scholarly journals Epidemiological Traceability Investigation of a New Wave of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwan Chen ◽  
Guo Xin ZHEN ◽  
HE Chao ◽  
LV Jin Chang ◽  
GAO Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
First Case ◽  
Control Work ◽  
Diet Exposure

Abstract Background: To investigate a new wave of COVID-19 outbreaks in Beijing at the end of 2020, and to analyze the infection situation and transmission chain of each generation.Methods: Using a unified questionnaire, through the combination of field investigation and telephone survey, and with the help of trajectory big data technology to track the infected persons and close contacts for clues and case investigation. All nasal/pharyngeal swabs were collected and detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method. The propagation relationship was analyzed by using the schematic diagram of transmission chain.Results: The outbreak involved 21 infected persons (15 confirmed cases and 6 asymptomatic). The first case was only an index case rather than the source of infection. The infected persons were spread through family exposure, workplace exposure, public premises exposure, vehicle exposure, diet exposure and so on. The average incubation period was 4 days, and those who had contact during both the virus incubation period and the symptom period had a higher risk of infection (c2=30.688, P<0.001). Unprotected family exposure, diet exposure, and exposure to small spaces, such as within transport, presented a higher risk of infection (c2=33.461, P<0.001). Conclusion: Against the background of global integration, the COVID-19 situation is still grim, still can not relax. While speeding up the recovery of the economy, "external defense input and internal defense rebound" is still the top priority in China's epidemic prevention and control work.

scholarly journals Canine distemper virus infection in a lesser grison (Galictis cuja): first report and virus phylogeny

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Megid ◽  
Carlos R. Teixeira ◽  
Adriana Cortez ◽  
Marcos B. Heinemann ◽  
João M.A.P. Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Habitat Alterations ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Free Ranging

Infectious diseases in wild animals have been increasing as a result of their habitat alterations and closer contact with domestic animals. Canine distemper virus (CDV) has been reported in several species of wild carnivores, presenting a threat to wildlife conservation. We described the first case of canine distemper virus infection in lesser grison (Galictis cuja). A free-ranging individual, with no visible clinical sigs, presented sudden death after one day in captivity. Molecular diagnosis for CDV infection was performed using whole blood collected by postmortem intracardiac puncture, which resulted positive. The virus phylogeny indicated that domestic dogs were the probable source of infection.

Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 outbreak associated with likely transmission in an inflatable home paddling pool in England, June 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTR Pereboom ◽  
D Todkill ◽  
E Knapper ◽  
C Jenkins ◽  
J Hawker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Route Of Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Spread Of Infection

In June 2017, an outbreak of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 infection with phage type 21/28 and identical genotypic profiles involving three children from Staffordshire was reported. Two cases developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Person-to-person transmission via a shared inflatable home paddling pool was the most likely route of infection, following contamination by the first case. The source of infection in the first case was not identified. We recommend that individuals experiencing gastroenteritis should not bathe in paddling pools and that water should be changed at frequent intervals throughout the day to minimise the spread of infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of canicola fever

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. M. McIntyre ◽  
H. E. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The Relationship

The results of an investigation into the incidence of canicola fever amongst owners of dogs infected with L. canicola is described.Visits were made to forty-six households in which infected dogs lived. Altogether 137 household contacts were examined and blood samples from 99 or 72·3 % were tested for agglutination against L. canicola. All the sera proved negative.A detailed classification of the kinds and conditions of housing and of householders is given.Some of the difficulties in explaining the relationship between the disease in dogs and man are discussed; the results of the present survey and the experience with some reported cases of human canicola fever show that there is great variation in the risk of infection to owners and others hving in the same house with diseased dogs.Some other source of infection common to man and dog is possible.It is recommended that in the light of present knowledge greater attention should be paid to the preventive aspect and that more propaganda should be directed to make dog owners aware of the possibilities of infection and of the importance of observing hygienic principles when handling dogs and particularly when dealing with dejecta.

