scholarly journals VALORIZAÇÃO DOS PRODUTOS ORIUNDOS DO RESÍDUO DE COURO WET-BLUE HIDROLISADO

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Márcio Rosa ◽  
Vanusca Dalosto Jahno ◽  
Patrice Monteiro de Aquim
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfills

RESUMOO processo de transformação de pele em couro gera um expressivo volume de efluente, emissões atmosféricas e de resíduos sólidos. Dependendo dos insumos e principalmente do curtente utilizado, o curtimento pode gerar resísuos perigosos. É o caso dos processos que utilizam o óxido cromo como curtente. Estima-se que 90% dos curtumes utiliza o óxido de cromo em função do seu custo benefício. Visando reduzir o envio de resíduo de couro wet-blue para aterros de resíduos perigosos, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor um método que permite reduzir a concentração de cromo do resíduo. O estudo compreendeu as seguintes etapas: 1) caracterização físico-química do resíduo wet-blue; 2) testes de hidrólise em fulões piloto com emprego de ácido cítrico, variando relação cromo:ácido, pH e método de lavagem; 3) caracterização físico química do colágeno hidrolisado e do banho residual do processo de hidrólise. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a hidrólise com ácido cítrico possibilitou uma redução de até 87,35% do cromo presente no resíduo de wet-blue e resultou na geração de dois produtos: um material sólido colagênico rico em nitrogênio e com potencial de ser utilizado como fonte de nutrientes para plantas, como matéria prima para produção de adesivo ou adsorvente, e um efluente de coloração escura com pH baixo e com aproximadamente 500 mg.Cr.L-1 com possibilidade de ser reaproveitado no processo de curtimento. Assim, o estudo demonstrou uma alternativa tecnológica para o tratamento de resíduos de wet-blue, possibilitando o reaproveitamento de materiais que seriam descartados em aterros de resíduos perigosos.Palavras-chave: Descromagem. Hidrólise Ácida. Resíduo de Couro. ABSTRACTThe process of transforming skin into leather generates a significant volume of effluent, atmospheric emissions and solid waste. Depending on the inputs and mainly the tanner used, tanning can generate dangerous residues. This is the case of processes that use chromium oxide as a tanner. It is estimated that 90% of tanneries use chromium oxide due to its cost benefit. Aiming to reduce the shipment of wet-blue leather waste to hazardous waste landfills, this work aims to propose a method that allows reducing the chromium concentration of the waste. The study comprised the following steps: 1) physical chemical characterization of wet-blue waste; 2) hydrolysis tests on pilot drums using citric acid, varying the chromium: acid ratio, pH and washing method; 3) physical and chemical characterization of the hydrolyzed collagen and the residual bath of the hydrolysis process. The results obtained revealed that the hydrolysis with citric acid allowed a reduction of up to 87.35% of the chromium present in the wet-blue residue and resulted in the generation of two products: a solid collagen material rich in nitrogen and with the potential to be used as source of nutrients for plants, as raw material for the production of adhesive or adsorbent and a dark colored effluent with low pH and approximately 500 mg.Cr.L-1 with the possibility of being reused in the tanning process. Thus, the study demonstrated a technological alternative for the treatment of wet-blue waste, enabling the reuse of materials that would be disposed of in hazardous waste landfills.Keywords:  Acid Hydrolysis. Decromatization. Leather residue.

Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping of Rice Straw IV: Physico-Chemical Characterization of Acetic Acid Lignins from Rice Straw and Woods. Part 2. Chemical Structures

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jun Pan ◽  
Yoshihiro Sano
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Permanganate Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Chelating Resins ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical

Summary Acetic acid lignins from rice straw (RLs), birch (BL) and fir (FL) were chemically characterized by means of elementary analysis, functional groups analysis, alkaline nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation, Mannich reactivity and other techniques. The results showed that RLs had higher contents of residual polysaccharide and protein, and remarkably fewer acetyl groups than BL and FL. Results of nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation indicated that RLs were remarkably more condensed than the native lignin in rice straw. In addition, the results of Mannich reactivity showed that RLs were more reactive toward modification than BL and FL, and might be a good raw material for lignin derivatives, such as lignin adhesives and chelating resins.

Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of archaeological ceramics from the 16th century El Badi Palace, Morocco

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-470
Author(s):  
Mouhssin El Halim ◽  
Lahcen Daoudi ◽  
Meriam El Ouahabi ◽  
Valérie Rousseau ◽  
Catherine Cools ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Firing Tests

ABSTRACTTextural, mineralogical and chemical characterization of archaeological ceramics (zellige) from El Badi Palace (Marrakech, Morocco), the main Islamic monument from the Saadian period (sixteenth century), has been performed to enhance restoration and to determine the technology of manufacturing. A multi-analytical approach based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction was used. Re-firing tests on ceramic supports were also performed to determine the firing temperatures used by the Saadian artisans. A calcareous clay raw material was used to manufacture these decorative ceramics. The sherds were fired at a maximum temperature of 800°C in oxidizing atmosphere. The low firing temperature for ‘zellige’ facilitates cutting of the pieces, but also causes fragility in these materials due to the absence of vitreous phases.

