Examining Supports and Barriers to Breastfeeding through a Socio-Ecological Lens: A Qualitative Study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Early breastfeeding cessation is a societal concern given the massive benefits associated with breastfeeding for mother and child. More effective interventions are needed to increase breastfeeding duration. Prior to developing such interventions more research is needed to examine breastfeeding supports and barriers from the perspective of breastfeeding stakeholders. One such framework that can be utilized is the Socio-Ecological Model which stems from Urie Broffenbrenner’s early theoretical frameworks (1973-1979). The purpose of this study was to examine supports and barriers to breastfeeding across environmental systems. METHODS: A total of 49 representatives participated in a telephonic interview. Interviewees represented various levels of the model based on their current breastfeeding experience (i.e., mother or significant other) or occupation. A direct content analysis was performed as well as a constant comparative analysis to determine differences between level representatives. RESULTS: Common supports identified by all interviewees were in-hospital breastfeeding education (organizational level) and the existence of breastfeeding protection legislation (policy level). Barriers identified by all interviewees included a lack of support (interpersonal level), lack of hospital resources (organizational level) and lack of specificity within the existing breastfeeding protection legislation (policy level). Other identified supports and barriers varied by representatives for each level of the model. CONCLUSION: Future efforts should target multiple levels of the SEM to eliminate the disparities between breastfeeding mothers’ perceptions and the stakeholders working to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration rate.

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Examining Supports and Barriers to Breastfeeding through a Socio-Ecological Lens: A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-59627/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kailey Snyder ◽

Emily Hulse ◽

Holly Dingman ◽

Angie Cantrell ◽

Corrine Hanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecological Model ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Policy Level ◽

Mother And Child ◽

Protection Legislation ◽

Constant Comparative Analysis

Abstract BACKGROUND: Early breastfeeding cessation is a societal concern given the massive benefits associated with breastfeeding for mother and child. More effective interventions are needed to increase breastfeeding duration. Prior to developing such interventions more research is needed to examine breastfeeding supports and barriers from the perspective of breastfeeding stakeholders. One such framework that can be utilized is the Socio-Ecological Model which stems from Urie Broffenbrenner’s early theoretical frameworks (1973-1979). The purpose of this study was to examine supports and barriers to breastfeeding across environmental systems. METHODS: A total of 49 representatives participated in a telephonic interview. Interviewees represented various levels of the model based on their current breastfeeding experience (i.e., mother or significant other) or occupation. A direct content analysis was performed as well as a constant comparative analysis to determine differences between level representatives. RESULTS: Common supports identified by all interviewees were in-hospital breastfeeding education (organizational level) and the existence of breastfeeding protection legislation (policy level). Barriers identified by all interviewees included a lack of support (interpersonal level), lack of hospital resources (organizational level) and lack of specificity within the existing breastfeeding protection legislation (policy level). Other identified supports and barriers varied by representatives for each level of the model. CONCLUSION: Future efforts should target multiple levels of the SEM to eliminate the disparities between breastfeeding mothers’ perceptions and the stakeholders working to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration rate.

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Examining Supports and Barriers to Breastfeeding through a Socio-Ecological Lens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-59627/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kailey Snyder ◽

Emily Hulse ◽

Holly Dingman ◽

Angie Cantrell ◽

Corrine Hanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecological Model ◽

Social Ecological Model ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Social Ecological ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Policy Level ◽

Protection Legislation ◽

State And Local

Abstract BACKGROUND: Early breastfeeding cessation is a societal concern given the massive benefits associated with breastfeeding for mother and child. More effective interventions are needed to increase breastfeeding duration. Prior to developing such interventions more research is needed to examine breastfeeding supports and barriers from the perspective of breastfeeding stakeholders. One such framework that can be utilized is Brofenbrenner’s Social Ecological Model. The purpose of this study was to examine supports and barriers to breastfeeding based on the Social Ecological Model. METHODS: A total of 49 representatives participated in a telephonic interview. Interviewees represented various levels of the model based on their current breastfeeding experience (i.e., mother or significant other) or occupation. A direct content analysis was performed as well as a constant comparative analysis to determine differences between level representatives. RESULTS: Common supports identified by all interviewees were in-hospital breastfeeding education (organizational level) and the existence of breastfeeding protection legislation (policy level). Barriers identified by all interviewees included a lack of support (interpersonal level), lack of hospital resources (organizational level) and lack of specificity within the existing breastfeeding protection legislation (policy level). Other identified supports and barriers varied by representatives for each level of the model. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding organizations such as state and local coalitions should utilize this information to guide future strategy as well as develop interventions to eliminate the disparities between breastfeeding mothers’ perceptions and the stakeholders working to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration rate.

