Effect of unilateral nasal obstruction on tongue protrusion forces in growing rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 1128-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Harumi Uchima Koecklin ◽  
Chiho Kato ◽  
Yukiha Funaki ◽  
Maya Hiranuma ◽  
Takayoshi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Contraction Force ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Mouth breathing caused by nasal obstruction affects the normal growth and development of craniofacial structures, including changes in the orofacial muscles. Tongue muscles play an important role in patency of the pharyngeal airway, and changes in the breathing pattern may influence tongue function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral nasal obstruction during growth on contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles. Sixty 6-day-old male Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into control ( n = 30) and experimental ( n = 30) groups. Rats in the experimental group underwent a unilateral nasal obstruction after cauterization of the external nostril at the age of 8 days, and muscle contractile characteristics were measured at 5, 7, and 9 wk of age. The specific parameters measured were twitch force, contraction time, half-decay time, tetanic force, and fatigue index. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used for intergroup and intragroup statistical comparisons. Twitch contraction force and half-decay time were significantly increased in the experimental group at all ages. Tetanic forces at 60 and 80 Hz were significantly higher in the experimental group at all ages. The fatigue index was decreased significantly in the experimental group at the age of 5 wk. These results suggest that early unilateral nasal obstruction may increase the contraction force of the tongue-protruding muscles and prolong the duration of muscle contraction, which may influence the shape and development of the craniofacial complex.

scholarly journals Nicotine and Kainic Acid Effects on Cortical Epileptic Afterdischarges in Immature Rats

2012 ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
V. RILJAK ◽  
D. MAREŠOVÁ ◽  
K. JANDOVÁ ◽  
J. POKORNÝ
Keyword(s):  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Epileptic Afterdischarges ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim of the study was to test the effect of nicotine (NIC) and kainic acid (KA) co-treatment in immature rats. Male Wistar albino rats (two different age groups) were chosen for the study. Experiments started on postnatal day (PD) 8 or 21 and animals were treated twice a day for three days with nicotine, fourth day KA was administered. Animals at PD12 (PD25 respectively) were examined electrophysiologically for cortical epileptic afterdischarges (ADs). First cortical ADs in PD12 animals were longer, when compared to PD25 rats (group treated with both substances). Nor NIC or KA treatment affected the length of discharges in PD12 rats. Older experimental group exhibited the shortening of the first ADs (group treated with NIC and KA, compared with groups exposed to single treatment). Few changes were found in KA treated group – 2nd and 4th ADs were shorter when compared with first ADs. These results demonstrate that NIC treatment played minor role in seizure susceptibility of PD12 rats, sensitivity to NIC differs during ontogenesis and subconvulsive dose of KA influenced the length of discharges only in PD25 animals.

scholarly journals Effects of Provinols on Cardiodynamics and Coronary Flow in Islodated Rat Hearts

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Ana Popovic ◽  
Olga Pechanova ◽  
Radoslava Rehakova ◽  
Vladimir Zivkovic ◽  
Ivan Srejovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Provinols are an alcohol-free extract of red wine that contains a wide range of polyphenols. Polyphenols are a group of chemical compounds found in diverse plants. Polyphenols are considered to protect against cardiovascular disease. Although some older epidemiological studies have indicated that the positive effects of red wine on heart disease can be attributed to the alcohol content alone, there is now powerful evidence that polyphenols present in red wine are responsible for these positive effects. The hearts of male Wistar albino rats (n = 36, 12 in each experimental group, 10 weeks old, body mass 250 ± 30 g) were excised and retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique at a gradually increasing perfusion pressure (40-120 cmH2O). Parameters of cardiac function (dp/dt max, dp/dt min, SLVP, DLVP, HR, CF) were measured after perfusion with three different concentrations of provinols (5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml). Administration of the highest dose (50 μg/ml) induced a significant increase in dp/dt max, dp/dt min, HR and CF compared with control conditions at CPP = 40 cmH2O, while an intermediate dose increased dp/dt max at the same CPP. Generally viewed, the results of the present study suggest that provinols may have a beneficial effect on the intact myocardium and coronary circulation. These findings could constitute an important step in further investigation of these polyphenols under different representative experimental conditions in the heart, as well as providing a good basis for potential clinical studies in this field.

