen patients requiring palliation for tetralogy of Fallot were treated by balloon dilation because of hypercyanotic spells. The mean age at dilation was 1.9 ± 0.7 years (range 0.5 – 3), and the mean weight 9.8 ± 2.1kg (range 6.0 –13.5). Dilation of the outflow tract was combined with dilation of the left and/or right pulmonary arteries in 5 patients. Successful dilation was achieved in 12 patients (80%), but failed in 3 patients with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries. In one patient, the stenosis of the right pulmonary artery could not be dilated because of a very sharp angle at the site of the stenosis. Two of the 3 patients in whom the procedure failed died of severe cyanotic spells within 24 hours of the unsuccessful procedure. No major complications occurred during or after the procedure in the cases undergoing successful dilation. The arterial oxygen saturation increased significantly, from 71 ± 5.7% to 89 ± 3.9%, immediately after the procedure (p < 0.005). During a period of follow up of 6 ± 3.7 months (range 1 – 13), the procedure was repeated on 3 occasions, and successfully accomplished in 2 of these. In conclusion, balloon dilation is a satisfactory palliative procedure for tetralogy of Fallot in those units in which total correction is not performed under 2 to 3 years of age.

Long-term results after palliative intra-cardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot and diminutive pulmonary arteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1039
Author(s):  
Yoichi Kawahira ◽  
Kyoichi Nishigaki ◽  
Koji Kagisaki ◽  
Takuji Watanabe ◽  
Kazuki Tanimoto
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackground:In patients with tetralogy of Fallot with the diminutive pulmonary arteries, we sometimes have to give up the complete intra-cardiac repair due to insufficient growth of the pulmonary arteries. We have carried out palliative intra-cardiac repair using a fenestrated patch.Methods:Of all 202 patients with tetralogy of Fallot in our centre since 1996, five patients (2.5%) with the diminutive pulmonary arteries underwent palliative intra-cardiac repair using a fenestrated patch. Mean operative age was 1.8 years. Previous operation was Blalock–Taussig shunt in 4. At operation, the ventricular septal defect was closed using a fenestrated patch and the right ventricular outflow tract was enlarged. Follow-up period was 9.8 ± 2.6 years.Results:There were no operative and late deaths. Fenestration closed spontaneously on its own in four patients 2.7 ± 2.1 years after the intra-cardiac repair with a stable haemodynamics; however, the last patient with the smallest pulmonary artery index had supra-systemic pressure of the right ventricle post-operatively. The fenestration was emergently enlarged. Systemic arterial oxygen saturation was significantly and dramatically increased from 83.5 to 94% after the palliative intra-cardiac repair, and to 98% at the long term. A ratio of systolic pressure of the right ventricle to the left was significantly decreased to 0.76 ± 0.12 at the long term. Now all five patients were Ross classification class I.Conclusion:Although frequent catheter and surgical interventions were needed after the palliative intra-cardiac repair, this repair might be a choice improving quality of life with good results in patients with tetralogy of Fallot associated with the diminutive pulmonary arteries.

scholarly journals Unilateral nasal obstruction affects motor representation development within the face primary motor cortex in growing rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Abe ◽  
Chiho Kato ◽  
Karin Harumi Uchima Koecklin ◽  
Hidemasa Okihara ◽  
Takayoshi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Experimental Group

Postnatal growth is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Nasal obstruction during growth alters the electromyographic activity of orofacial muscles. The facial primary motor area represents muscles of the tongue and jaw, which are essential in regulating orofacial motor functions, including chewing and jaw opening. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic unilateral nasal obstruction during growth on the motor representations within the face primary motor cortex (M1). Seventy-two 6-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control ( n = 36) and experimental ( n = 36) groups. Rats in the experimental group underwent unilateral nasal obstruction after cauterization of the external nostril at 8 days of age. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) mapping was performed when the rats were 5, 7, 9, and 11 wk old in control and experimental groups ( n = 9 per group per time point). Repeated-measures multivariate ANOVA was used for intergroup and intragroup statistical comparisons. In the control and experimental groups, the total number of positive ICMS sites for the genioglossus and anterior digastric muscles was significantly higher at 5, 7, and 9 wk, but there was no significant difference between 9 and 11 wk of age. Moreover, the total number of positive ICMS sites was significantly smaller in the experimental group than in the control at each age. It is possible that nasal obstruction induced the initial changes in orofacial motor behavior in response to the altered respiratory pattern, which eventually contributed to face-M1 neuroplasticity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unilateral nasal obstruction in rats during growth periods induced changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and altered development of the motor representation within the face primary cortex. Unilateral nasal obstruction occurring during growth periods may greatly affect not only respiratory function but also craniofacial function in rats. Nasal obstruction should be treated as soon as possible to avoid adverse effects on normal growth, development, and physiological functions.