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Examining supports and barriers to breastfeeding through a socio-ecological lens: a qualitative study

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-021-00401-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kailey Snyder ◽

Emily Hulse ◽

Holly Dingman ◽

Angie Cantrell ◽

Corrine Hanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Individual Level ◽

Familial Support ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Mother And Child ◽

The Individual

Abstract Background Early breastfeeding cessation is a societal concern given its importance to the health of mother and child. More effective interventions are needed to increase breastfeeding duration. Prior to developing such interventions more research is needed to examine breastfeeding supports and barriers from the perspective of breastfeeding stakeholders. One such framework that can be utilized is the Socio-Ecological Model which stems from Urie Broffenbrenner’s early theoretical frameworks (1973–1979). The purpose of this study was to examine supports and barriers to breastfeeding across environmental systems. Methods A total of 49 representatives participated in a telephone interview in Nebraska, USA in 2019. Interviewees represented various levels of the model, based on their current breastfeeding experience (i.e., mother or significant other) or occupation. A direct content analysis was performed as well as a constant comparative analysis to determine differences between level representatives. Results At the Individual level, breastfeeding is a valued behavior, however, women are hindered by exhaustion, isolation, and the time commitment of breastfeeding. At the Interpersonal level, social media, peer-to-peer, and family were identified as supports for breastfeeding, however lack of familial support was also identified as a barrier. At the community level, participants were split between identifying cultural acceptance of breastfeeding as support or barrier. At the organizational level, hospitals had supportive breastfeeding friendly policies in place however lacked enough personnel with breastfeeding expertise. At the policy level, breastfeeding legislation is supportive, however, more specific breastfeeding legislation is needed to ensure workplace breastfeeding protections. Conclusion Future efforts should target hospital-community partnerships, family-centered education, evidence-based social media strategies and improved breastfeeding legislation to ensure breastfeeding women receive effective support throughout their breastfeeding journey.

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Trends in breastfeeding practices and mothers’ experience in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-021-00397-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Frédéric Courtois ◽

Sandrine Péneau ◽

Benoît Salanave ◽

Valentina A. Andreeva ◽

Marie Françoise Roland-Cachera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Census Data ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

The Public ◽

The Past ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

Breastfeeding Education ◽

Breastfeeding Cessation

Abstract Background France has one of the lowest rates in the world regarding breastfeeding initiation and duration. Few studies have explored breastfeeding practices in France since the middle of the twentieth century, or following from initiation to cessation. The purpose of our study was to determine trends in breastfeeding over the past decades regarding public health recommendations, and to examine mothers’ perceptions about factors known to have an impact on breastfeeding support and cessation. Methods From the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 29,953 parous women (launched in 2009 to study relation between nutrition and health), were included in the present study. Using web-questionnaires, they were asked retrospectively if they had breastfed their youngest child or not, and if so, the duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding. For those who had breastfed, we investigated their perceptions about support at initiation and during the entire breastfeeding period and reasons for breastfeeding cessation. We also asked those who did not breastfeed about their perceptions and reasons for infant formula feeding their youngest child. Analyses were weighted according to the French census data. Results In the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 67.3% of mothers breastfed their youngest child. The proportion of breastfed children increased over the past few decades, from 55.0% (95% CI 54.3, 55.6) in the 1970s to 82.9% (82.4, 83.4) in the 2010s. Total and exclusive breastfeeding duration went from 3.3 months and 2.4 months respectively in the 1970s to 5.9 months and 3.2 months respectively in the 2010s. Most mothers felt supported at initiation and during the breastfeeding period. A reported desire to have breastfed longer than two months was 59.5%. Mothers who did not breastfeed did it by choice (64.3%). They did not feel guilty (78.2%) and did not perceive a problem not to breastfeed (58.8%), but almost half of them would have liked to have breastfed (45.9%). Conclusion Breastfeeding duration has increased in the past decades but did not reach the public health recommendations threshold. Targets other than mothers have to be considered for breastfeeding education, like the partner and her environment, to increase breastfeeding practices. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03335644).