scholarly journals DOES THE INTRATYMPANIC APPLICATION OF MESNA PREVENT THE CHOLESTEATOMA? AN EXPERIMENTAL RATS STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BİLAL SİZER ◽  
Aylin Gül ◽  
Songül Karababa Demir
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose Studying the effect of Mesna on middle ear otitis media and cholesteatoma induced by propylene glycol on an experimental animal model. Methods The study was designed to consist of sixteen Wistar albino rats, their right ears being the control group and left ears being the experiment group. %50 propylene glycol, gentamicinsulfate and physiologic salt water were applied to the right ear and %50 propylene glycol, gentamicinsulfate and %20 Mesna were administered to the left ear through intratympanic injections on days 1, 3, 8, 15 and 21. The rats were sacrificed 45 days after the first injection and underwent histopathological examination. Results It was seen that cholesteatoma and fibrosis were less common in the experiment group in microscopic evaluation. A statistically significant decrease was observed when the average and maximum thicknesses of the tympanic membranes and the minimum thicknesses of the tympanic bulla of the control group and the experiment group were compared. (p< 0.05) Conclusion In the experimental cholesteatoma model created in rats, no statistical significance was observed, indicating that Mesna, which was applied intratympanically, completely prevented the formation of cholesteatoma. However, it was found that the prevalence of cholesteatoma formation was microscopically less in the experimental group.

scholarly journals Effect of Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) on serum ALT and AST in Carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Sadia ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akter ◽  
Rukhsana Afroz ◽  
Tashfia Siddika
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Liver diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Punica granatum may have free radical scavenging activity and it can be used for the prevention and treatment of liver damage.Objective: To observe the hepatoprotective effects of Punica granatum on CCl4 induced liver damage in rats.Methods: The experimental study was carried out in the Dept of Physiology, Dhaka Medical Ccollege, Dhaka from July 2013 to June 2014. For this purpose, 36 wistar albino rats were studied. After acclimatization for 7 days, they were divided into two groups-control and experimental group. Control group were subdivided into BC (Baseline control), CC (CCl4 treated control) and SC (Silymarin treated control). Experimental group were subdivided into CP-APT (CCl4 pretreated and aqueous extract of pomegranate treated), CP-EPT (CCl4 pretreated and ethanolic extract of pomegranate treated) and APP-CT (Aqueous extract of pomegranate pretreated and CCl4 treated). Each sub group consisted of 6 rats. All rats received basal diet for 8 days. In addition to basal diet on 8th day, BC received single dose olive oil and CC received CCl4. Rats of SC received silymarin for 8consecutive days. In experimental groups, CP-APT received aqueous extract of Pomegranate and CP-EPT received ethanolic extract of Pomegranate for 8consecutive days. Moreover, APP-CT received aqueous extract of Pomegranate for 8 consecutive days and CCl4 only on 8th day. All rats were sacrificed on 9th day and then blood samples were collected. Serum ALT and AST levels were estimated by using standard laboratory kits. Statistical analysis was done one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test.Results: The mean serum AST and ALT levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in CC in comparison to those of BC. Serum AST and ALT levels of all experimental groups were significantly (P<0.001) lower than CC. Silymarin used as a standard reference also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicityConclusion: From the result of present study it can be concluded that, Pomegranate may have hepatoprotective effect by lowering ALT and AST levelsBangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, June; 11(1): 23-28