A field investigation of kennel cough: Incubation period and clinical signs

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Thrusfield ◽  
C. G. G. Aitken ◽  
R. H. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Field Investigation

scholarly journals The New Normal in Dentistry after COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Amit Tirth ◽  
Md Nazamuddin Tafadar ◽  
Ravishankar Lingesha Telgi ◽  
Monika Dr
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
First Case ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Health Organization

The outbreak of SARS-COV2 responsible COVID-19 disease created a worldwide health emergency. After its first case was accounted for in 2019, 31st December by World Health Organization in Wuhan city of china, and afterward spreading in different nations, with India surpassing cases even the inception nation as on twentieth of May 2020. The WHO declared the disease as pandemic way back and countries over the world adoptinglockdown and contact tracing to limit the contagion. The virus transmits person-to-person predominantlythrough respiratory routes through direct contact, droplets and possibly aerosols. Because of the unique nature of practice in dentistry, most procedure generate significant amount of aerosols and droplets, posing a possible risk of infection transmission. Understanding the concern of risk of transmission in dental practice, this literature is aimed to discuss the possible risk associated with practice and aim to raise awareness of the same with preventive measures especially after the lockdown end in day to day practice.

scholarly journals Community-level SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in urban slum dwellers of Buenos Aires City, Argentina: a participatory research.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Figar ◽  
Vanina Pagotto ◽  
Lorena Luna ◽  
Julieta Salto ◽  
Magdalena Wagner Manslau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
First Case ◽  
Buenos Aires City

Background By July 1st, the incidence rate of RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.9% in Barrio Padre Mugica, one of the largest slums in Buenos Aires City. This study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 three months after the first case was reported. Methods Between June 10th and July 1st, a cross-sectional design was carried out on people over 14 years old, selected from a probabilistic sample of households. A finger prick sample was tested by ELISA to detect IgG-class antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Multilevel model was applied to understand sector, household and individual conditions associated with seroconvert. Results Prevalence based on IgG was 53.4% (95%IC 52.8% to 54.1%). Among the IgG positive cases, 15% reported having compatible symptoms at some point in the past two months. There is evidence of within-household clustering effect (rho=0.52; 95% IC 0.36-0.67); living with a PCR-confirmed case doubled the chance of being SARS-CoV2 IgG positive (OR 2.13; 95% IC 1.17-3.85). The highest risk of infection was found in one of the most deprived areas of the slum, the Bajo autopista sector. Discussion High seroprevalence is shown, for each symptomatic RT-qPCR-confirmed diagnosis, 9 people were IgG positive, indicating a high rate of undetected (probable asymptomatic) infections. Given that transmission among family members is a leading driver of the disease`s spread, it is unsurprising that crowded housing situations in slums are directly associated with higher risk of infection and consequently high seroprevalence levels. This study contributes to the understanding of population immunity against SARS-CoV2, its relation to living conditions and viral spread, for future decision making.

scholarly journals Conjunctivitis due to adenovirus type 19

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
J W Taylor ◽  
J W Chandler ◽  
M K Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Ocular Pathology ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Active Disease

An outbreak of unusual conjunctivitis occurred in Seattle in the summer of 1974. We found evidence of adenovirus type 19 (Ad19) infection in 28 of 42 (67%) referred cases from whom specimens for virus isolation and/or serology were obtained. Virus was isolated from conjunctiva, throats, and/or stools, often in week 2 of illness. Ad19-related cases more frequently had severe ocular pathology, transient visual impairment, and active disease for longer than a week. Secondary illnesses were more frequent in relation to Ad19 infection (26%) than to conjunctivitis of other etiology (5%, P less than 0.05). Persons with Ad19 infection commonly experienced sore throats without coughs or fevers. No common source of infection was identified in the outbreak, and illness was unrelated to occupation, residence, or family characteristics. A 3- to 8-day incubation period was suggested by two related cases.