Bubble contrast echocardiography in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after modified Fontan operations

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Strömvall Larsson ◽  
Laszlo Solymar ◽  
Bengt O. Eriksson ◽  
Anne de Wahl Granelli ◽  
Mats Mellander
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Contrast Echocardiography ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Colloid Solution ◽  
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
The Right

The development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is a well-known complication after Fontan operations, and may result in significant morbidity due to increasing arterial desaturation. We compared the use of bubble contrast echocardiography and pulmonary angiography in detecting such malformations. We also examined which anatomical and haemodynamic variables were associated with their development. Our study includes 20 patients who had undergone modified Fontan procedures, 10 with atriopulmonary and 10 with total cavopulmonary connections, in Gothenburg between 1980 and 1991. All patients underwent cardiac catheterisation and pulmonary angiography. Bubble contrast echocardiography was performed at the same time, with injection of agitated polygelin colloid solution (Haemaccel, Hoechst) into the right and left pulmonary arteries, respectively. Transoesophageal echocardiography was used to detect the appearance of bubble contrast in the pulmonary venous atrium. The aim was also to evaluate the role of hepatic venous blood. Of the 20 patients, 9 (45%) had a positive contrast echocardiography study, compared with only 2 (10%) detected by pulmonary angiography. Patients with positive contrast echocardiography had a significantly lower arterial oxygen saturation than those with negative studies, both at rest (88% vs 95%, p < 0.01) and during exercise testing (78% vs 89%, p = 0.01). Bubble contrast echocardiography is much more sensitive in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous malformations than pulmonary angiography. By injecting echo contrast into the right and left pulmonary arteries, the method can be made highly selective. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations develop much more frequently in patients with the Fontan circulation than previously reported.

Arterial blood gases of the domestic hen

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Chiodi ◽  
James W. Terman
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Dissociation Curve ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Domestic Hen

Individual blood samples were collected anaerobically from the brachial arteries of adult White Rock hens and were analyzed for Po2, Pco2, pH, oxygen content and capacity, and CO2 content and capacity. A dissociation curve was constructed from data on equilibration of pooled venous blood. The average arterial oxygen saturation was 90%, the Pco2 was about 32 mm Hg, the Po2 was between 94 and 99 mm Hg, and the pH averaged 7.49. The dissociation curve, as has been shown before, was shifted to the right of most homeothermic species.

scholarly journals The influence of subchronic co-application of vitamins B6 and folic acid on cardiac oxidative stress and biochemical markers in monocrotaline-induced heart failure in male Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Jakovljevic Uzelac ◽  
Tatjana Djukic ◽  
Slavica Mutavdzin ◽  
Sanja Stankovic ◽  
Milica Labudovic Borovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Right

