scholarly journals Statistical Interpretation and Profiling the Leaching Characteristic of Chromium in the Basic Chrome Sulphate (BCS) Sludge Dumping at Village Khanchandpur-Rania, District Kanpur Dehat, Uttar Pradesh (India)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Pokhraj Sahu ◽  
Richa Singh ◽  
Arti Gupta ◽  
Pramod Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Dumping Site ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Lower Depth

Abstract Without immobilized hazardous waste contaminates soil and groundwater, which can further bio-accumulates and poses serious negative health impact on flora as well as fauna. The present investigation has been conducted to study of leaching behavior of chromium species in immobilized hazardous waste containing Basic Chrome Sulphate (BCS) dumped at dumping site Khanchandpur Kharanja, Rania, Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Results indicated that the pH of sludge ranged from 10.16–11.90 while EC ranged from 840-16160 dSm-1 in a different layer of the dumpsite and significantly varies on increasing depth. A similar trend was also observed in TDS contents which strongly justified the leaching of salts in lower depth. Total Cr concentration (25029.94 mg kg-1) was observed in the top layer which was significantly increased on increasing depth i.e., 36102.0 mg kg-1 and 42811.77 mg kg-1 while TCLP based concentration ( 216.44 mg kg-1 in top layer) was significantly increased on increasing depth i.e., 406.25 mg kg-1 and 517.60 mg kg-1. A similar trend was also observed in total and TCLP hexavalent and trivalent (Cr6+ and Cr3+) chromium concentration. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis is separated all sample based on depth into three different cluster based on dissimilarity. A significant correlation was observed with TCLP Cr6+ in TCLP Cr3+, EC, and TDS at 0.01 levels while EC, TDS, total Cr6+, and TCLP Cr were significant correlated with TCLP Cr3+. The leaching behavior of Cr species was higher as well as increasing of depth in the dumping site.

scholarly journals A study on chromium accumulation in Labeo rohita in the river Yamuna ecosystem in Mathura-Agra region in Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 944-953
Author(s):  
Jyoti Sharma ◽  
Gaurav Pant ◽  
Alka Singh ◽  
Rashmi Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Chromium Toxicity ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Chromium Accumulation ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
River Yamuna ◽  
Very High

Abstract: The present study revealed the chromium toxicity and its health measures in L. rohita from the Yamuna river at Mathura- Agra region. Samples were taken in triplicate from both sites i.e. Vrindavan (Bihar ghat) and Agra (Renuka Ghat). The study was carried out on Four different organs (i.e. gills, muscles, liver, and kidney) of the fish sample. The sampling was done from Oct 2018 to January 2020. Chromium concentration in different organs of the fish was analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS). The average Cr concentration in gills was highest (9.64  mg/l) at the Mathura site followed byAgra sites (7.78 mg/l) for the month of April 2019. The concentration of Cr was highest in samples taken in the month of April 2019 and it was lowest in October 2018. The significantly high Cr concentration values were observed in the Mathura region than the Agra region for both seasons. In all samples, Cr concentration was above the standards stated by WHO except in the Kidney. In the present study, the bioaccumulation factor showed the chromium concentration in the tissues followed the order of gill > liver > muscle > kidney. HPI, MQI, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis were also done in which HPI was observed very high and there was a positive correlation between all the samples.   Keywords:  Chromium, BCF, HPI, MQI, AAS, Fish Organs

Leaching behavior of cadmium from hazardous waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Gharabaghi ◽  
Mehdi Irannajad ◽  
Amir Reza Azadmehr
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Leaching Behavior

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Lead and Chromium Concentration in Red Chili and Turmeric Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-201
Author(s):  
Sara Khalid ◽  
Shahid Tufail ◽  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Spectrometric Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric ◽  
Mean Concentration

  The red chili and turmeric powder available commercially in Lahore supermarkets which were randomly analyzed to evaluate the lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) concentration by atomic absorption spectrometric technique. Lead and chromium were found to be in the ranges of 0.0050-0.01 ppm and 0.0430-0.1482 ppm, respectively. The mean concentration of lead in the red chili and turmeric powders were found to be 2.6 mg/Kg and 5.3 mg/Kg respectively, while that of the chromium was found to be 0.0419 mg/Kg and 0.1142 mg/Kg respectively. Levels of both these metals (lead and chromium) are  therefore lower in the red chili compared to the turmeric powder. Also, both the samples are comparatively rich in lead as compared to chromium.    

Rumen outflow rate estimated from the decline of chromium concentration in faecal -and rumen samples after the dosage of sodium dichromate treated fish meal.

