scholarly journals Human muscle stem/progenitor cells are bi-potential adult stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiexiang Shao ◽  
Xin Fu ◽  
Lili Han ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Hongye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells

Abstract Tendon injury occurs at high frequency and is difficult to repair. Identification human stem cells being able to regenerate tendon will greatly facilitate the development of regenerative medicine for tendon injury. We identified human muscle stem/progenitor cells having tendon differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the tendon differentiation potential is not present in mouse muscle stem cells. These findings reveal that human muscle stem cells are bi-potential adult stem cells and can serve as a new source for tendon regeneration.

scholarly journals Improved Method forEx Ovo-Cultivation of Developing Chicken Embryos for Human Stem Cell Xenografts

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Schomann ◽  
Firas Qunneis ◽  
Darius Widera ◽  
Christian Kaltschmidt ◽  
Barbara Kaltschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Chicken Embryos

The characterization of human stem cells for the usability in regenerative medicine is particularly based on investigations regarding their differentiation potentialin vivo. In this regard, the chicken embryo model represents an ideal model organism. However, the access to the chicken embryo is only achievable by windowing the eggshell resulting in limited visibility and accessibility in subsequent experiments. On the contrary,ex ovo-culture systems avoid such negative side effects. Here, we present an improvedex ovo-cultivation method enabling the embryos to survive 13 daysin vitro. Optimized cultivation of chicken embryos resulted in a normal development regarding their size and weight. Ourex ovo-approach closely resembles the development of chicken embryosin ovo, as demonstrated by properly developed nervous system, bones, and cartilage at expected time points. Finally, we investigated the usability of our method for trans-species transplantation of adult stem cells by injecting human neural crest-derived stem cells into late Hamburger and Hamilton stages (HH26–HH28/E5—E6) ofex ovo-incubated embryos. We demonstrated the integration of human cells allowing experimentally easy investigation of the differentiation potential in the proper developmental context. Taken together, thisex ovo-method supports the prolonged cultivation of properly developing chicken embryos enabling integration studies of xenografted mammalian stem cells at late developmental stages.

scholarly journals Osteogenic Potential of Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells for Calvaria Bone Regeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dong Joon Lee ◽  
Yonsil Park ◽  
Wei-Shou Hu ◽  
Ching-Chang Ko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Type I ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells

Osteogenic cells derived from rat multipotent adult progenitor cells (rMAPCs) were investigated for their potential use in bone regeneration. rMAPCs are adult stem cells derived from bone marrow that have a high proliferation capacity and the differentiation potential to multiple lineages. They may also offer immunomodulatory properties favorable for applications for regenerative medicine. rMAPCs were cultivated as single cells or as 3D aggregates in osteogenic media for up to 38 days, and their differentiation to bone lineage was then assessed by immunostaining of osteocalcin and collagen type I and by mineralization assays. The capability of rMAPCs in facilitating bone regeneration was evaluatedin vivoby the direct implantation of multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) aggregates in rat calvarial defects. Bone regeneration was examined radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. Results showed that rMAPCs successfully differentiated into osteogenic lineage by demonstrating mineralized extracellular matrix formationin vitroand induced new bone formation by the effect of rMAPC aggregatesin vivo. These outcomes confirm that rMAPCs have a good osteogenic potential and provide insights into rMAPCs as a novel adult stem cell source for bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Nuclear Nox4 Role in Stemness Power of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullia Maraldi ◽  
Marianna Guida ◽  
Manuela Zavatti ◽  
Elisa Resca ◽  
Laura Bertoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Cellular Compartments

Human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) are an attractive source for cell therapy due to their multilineage differentiation potential and accessibility advantages. However the clinical application of human stem cells largely depends on their capacity to expandin vitro, since there is an extensive donor-to-donor heterogeneity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidative stress are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes of stem cells, including pluripotency, proliferation, differentiation, and stress resistance. The mode of action of ROS is also dependent on the localization of their target molecules. Thus, the modifications induced by ROS can be separated depending on the cellular compartments they affect. NAD(P)H oxidase family, particularly Nox4, has been known to produce ROS in the nucleus. In the present study we show that Nox4 nuclear expression (nNox4) depends on the donor and it correlates with the expression of transcription factors involved in stemness regulation, such as Oct4, SSEA-4, and Sox2. Moreover nNox4 is linked with the nuclear localization of redox sensitive transcription factors, as Nrf2 and NF-κB, and with the differentiation potential. Taken together, these results suggest that nNox4 regulation may have important effects in stem cell capability through modulation of transcription factors and DNA damage.