scholarly journals Chromatographic characterization of pyroligneous liquid obtained from carbonization of peach stone

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Lidiane Schmalfuss Valadão ◽  
Caroline Dos Santos Duarte ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Agroindustrial Residue

The peach stone is considered an agroindustrial residue originating from the industrial process of peach in halves in syrup. It does not have an adequate destination, its final disposal is incorrect and may cause contamination in the environmental compartments. In this way, the burning of this raw material as biomass enables its reuse, besides adding value to the residue. Among the processes used for the application of this residue is the carbonization process, which allows to obtain co-products with higher added value, such as pyroligneous liquid, which represents a fraction of organic compounds condensed from the smoke emitted during carbonization. The quality of the liquid depends on the process conditions and the biomass used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the sample of pyrolignous liquid obtained from the carbonization of the peach stone, on an industrial scale, qualitative and semi quantitative. Preliminary characterization (pH, conductivity, color, density and contents of tar, organic matter and acidity) and a chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. The liquid presented satisfactory results for the physico-chemical evaluations. Regarding the qualitative determination, it was possible to identify 49 compounds. Highlighting the phenols, with 44.90% of the number of compounds, mainly methoxyphenols. These are compounds with significant added value and industrial importance, indicating their use as raw material in the production of polymer resins, among other purposes.

scholarly journals Power Generation: Feedstock for High-Value Sulfate Minerals

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Lucian C. Staicu ◽  
Tomasz Bajda ◽  
Lukasz Drewniak ◽  
Laurent Charlet
Keyword(s):  
Metal Removal ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

Coal-fired power facilities generate a polymetallic effluent (Flue Gas Desulfurization—FGD) rich in sulfate. FGD effluents may be considered an important secondary resource. This paper investigates the recovery of sulfate as barite (BaSO4), a mineral with high commercial value and a critical raw material. Using equimolar BaCl2, >99% desulfurization of an FGD effluent produced by a coal-fired power plant operating in central Poland was achieved, yielding up to 16.5 kg high purity barite m−3. The recovered barite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), surface properties (PZC), density, and chemical stability (TCLP), and was compared with a commercial reference material. Barite recovery also led to the reduction in concentration of Al (86%), Cu (52%), K (69%), Mo (62%), Se (40%), Sr (91%), and U (75%) initially present in the FGD effluent. TCLP results indicate the entrapment and the stabilization of ~70% Se and ~90% Al in the barite structure. Based on this dataset, an in-depth characterization of the recovered barite is presented, and the removal mechanism of the elements is discussed. The study also provides a preliminary cost benefit analysis of the process. To our best knowledge, this is the first work showing barite recovery and metal removal from FGD effluents using a one-step process.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of the Polar Lipid Fraction of Blackberry and Passion Fruit Seeds Oils Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Arturo-Perdomo ◽  
Juan Pablo Jiménez Mora ◽  
Elena Ibáñez ◽  
Alejandro Cifuentes ◽  
Andrés Hurtado-Benavides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Extraction Processes

AbstractThe study of the phytochemical composition of seed oils is of upmost importance for the food and cosmetic industries, mainly considering their associated biological properties. Extraction of seed oils using supercritical fluids (SFE) is an ecological and green alternative to conventional extraction processes since it is able to provide with potent bioactive extracts, avoiding degradation and transformation of the compounds present originally in the raw material. The objective of the present work was the extraction of pure fractions of polar lipids and their chemical characterization using chromatographic techniques such as GC-MS and LC-DAD-MS/MS of blackberry (Rubus glaucus) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seed oils extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. Oleamides derived from oleic acid were identified as the main compounds in both samples; in particular, 9-octadecenamide was the major identified oleamide. Besides, the extract obtained from passion fruit showed to be a source of linoleic acid, while the SFE extract from blackberry presented important concentrations of vanillin. The chemical composition of these seed oils can be of high interest for their further use in cosmetics and food industry.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE KEFIR DE LEITE QUANTO À COMPOSIÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Géssica Fernanda da Silva FONTE ◽  
Ianca Carolina Magalhães GENTIL ◽  
Anelisa Doretto Freitas FURLAN
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Probiotic Food