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
J.A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
A. Vega ◽  
J. Gasa
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Cr Concentration

The declining rate of Cr concentration in faeces after the dosage of a Sodium dichromate treated protein supplement can be used as an estimate of the protein outflow; rate. The experiment reported was planned to show wheter the variation in the rate of decline of Cr concentration in faeces induced by level of feeding and processing of the diet reflect the variation in rumen outflow determined by the rumen dilution rate of the marker.In a duplicate 3x3 square latin design, 6 mature ewes cannulated in rumen were fed a ground pelleted diet of ‘0.6 alfalfa hay and 0.4 barley grain at 1 or 2 x maintenance energy level (P1,P2) or the same proportions of chopped hay and -cracked barley offered in a loose mix at twice maintenance (Ch2). 50 g. of fish meal treated withsodium dichromate were given as a single dose after 15 days of adaptation period to the diet and faecal grab samples taken at 6,12,18,24,32,36,42,48,60, 72,96 and 120 h. A second dosage was given 7 days later and rumen samples withdraw-ned at 1,3,6,9,12,15,18,22,28,36,48,60 and 72 h.

Effects of Nickel on Properties of Cement Mortar Derived from the Co-Burning of Industrial Waste and its Leaching Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 1103 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Suthatip Sinyoung ◽  
Ekkachai Taweekitwanit ◽  
Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Leach Test ◽  
Alternative Material

Burning of hazardous waste in cement kiln is the new technology based on waste derived and alternative fuels. Besides being the alternative way to destroy hazardous waste, this method provides alternative material as raw material or the fuel in the cement production process. This disposal method can be applied if the contaminant either does not appear in the emission or leach from cement to environment. This work focused on properties and the leaching behavior of nickel from cement. The resulting clinker was analyzed for the content of free lime and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done. The identification of MgNiO2 peaks in XRD pattern was found in all clinkers with nickel addition in the range of 0.5-2.0 wt.%. Results obtained from this part suggested that nickel incorporated in the clinker phase and may combine with magnesium to form the new compound as MgNiO2 during the burning process. To study the leaching behavior, M3051A, NEN:7341 and pH static leach test were used. Results showed that approximately 3% of nickel can be leached to environment. From the pH static leach test, nickel was effectively leached at pH 4 and the reachability of its decreased when the pH increased. In this work, Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was also used to identify the cement as hazardous waste or non-hazardous waste. The results showed that raw material doped with nickel up to 2 wt.%, the cement was not classified as hazardous waste.

scholarly journals A Geographic Information System-Based Indicator of Waste Risk to Investigate the Health Impact of Landfills and Uncontrolled Dumping Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5789
Author(s):  
Lucia Fazzo ◽  
Marco De Santis ◽  
Eleonora Beccaloni ◽  
Federica Scaini ◽  
Ivano Iavarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Illegal Waste

Uncontrolled and poor waste management practices are widespread. The global health impact of hazardous waste exposure is controversial, but the excess of some diseases appears to be consistent. The Geographic Information System (GIS, ESRI Inc., Rome, Italy) method used to estimate the waste risk exposure, in an area with many illegal waste dumps and burning sites, is described. A GIS geodatabase (ESRI ArcGIS format) of waste sites’ data was built. A municipal GIS-based indicator of waste risk (Municipal Risk Index: MRI) has been computed, based on type and quantity of waste, typology of waste disposal, known or potential environmental contamination by waste and population living near waste sites. 2767 waste sites were present in an area 426 km2 large. 38% of the population lived near one or more waste sites (100 m). Illegal/uncontrolled waste dumps, including waste burning areas, constituted about 90% of all sites. The 38 investigated municipalities were categorized into 4 classes of MRI. The GIS approach identified a widespread impact of waste sites and the municipalities likely to be most exposed. The highest score of the MRI included the municipalities with the most illegal hazardous waste dumps and burning sites. The GIS-geodatabase provided information to contrast and to prosecute illegal waste trafficking and mismanagements.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring of Trace Elements in Hair of Schoolchildren Living Near a Hazardous Waste Incinerator—A 20 Years Follow-Up

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esplugas ◽  
Mari ◽  
Marquès ◽  
Schuhmacher ◽  
Domingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Human Health Impact ◽  
Hazardous Waste Incinerator ◽  
Metal Levels

Since 1998, a monitoring program is periodically performed to assess the environmental and human health impact of air chemicals potentially emitted by a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) located in Constantí (Catalonia, Spain). In 2017, samples of hair were collected from 94 schoolchildren (aged 10–13 years) living nearby and the levels of 11 trace elements (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl and V) were determined. The concentrations showed the following descending order: Pb > Hg > Ni > Sn > Mn > Cr. In turn, As, Be and Tl were not detected, while Cd and V were found only in a few samples. Some metal levels were significantly, positively correlated. Some significant differences were also noticed according to the gender and the specific zone of residence. Finally, the levels of trace elements showed fluctuations through time. Cr and Pb showed a significant decrease in comparison to the concentrations obtained in the baseline study (1998). According to the current results, metal emissions from the HWI are not relevant in terms of human health impact since their levels were similar and even lower than those reported in other contaminated areas.