3D printable Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel facilitated ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) neuron differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
Wenwen Deng ◽  
Qingtong Yu ◽  
Congyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Cord Injury

Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) are typical adult stem cells obtained from the cranial neural crest. They have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, such as osseous cells, neurons and glial cells. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing is a novel method to construct biological structures by rapid prototyping. Previously, our group reported on the stemness and multi-lineage differentiation potential of EMSCs on gels. However, the exploration of EMSCs in 3 D printing and then evaluation of the growth and neuronal differentiation of EMSCs on extruded 3 D printable hybrid hydrogels has not been reported. Therefore, the current study explored the novel hybrid Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel extruded 3 D printing to design an in vitro scaffold to promote the differentiation and growth of EMSCs. In addition, the physical properties of the hydrogel were characterized and its drug-releasing property determined. Notably, the results showed that the construct exhibited a sustain-released effect of growth factor BDNF in accordance with the Higuchi equation. Moreover, the cell survival rate on the 3 D printed scaffold was 88.22 ± 1.13% with higher neuronal differentiation efficiency compared with 2 D culture. Thus, SA-MA’s ability to enhanced EMSCs neuronal differentiation offers a new biomaterial for neurons regeneration in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals BMAL1 coordinates energy metabolism and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e201900534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ameneiro ◽  
Tiago Moreira ◽  
Alejandro Fuentes-Iglesias ◽  
Alba Coego ◽  
Vera Garcia-Outeiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Permanent Loss

BMAL1 is essential for the regulation of circadian rhythms in differentiated cells and adult stem cells, but the molecular underpinnings of its function in pluripotent cells, which hold a great potential in regenerative medicine, remain to be addressed. Here, using transient and permanent loss-of-function approaches in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we reveal that although BMAL1 is dispensable for the maintenance of the pluripotent state, its depletion leads to deregulation of transcriptional programs linked to cell differentiation commitment. We further confirm that depletion of Bmal1 alters the differentiation potential of ESCs in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BMAL1 participates in the regulation of energy metabolism maintaining a low mitochondrial function which is associated with pluripotency. Loss-of-function of Bmal1 leads to the deregulation of metabolic gene expression associated with a shift from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. Our results highlight the important role that BMAL1 plays at the exit of pluripotency in vitro and provide evidence implicating a non-canonical circadian function of BMAL1 in the metabolic control for cell fate determination.

Generation of different fates from multipotent muscle stem cells

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 2987-2995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko R. Wada ◽  
Masayo Inagawa-Ogashiwa ◽  
Shirabe Shimizu ◽  
Shigeru Yasumoto ◽  
Naohiro Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Multipotent Progenitor Cells ◽  
Multiple Determination

Although neuronal and mesenchymal stem cells exhibit multipotentiality, this property has not previously been demonstrated for muscle stem cells. We now show that muscle satellite cells of adult mice are able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and myotubes. Undifferentiated muscle progenitor cells derived from a single satellite cell co-expressed multiple determination genes including those for MyoD and Runx2, which are specific for myogenic and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Determination genes not relevant to the induced differentiation pathway were specifically downregulated in these cells. Similar multipotent progenitor cells were isolated from adult human muscle. Based on these observations, we propose a ‘stock options’ model for the generation of different fates from multipotent stem cells.

In vitro differentiation potential of human embryonic versus adult stem cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Rooney ◽  
GI Nistor ◽  
FB Barry ◽  
HS Keirstead
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Reciprocal expression of CD38 and CD34 by adult murine hematopoietic stem cells

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 2618-2624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihito Tajima ◽  
Takao Deguchi ◽  
Joseph H. Laver ◽  
Haiqun Zeng ◽  
Makio Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Reciprocal Expression

Abstract The effects of activation of adult murine stem cells on their expression of CD38 were studied using a murine transplantation model. First, the published finding that the majority of long-term engrafting cells from normal adult steady-state marrow are CD38+ was confirmed. Next, it was determined that the majority of stem cells activated in vivo by injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor are CD38−. Stem cells that were activated in culture with interleukin-11 and steel factor were also CD38−. Previous studies have shown that expression of CD34 by adult stem cells is also modulated by in vivo or in vitro activation. To determine whether there is reciprocal expression of CD38 and CD34, 4 populations of post–5-FU marrow cells were analyzed. The majority of the stem cells were in the CD38−CD34+ fraction. However, secondary transplantation experiments indicated that when the bone marrow reaches steady state, the majority of the stem cells become CD38+CD34−. In addition, the minority populations of CD34+ stem cells that occur in steady-state bone marrow are CD38−. This reversible and reciprocal expression of CD38 and CD34 by murine stem cells may have implications for the phenotypes of human stem cells.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Human Bone Marrow: Cultivation, Phenotypic Analysis and Changes in Proliferation Kinetics

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Soukup ◽  
Jaroslav Mokrý ◽  
Jana Karbanová ◽  
Robert Pytlík ◽  
Petr Suchomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Visceral Mesoderm

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are rare elements living in various organs (e.g., bone marrow), able to differentiate into specialized tissues, such as bone, cartilage, tendon, and myocardium. Since the first description of MSCs by Fridenshtein, several investigators have shown that these cells can also differentiate into chondrocytes, adipocytes, and, at least, in rodents into skeletal myoblasts. Later on, more primitive progenitor cells were characterized, able to give rise not only to limb-bud mesoderm, but also to cells of visceral mesoderm. Those cells were named mesodermal progenitor cells (MPCs). The aim of our study was to characterize and compare the biological properties and spontaneous differentiation potential of two different cell types (MSCs and MPCs) isolated from the human vertebral body bone marrow. The results of our experiments proved that the MPCs can be expanded beyond Hayflick’s limit and differed from MSCs in morphology, biological and phenotypic characteristics. Because of their high proliferative and differentiation potential, MPCs can become more attractive source of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes.

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