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that subchronic co-application of vitamins B6 and folic acid (FA) could affect heart failure (HF) induced by monocrotaline (MCT), with the modulation of oxidative stress parameters and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Biochemical and histomorphometric analyses were assessed in blank solution-exposed controls (C1 physiological saline 1 mL/kg, 1 day, n = 8; C2 physiological saline 1 mL/kg, 28 days, n = 8), MCT-induced HF (MCT 50 mg/kg, n = 8), B6+FA (vitamin B6 7 mg·kg–1·day–1, FA 5 mg·kg–1·day–1; n = 8), and MCT+B6+FA (MCT 50 mg/kg, vitamin B6 7 mg·kg–1·day–1, FA 5 mg·kg–1·day–1; n = 8) in male Wistar albino rats (body mass 160 g at the start). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, thiol-, carbonyl groups, and nitrotyrosine were determined in cardiac tissue. Echocardiography was performed to confirm MCT-induced HF. The right ventricular wall hypertrophy, accompanied with significant increase of troponin T and preserved renal and liver function, has been shown in MCT-induced HF. However, these effects were not related to antioxidant effects of vitamin B6 and FA, since several parameters of oxidative stress were more pronounced after treatment. In this study, co-application of vitamins B6 and FA did not attenuate hypertrophy of the right ventricle wall but aggravated oxidative stress, which is involved in HF pathogenesis.

scholarly journals DOES THE INTRATYMPANIC APPLICATION OF MESNA PREVENT THE CHOLESTEATOMA? AN EXPERIMENTAL RATS STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BİLAL SİZER ◽  
Aylin Gül ◽  
Songül Karababa Demir
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose Studying the effect of Mesna on middle ear otitis media and cholesteatoma induced by propylene glycol on an experimental animal model. Methods The study was designed to consist of sixteen Wistar albino rats, their right ears being the control group and left ears being the experiment group. %50 propylene glycol, gentamicinsulfate and physiologic salt water were applied to the right ear and %50 propylene glycol, gentamicinsulfate and %20 Mesna were administered to the left ear through intratympanic injections on days 1, 3, 8, 15 and 21. The rats were sacrificed 45 days after the first injection and underwent histopathological examination. Results It was seen that cholesteatoma and fibrosis were less common in the experiment group in microscopic evaluation. A statistically significant decrease was observed when the average and maximum thicknesses of the tympanic membranes and the minimum thicknesses of the tympanic bulla of the control group and the experiment group were compared. (p< 0.05) Conclusion In the experimental cholesteatoma model created in rats, no statistical significance was observed, indicating that Mesna, which was applied intratympanically, completely prevented the formation of cholesteatoma. However, it was found that the prevalence of cholesteatoma formation was microscopically less in the experimental group.

Detection of extrinsic bronchial compression during foreign body removal by pulse oximetry

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
M. S. C. Morrissey ◽  
P. J. H. Venn ◽  
H. Y. Chan ◽  
H. Whittet
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Foreign Body Removal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bronchial Compression

AbstractA case of stridor is described which was due to the presence of a foreign body in the larynx of an infant. Following partial removal, compression of the right main bronchus was detected because of continuing low arterial oxygen saturation. The use of pulse oximetry allowed this complication to be identified, and the advantages of this method of monitoring are discussed.

scholarly journals Carcinoid heart disease of gonadal primary presenting with hypoxia: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan O’Driscoll ◽  
Abhisheik Prashar ◽  
George Youssef ◽  
Mark Sader
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽  
Carcinoid Tumour ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Carcinoid Heart Disease ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
The Right ◽  
Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumour

Abstract Background Carcinoid heart disease is a potential sequela of metastatic neuroendocrine tumour that has characteristic valve appearances. Patients can present with symptoms of carcinoid syndrome or be relatively asymptomatic until symptoms of progressive heart failure manifest. Case summary We present a case of a 54-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital for investigation of hypoxia. Transthoracic echocardiogram was suggestive of carcinoid heart disease which subsequently led to a diagnosis of metastatic neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumour of the testicular primary. Work-up revealed a patent foramen ovale with evidence of the right to left interatrial shunt from severe tricuspid regurgitation as the cause of his hypoxia. Prior to surgical excision of the primary tumour, percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure was performed resulting in improved arterial oxygen saturation and symptomatic improvement. Discussion Carcinoid heart disease typically affects the right-sided cardiac valves and the tricuspid valve appearances were critical in leading to a diagnosis of a metastatic neuroendocrine tumour in our patient. This case demonstrates that percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure can be an effective intervention for hypoxia in those not managed surgically. A high index of suspicion should be maintained for gonadal primary carcinoid tumour when there is carcinoid heart disease in the absence of liver metastases.

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