On the Microstructure of Heat-Treated Austenitic Nickel-Base Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1603-1609
Author(s):  
Xian Chao Hao ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Ying Che Ma ◽  
Kui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy 690 ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Thermally Treated

A series of heat treatments were preformed to study the evolution of microstructure in an austenitic nickel-base Alloy 690 using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the pre-existed chromium carbides of cold-rolled Alloy 690 were dissolved into the austenitic matrix after high temperature mill annealing (MA) at 1353K for 5min. Mill-annealed and thermally treated Alloy 690 had intergranular M23C6-type carbides. The morphology of intergranular M23C6varied from continuous, semi-continuous to discrete with the temperature of thermal-treatment (TT) increasing from 873K to 1073K. The holding time at temperature of 988K had less influence on the intergranular carbide appearance than that of temperature. The minimum chromium concentration in the vicinity of intergranular carbides was 22.3 wt% in the sample thermally treated at 715°C for 2h. With the holding time of TT increasing from 2h to 27h, Cr concentration increased gradually and the chromium depletion became wider.

scholarly journals VALORIZAÇÃO DOS PRODUTOS ORIUNDOS DO RESÍDUO DE COURO WET-BLUE HIDROLISADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Márcio Rosa ◽  
Vanusca Dalosto Jahno ◽  
Patrice Monteiro de Aquim
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfills

RESUMOO processo de transformação de pele em couro gera um expressivo volume de efluente, emissões atmosféricas e de resíduos sólidos. Dependendo dos insumos e principalmente do curtente utilizado, o curtimento pode gerar resísuos perigosos. É o caso dos processos que utilizam o óxido cromo como curtente. Estima-se que 90% dos curtumes utiliza o óxido de cromo em função do seu custo benefício. Visando reduzir o envio de resíduo de couro wet-blue para aterros de resíduos perigosos, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor um método que permite reduzir a concentração de cromo do resíduo. O estudo compreendeu as seguintes etapas: 1) caracterização físico-química do resíduo wet-blue; 2) testes de hidrólise em fulões piloto com emprego de ácido cítrico, variando relação cromo:ácido, pH e método de lavagem; 3) caracterização físico química do colágeno hidrolisado e do banho residual do processo de hidrólise. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a hidrólise com ácido cítrico possibilitou uma redução de até 87,35% do cromo presente no resíduo de wet-blue e resultou na geração de dois produtos: um material sólido colagênico rico em nitrogênio e com potencial de ser utilizado como fonte de nutrientes para plantas, como matéria prima para produção de adesivo ou adsorvente, e um efluente de coloração escura com pH baixo e com aproximadamente 500 mg.Cr.L-1 com possibilidade de ser reaproveitado no processo de curtimento. Assim, o estudo demonstrou uma alternativa tecnológica para o tratamento de resíduos de wet-blue, possibilitando o reaproveitamento de materiais que seriam descartados em aterros de resíduos perigosos.Palavras-chave: Descromagem. Hidrólise Ácida. Resíduo de Couro. ABSTRACTThe process of transforming skin into leather generates a significant volume of effluent, atmospheric emissions and solid waste. Depending on the inputs and mainly the tanner used, tanning can generate dangerous residues. This is the case of processes that use chromium oxide as a tanner. It is estimated that 90% of tanneries use chromium oxide due to its cost benefit. Aiming to reduce the shipment of wet-blue leather waste to hazardous waste landfills, this work aims to propose a method that allows reducing the chromium concentration of the waste. The study comprised the following steps: 1) physical chemical characterization of wet-blue waste; 2) hydrolysis tests on pilot drums using citric acid, varying the chromium: acid ratio, pH and washing method; 3) physical and chemical characterization of the hydrolyzed collagen and the residual bath of the hydrolysis process. The results obtained revealed that the hydrolysis with citric acid allowed a reduction of up to 87.35% of the chromium present in the wet-blue residue and resulted in the generation of two products: a solid collagen material rich in nitrogen and with the potential to be used as source of nutrients for plants, as raw material for the production of adhesive or adsorbent and a dark colored effluent with low pH and approximately 500 mg.Cr.L-1 with the possibility of being reused in the tanning process. Thus, the study demonstrated a technological alternative for the treatment of wet-blue waste, enabling the reuse of materials that would be disposed of in hazardous waste landfills.Keywords:  Acid Hydrolysis. Decromatization. Leather residue.

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