scholarly journals Insight from a noticeable difference between two families infected with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugang Cao ◽  
Yuancheng Li ◽  
Hong Yue ◽  
Chenchen Li ◽  
Mingwu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Asymptomatic Patient ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Family Cluster ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Large Spread ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 shows a high potent of person-to-person transmission and thus contributes to a large spread of infection sweeping the world. The family cluster of infection has been paid much more attention. We reported two different families infected by SARS-CoV-2 in the context of family clustering, one of which is a typical family cluster of infection with the transmission chain being an asymptomatic patient in the incubation period. However, the outcome of another family was exactly the opposite, in which the index patient was the only individual infected and complicated with fatal ischemic stroke. These two families highlight that more attention should be paid to the distinctions underlying the family cluster of infections and the possibility of COVID-19-related stroke.

scholarly journals An Easter outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104A associated with traditional pork salami in Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Luzzi ◽  
P Galetta ◽  
M Massari ◽  
Caterina Rizzo ◽  
A M Dionisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practices ◽  
Neighbouring Region ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Matched Case

Salmonella enterica is a common cause of gastrointestinal illness in Italy. S. Typhimurium accounts for approximately 40% of isolates, and most of these strains belong to the phage type DT104. We describe the investigation of an outbreak of S. Typhimurium DT104A, a subtype never observed before in Italy, which occurred in Rome during spring 2004. We conducted a matched case control study between 24 July and 9 September 2004. Controls were matched for age and area of residence. Each case had between one and four controls. Odds of exposure to potential risk factors and vehicles for the outbreak were compared between cases and controls. A multivariate analysis was conducted to estimate adjusted Odds Ratios. Sixty-three cases of S. Typhimurium DT 104A infection with onset between 1 April and 5 May 2004 were identified. Sixty-one were residents of Rome and two were residents of a neighbouring region. Twenty-six cases (43%) were enrolled in the study. Their median age was 7.5 years. Fourteen of 26 cases and 16 of 62 controls had eaten pork salami (OR= 25.5; 95% CI 1.6- 416.8). No food samples were available for testing. In northern Italy, two months prior to the outbreak, the veterinary surveillance system identified the first isolation of S. Typhimurium DT104A in a pig isolate. Both human and pig isolates showed indistinguishable PFGE patterns. It was not possible to trace the pig after the sample was taken at slaughter. The epidemiological evidence on the implication of pork salami in this outbreak suggests that pork products can also be a vehicle for salmonella in Italy and underlines the importance of good manufacturing practices for ready-to-eat foods. This investigation highlights the value of laboratory-based surveillance in identifying community-wide outbreaks of uncommon pathogens. It also underlines the need to improve surveillance timeliness, for promptly detecting outbreaks, undergoing field investigation, and implementing control measures. Moreover, our study shows the usefulness of integrated human and animal surveillance in tracing the possible source of infection.

scholarly journals Impact of containment type on Covid-19 propagation in Morocco using the SIR model.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Lebkiri ◽  
Zakaria Abidli ◽  
Sara Jadda ◽  
Abdelrhani Mokhtari ◽  
Abdelmajid Soulaymani
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Epidemiological Model ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Over Time

Objective and mehtods: Our objective is to determine the containment effect on the spread of Covid 19 in Morocco. The methodology is based on an epidemiological study whose objective is to take stock of the current situation and to estimate the future spread of Covid-19 over time in Morocco. Several conditions were considered using the SIR epidemiological model for a better reliability of the results. During the study period from the appearance of the first case until 19 June 2020, Morocco reported 9074 cases of infections, 213 deaths with a lethality of 2.35% and a mortality of 6.04 per million inhabitants. Results and Conclusion: The results of the SIR model show a sudden increase in infections. The peak would be 4.4 million inhabitants or 12% of the total population under confined conditions. Selon ces résultats,Containment is one of the most effective methods of reducing the risk of infection. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p. S 58-S 65

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