scholarly journals Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) Root Extract Against Gentamicin Induced Changes of Serum Urea and Creatinine Levels in Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Choudhury Shimmi ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Kidney is an important excretory organ. Its damage can be occurred due to prolonged use and higher doses of drugs, exposure to some chemicals, toxins, or infectious agents. Herbal plants as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) may have free radical scavenging activity thereby can be used for the prevention and treatment of kidney damage. Objective: To observe the nephroprotective effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2011. A total number of 35 Wistar albino rats, age ranged from 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 200 grams were included in this study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B). Control group was again subdivided into group A1 (baseline control, consisted of 10 rats) and group A2 (gentamicin treated control group, consisted of 10 rats). Again, experimental group (Group B- Ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group) consisted of 15 rats. All groups of animals received basal diet for 22 consecutive days. In addition to this, group A2 also received gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg /kg body weight/day) for the last eight (15th to 22nd day) consecutive days. Again, group B received ashwagandha root extract (500mg/kg body weight/ day; orally) for 22 consecutive days and gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg/kg body weight /day) for last eight (15th to 22nd day) days. All the animals were sacrificed on 23rd day. Then blood and kidney sample were collected. Estimation of serum urea, creatinine levels were done by using standard Laboratory kits. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: The mean serum urea, creatinine levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in gentamicin treated control group in comparison to those of baseline control. Again, these levels were significantly (p<0.01) lower in ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group (experimental group) when compared to those of gentamicin treated group (control). Conclusion: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root may have some nephroprotective effect against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9756 JBSP 2011 6(2): 84-89

Effects of Unilateral Nasal Obstruction on the Development of the Cortical Masticatory Area in Growing Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyo Fujita ◽  
Chiho Kato ◽  
Yasunori Abe ◽  
Hideyuki ishidori ◽  
Ruixin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Cont Group ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Right

Abstract The cortical masticatory area (CMA) regulates masticatory movements and controls rhythmic jaw movements. However, information regarding the effect of respiratory disturbances on the functional development of the CMA remains limited. This study aimed to examine the effect of chronic unilateral nasal obstruction (UNO) on the motor representation of the anterior digastric (AD) muscle during the growth period. Forty-eight 8-day-old male Wistar albino rats were randomized into control (CONT, n=24) and UNO (n=24) groups. Both groups underwent intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) at ages 5, 7, and 9 weeks. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the number of positive ICMS sites for the AD muscle were measured throughout the experiment. The SpO2 values were significantly lower in the UNO group than in the CONT group at each age. Further, the number of positive ICMS sites for the AD muscle was significantly higher in the UNO group than in the CONT group at each age. Intragroup comparisons revealed that the number of positive ICMS sites increased with age. The onset latencies of the evoked AD potential significantly differed between the right and left sides. However, no differences were found between the CONT and UNO groups at any age. These findings suggest that UNO during development induces changes in the motor representation in the CMA.

scholarly journals Effect of the Human Amniotic Membrane on Liver Regeneration in Rats

HPB Surgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Sipahi ◽  
Sevinç Şahin ◽  
Ergin Arslan ◽  
Hasan Börekci ◽  
Bayram Metin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Postoperative Liver Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Relative Liver Weight ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Operations are performed for broader liver surgery indications for a better understanding of hepatic anatomy/physiology and developments in operation technology. Surgery can cure some patients with liver metastasis of some tumors. Nevertheless, postoperative liver failure is the most feared complication causing mortality in patients who have undergone excision of a large liver mass. The human amniotic membrane has regenerative effects. Thus, we investigated the effects of the human amniotic membrane on regeneration of the resected liver. Methods. Twenty female Wistar albino rats were divided into control and experimental groups and underwent a 70% hepatectomy. The human amniotic membrane was placed over the residual liver in the experimental group. Relative liver weight, histopathological features, and biochemical parameters were assessed on postoperative day 3. Results. Total protein and albumin levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. No difference in relative liver weight was observed between the groups. Hepatocyte mitotic count was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Hepatic steatosis was detected in the experimental group. Conclusion. Applying the amniotic membrane to residual liver adversely affected liver regeneration. However, mesenchymal stem cell research has the potential to accelerate liver regeneration investigations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document