scholarly journals Metamaterial based Printed Circuit Antenna for Blood Glucose Level Sensing Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhulfiqar Ali ◽  
Taha A. Elwi ◽  
Serkan Özbay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Microwave Techniques

Abstract Due to the urgent need to develop technologies for continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes individuals, a potential research has been applied by invoking the microwave techniques. Therefore, this work presents a novel technique based on a single port microwave circuit, antenna structure, based on Metamaterial (MTM) transmission line defected patch for sensing the blood glucose level in noninvasive process. For that, the proposed antenna is invoked to measure the blood glucose through the field leakages penetrated to the human blood through the skin. The proposed sensor is constructed from a closed loop connected to an interdigital capacitor to magnify the electric field fringing at the patch center. The proposed antenna sensor is found to operate excellently at the first mode, 0.6GHz, with S11 impedance matching less than − 10dB. The proposed sensor performance is tested experimentally with 15 cases, different patients, through measuring the change in the S11 spectra after direct touching to the sensor a finger print of a patient. The proposed sensor is found to be effectively very efficient detector for blood glucose variation with a low manufacturing cost when printed on an FR-4 substrate. The experimental measurements are analyzed mathematically to obtain the calibration equation of the sensor from the curve fitting. Finally, the theoretical and the experimental results are found to be agreed very well with a percentage of error less than 10%.

Design of Automatic Insulin Dosage Indicator for Diabetic Patients Using BMI

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Kanimozhi R ◽  
Saravanakumar S
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Insulin Dosage ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious and chronic health disease. It occurs in all age group of people, especially in adults and aged persons. It is important to measure blood glucose level frequently for the diabetes affected persons which in need to determine the appropriate insulin dosage. Along with this, the continuous glucose monitoring is vital to know whether the glucose level is in normal range. The conventional method used to measure the glucose level in blood is invasive which is infectious and a painful process. Nowadays, the non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods are widely used. In this work, the blood glucose level is measured non-invasively using IR sensor. Besides that, the indication of insulin dosage to be taken is done by determining blood glucose concentration (non- invasively) and comparing it with Body Mass Index (BMI) of the patient. The implementation is based on the variations in the intensity of the IR LED, BMI and blood density. Themethod ismore reliable than the invasive techniques.

scholarly journals Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Hyperglycemia in Noncritically Ill Inpatients Is Associated with Higher Mortality

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Sarkisian ◽  
Tanis R Fenton ◽  
Abdel Aziz Shaheen ◽  
Maitreyi Raman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is a marker of poor clinical outcomes in studies evaluating hospitalized critically ill patients.OBJECTIVES: To identify whether glycemic control is associated with health outcomes including acute coronary events, renal failure, infection, hospital length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, sepsis and mortality in noncritically ill patients administered parenteral nutrition (PN), and to compare the current standard of care for glucose monitoring at the Foothills Medical Centre (Calgary, Alberta) with the 2009 American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines.METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 100 adult (18 years of age or older) non-ICU inpatients who received PN for seven days or longer at the Foothills Medical Centre was conducted.RESULTS: Seventeen patients (17%) had a mean blood glucose level of 10.0 mmol/L or greater. PN patients with a mean blood glucose level of 10 mmol/L or greater had a higher rate of mortality than patients with a mean blood glucose level of less than 10 mmol/L (OR 7.22; 95% CI 1.08 to 48.29; P=0.042). Hyperglycemia was independently and significantly associated with mortality when adjusted for age and sex. Acute coronary events, renal failure, infection, hospital length of stay, ventilator use and ICU admissions were not associated with hyperglycemia. Only one-half of those with hyperglycemia, and none of the patients in the euglycemic group, received adequate glucose monitoring during the first two days of PN.CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemia in noncritically ill inpatients receiving PN was found to be a risk factor for increased mortality.

Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Non-Invasive Device to Detect Overnight Hypoglycemia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lesko ◽  
Stephen Seibert ◽  
Yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Invasive Device ◽  
The Individual

Research in the field of blood glucose monitoring systems has led to incredible advancements over the past several decades. The blood glucose level of a diabetic patient is vital to monitor since large swings in blood sugar can cause life threatening damage to the individual. The importance of blood glucose monitoring increases when a patient experiences hypoglycemia, which can be very dangerous. The objective of this project is to create a low cost portable device that utilizes the modular bio-signal sensor kit BITalino and Arduino Uno microcontroller to measure and process the electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals that can be associated with a drop in the subject’s blood glucose level to detect hypoglycemia in diabetics.

PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC REGRESSION APPROACHES FOR NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050043
Author(s):  
Keshava N. Acharya ◽  
M. G. Yashwanth Gowda ◽  
M. Vijay ◽  
S. Deepthi ◽  
S. Malathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Parametric

Blood glucose monitoring systems (BGMSs) play a crucial role in health care applications. Invasive measurements are more accurate while non-invasive BGMS encourage self monitoring and reduce the cost of health care. Though multiple sensor data acquisition and suitable processing improve accuracy, self-monitoring becomes difficult in such non-invasive systems due to multiple signal acquisition. This paper investigates a non-invasive BGMS prototype that renders accurate measurements by statistically processing a single sensor data. The developed prototype is based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which provides an electronic voltage that gets mapped to corresponding blood glucose level. This mapping is proposed using two different statistical regression approaches, parametric Bayesian Regression (BR) approach and the non-parametric Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) approach. Dataset is acquired from 33 subjects who visited Ramaiah Medical College Hospital, India. On each subject, voltage from the BGMS prototype and corresponding invasively obtained blood glucose level have been recorded. The BR and GPR approaches are trained with 75% of the data while the remaining 25% is used for testing. Test results show that BR approach renders root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.7[Formula: see text]mg/dL, while the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is around 2.5. The GPR with different radial basis function kernels revealed that a multiquadric kernel provides a lowest RMSE of 3.28[Formula: see text]mg/dL and lowest MAPE of 2.2, thus outperforming the parametric BR approach. Investigations also show that for a training data of less than 15 entries, BR renders better accuracy than the GPR approach.

BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL NEURAL MODEL FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALMA Y. ALANIS ◽  
BLANCA S. LEON ◽  
EDGAR N. SANCHEZ ◽  
EDUARDO RUIZ-VELAZQUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Neural Model

This paper deals with the blood glucose level modeling for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients. The model is developed using a recurrent neural network trained with an extended Kalman filter based algorithm in order to develop an affine model, which captures the nonlinear behavior of the blood glucose metabolism. The goal is to derive a dynamical mathematical model for the T1DM as the response of a patient to meal and subcutaneous insulin infusion. Experimental data given by continuous glucose monitoring system is utilized for identification and for testing the applicability of the proposed scheme to T1DM subjects.

scholarly journals Detection of Blood Glucose Level in Humans using Non-Invasive Method-RL BGM

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Blood sugar in the body is called glucose and it is important that the amount of sugar in the blood is fairly maintained. The body has sugar and blood that is used to store energy in the body. Low or high blood sugar is dangerous to life if it is not treated. The fasting blood glucose level in the morning ranges between 70 mg/dL to 110 mg/dL, after the meal the blood glucose should be less than 140 mg/dL. This paper proposes a method that is best suited to detect blood glucose in the human body and avoid serious health issues by sending a message instantly to the respective number of the patient. Currently, in market Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) techniques are vigorous and painful as the blood sample is pricked from the finger that leads to the risk of infection, the strips that were being used were also costly. The solution to this problem statement is a design of non-invasive smart equipment for observing the blood glucose level. One non-invasive method is Red Laser (RL) BGM technique, that is very superior to the other invasive method and non-invasive techniques. Here the refractive index of the laser light is analyzed to determine the blood glucose level. Several tests and experimental results are generated to prove the proposed method is highly accurate.

scholarly journals A Simple Medical Record System of Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Level Measurement Results for Diabetes Care Using Graphical User Interface (GUI) MATLAB

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Nur Hasanah Ahniar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Record System ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Measurement Results

We present a medical records system and reminders to patients of the measurement results of non-invasive blood glucose levels. Measuring blood glucose levels is vital in avoiding potential adverse health effects like diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by a decrease in the pancreas to produce insulin. Generally, measuring blood glucose levels using the conventional method is injure the patient's finger. Currently, the non-invasive method was famous as one of the detections of blood glucose by applying the physical properties of laser absorption. In this paper, we use the photodiode as a detector, the LED as a sensor, and a signal conditioning circuit. The results showed that non-invasive glucose monitoring has the potential to measure glucose levels with sensitivity and linearity of 3.21 mg/dL and 98%, respectively. As a result of measuring the blood glucose levels of the subject was displayed on the LCD module was designed. We designed a simple application and medical record using Blynk applications and GUI MATLAB for recording the measurement results of blood glucose level. In the future, applications that have been developed can be used by doctors for monitoring the measurement of the blood glucose level and provide information to patients by mobile applications, sending an email or message the measurement results, the decision of a disease or not, and reminds the re-measurement time.

scholarly journals Twenty-four-hour variations in blood glucose level in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients based on continuous glucose monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Hajime ◽  
Yosuke Okada ◽  
Hiroko Mori ◽  
Takashi Otsuka ◽  
Mayuko Kawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetes Patients
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