Com o passar dos anos, a busca por alimentos que melhorem a qualidade de vida tem sido aumentada, como por exemplo, os alimentos funcionais. O kefir é um tipo de leite fermentado produzido através da fermentação do leite usando os grãos, sendo estes, massas gelatinosas de cor branca ou amarelada que contêm leveduras e/ou bactérias. É um alimento probiótico, pois contém microrganismos presentes benéficos ao ser humano e, se consumido numa quantidade de, no mínimo, 106UFC/100 mL ou gramas do produto pode auxiliar na prevenção ou correção de alguns problemas de saúde, sendo eles diabetes, desnutrição, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares e outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi cultivar 3 amostras de kefir à base de leite e realizar análises físico-químicas para quantificar e definir os elementos presentes neste alimento, como o teor de carboidratos, proteínas, umidade, cinzas e lipídeos. A metodologia aplicada para execução do trabalho ocorreu através de revisão bibliográfica utilizando como base artigos em periódicos científicos, livros, teses, dissertações e resumos de congresso, sendo selecionadas publicações entre 2015 e 2020, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português e pesquisa de campo, realizando o cultivo e as análises bromatológicas. Os resultados obtidos através da caracterização físico-química dos grãos de kefir são semelhantes aos relatados na literatura, havendo algumas diferenças decorrentes do clima, matéria-prima utilizada e cuidados no cultivo. Conclui-se assim que o kefir é um alimento benéfico à saúde, porém são necessários certos cuidados no cultivo e manejo para garantir sua qualidade.   CHARACTERIZATION OF MILK KEFIR REGARDING PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION   ABSTRACT Over the years, the search for foods that improve the quality of life has increased, such as functional foods. Kefir is a type of fermented milk produced by fermenting milk using grains, which are gelatinous masses of white or yellowish color that contain yeast and/or bacteria.  It is a probiotic food, because it contains microorganisms present that are beneficial to humans and, if consumed in an amount of at least 106 CFU/100 mL or grams of the product, may help prevent or correct some health problems, including diabetes, malnutrition, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic non-transmissible diseases. This study aimed to cultivate 3 milk-based kefir samples and to conduct physicochemical analyses to quantify and define the elements found in this food, such as carbohydrate, protein, moisture, ash, and lipid content. The methodology used to carry out the study was a literature review based on articles in scientific journals, books, thesis, dissertations, and conference summaries, selecting publications between 2015 and 2020, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, as well as field research, with cultivation and bromatological analysis. The results observed in the physical-chemical characterization of kefir grains are similar to those reported in the literature, with some differences resulting from climate, raw material used and cultivation care. It is thus concluded that kefir is a beneficial food to health, but it is necessary to take proper care in cultivation and management to ensure its health benefits. Descriptors: Functional foods. Probiotics. Cultured milk products.

scholarly journals A new raw material in the production of biodiesel: purple pinion seeds.

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Aluísio Marques da Fonseca ◽  
Margareta Do Carmo ◽  
Regilany Paulo Colares ◽  
Camila Peixoto do Valle ◽  
Sara Jane de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia ◽  
Acid Index

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that is produced through oil plants or animal fat. It is a renewable energy source, with biodegradable characteristics, to emit less pollutant than diesel. Thus, this work aims to show the production of biodiesel from the purple-pinion (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) seeds. In addition to the synthesis, the physical-chemical characterization of both the raw material and the final product was carried out. The biodiesel synthetic route was performed by the basic catalytic transesterification reaction, using potassium hydroxide (KOH) in the presence of methanol (CH3OH) in the molar ratio of 1: 3 (oil: methanol). As a result, it was observed that the mass conversion of the biodiesel was 22.05 g. The physical-chemical analyzes carried out were acid index of 0.106 mgKOH / g, according to ANP technical resolution. The peroxide index of 1.03 meqO2 / kg, the kinematic viscosity of 20 ° C to 40 ° C, obtained was 6.455 mm2/s and 3.5343 mm2/s, the values are close to the ANP technique resolutions. Stability was 0.26 hours, and the biodiesel burning test was executed for approximately 3 hours. Therefore, there is a high viability of biodiesel production through the purple pinion seeds.

scholarly journals Production of agroindustrial ashes with pozzolanic activity via acid leaching, conjugated burning and ultrafine grinding

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Guilherme Chagas Cordeiro ◽  
Mônica Nunes Lemos ◽  
Kristian Vinco Xavier ◽  
Charles Prado Ferreira de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydration Kinetics ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Ultrafine Grinding ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract This paper aims to study the production and the physical and chemical characterization of rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, corn straw, and bamboo leaf ashes to use as pozzolans. The ash production steps basically consisted of raw material collection, chemical treatment by citric acid leaching, conjugated burning (thermal processing) and ultrafine grinding (mechanical processing) of the produced ashes. The results indicated that all ashes could be classified as pozzolanic additions based on specific standards. The high pozzolanicity of the ashes was confirmed by testing the electrical conductivity, mechanical performance index, and hydration kinetics of cement pastes by isothermal calorimetry. Therefore, the production processes used in this work were effective in producing highly reactive pozzolanic materials.

scholarly journals Analogue Rice as The Vehicle of Public Nutrition Diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Noviasari ◽  
Suba Santika Widara ◽  
Slamet Budijanto
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Twin Screw

Analogue rice is artificial rice product made from non-rice raw material by extrusion technique, which can be the vehicle of public nutrition diversity. The objectives of this research were to formulate and characterize analogue rice made from of sorghum, mocaf and other additional material. The method of analogue rice production is by twin screw extruder hot extrusion done in 2013. The research steps were the formulation of analogue rice, sensory evaluation to choose the best formula, and physico-chemical characterization of the best formula. The best two samples that were chosen are analogue rice made from 30% sorghum flour, 15% cornstarch, and 15% arenga starch (analogue rice B) and analogue rice made from 30% mocaf and 30% cornstarch (analogue rice F). Analogue rice B has 21.72% of amylose (medium) with 4% of dietary fiber while analogue rice F has low amylose which is 14.49%, make it more sticky, with 4.21% of dietary fiber.

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