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Maternal Education, Breastfeeding Behaviours and Lactational Amenorrhoea: Studies Among Two Ethnic Communities in Ile Ife, Nigeria

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/026010609601100204 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 115-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anita A. Davies-Adetugbo ◽

E.O. Ojofeitimi

Keyword(s):

Formal Education ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Child Survival ◽

Important Variable ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Average Decrease ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Milk Substitutes

Breastfeeding is an important child survival strategy. This report aims to describe the unique contributions of education, ethnicity, and other variables to breastfeeding outcomes. The study was conducted among two groups of lactating mothers in Ile Ife, southwestern Nigeria, using structured questionnaires focusing on their breastfeeding history and current practice. Breastfeeding initiation was delayed in both groups, and primary education is the most significant predictor of initiation of breastfeeding within 6 hours of delivery (OR = 3.92, p = 0.0117). Breastfeeding duration (SD) was 13.7 (4.3) months for the Yorubas and 17.5 (3.4) for the Hausas. Its only significant predictors are education (p < = 0.0001), with an average decrease in breastfeeding duration of 3.2 and 6.6 months with mother's education to the primary and post-primary levels respectively, compared with mothers with no education. In turn, breastfeeding duration is the most significant predictor of the duration of lactational amenorrhoea (p = 0.0000). Mothers with some formal education are also more likely to start feeding human milk substitutes at 2 weeks (OR = 3.83, p = 0.024). The most important variable determining breastfeeding in this study is education. The educated mother is more likely to be involved in economic activity away from the home. To protect breastfeeding in these communities, there is a need for programmes to support the breastfeeding mother who works.

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Children’s Health Capital Investment: Effects of U.S. Infant Breastfeeding on Teenage Obesity

Econometrics ◽

10.3390/econometrics9040042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Albert Okunade ◽

Ahmad Reshad Osmani ◽

Toluwalope Ayangbayi ◽

Adeyinka Kevin Okunade

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Development Theory ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Health Capital ◽

Initiation Rate ◽

Teenage Obesity

Obesity, as a health and social problem with rising prevalence and soaring economic cost, is increasingly drawing scholarly and public policy attention. While many studies have suggested that infant breastfeeding protects against childhood obesity, empirical evidence on this causal relationship is fragile. Using the health capital development theory, this study exploited multiple data sources from the U.S. and a three-way error components model (ECM) with a jackknife resampling plan to estimate the effect of in-hospital breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding for durations of 3, 6, and 12 months on the prevalence of obesity during teenage years. The main finding was that a 1% rise in the in-hospital breastfeeding initiation rate reduces the teenage obesity prevalence rate by 1.7% (9.6% of a standard deviation). The magnitude of this effect declines as the infant breastfeeding duration lengthens—e.g., the 12-month infant breastfeeding duration rate is associated with a 0.53% (3.7% of a standard deviation) reduction in obesity prevalence in the teenage years (9th to 12th grades). The study findings agree with both the behavioral and physiological theories on the long-term effects of breastfeeding, and have timely implications for public policies promoting infant breastfeeding to reduce the economic burden of teenage and later adult-stage obesity prevalence rates.

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Influences of Cesarean Delivery on Breastfeeding Practices and Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334417741434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 526-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Cheng Chen ◽

Yan Yan ◽

Xiao Gao ◽

Shiting Xiang ◽

Qiong He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Regression Model ◽

Cesarean Delivery ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Breastfeeding Practices

Background: Mothers are encouraged to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months. However, cesarean delivery rates have increased worldwide, which may affect breastfeeding. Research aim: This study aimed to determine the potential effects of cesarean delivery on breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding duration. Methods: This was a 6-month cohort study extracted from a 24-month prospective cohort study of mother–infant pairs in three communities in Hunan, China. Data about participants’ characteristics, delivery methods, breastfeeding initiation, use of formula in the hospital, exclusive breastfeeding, and any breastfeeding were collected at 1, 3, and 6 months following each infant’s birth. The chi-square test, logistic regression model, and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to examine the relationship between breastfeeding practices and cesarean delivery. Results: The number of women who had a cesarean delivery was 387 (40.6%), and 567 (59.4%) women had a vaginal delivery. The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1, 3, and 6 months were 80.2%, 67.4%, and 21.5%, respectively. Women who had a cesarean delivery showed a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding and any breastfeeding than those who had a vaginal delivery ( p < .05). In addition, cesarean delivery was related with using formula in the hospital and delayed breastfeeding initiation. Cesarean delivery also shortened the breastfeeding duration (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [1.06, 1.84]). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should provide more breastfeeding skills to women who have a cesarean delivery and warn mothers about the dangers of elective cesarean section for breastfeeding practices.

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Barriers of Antenatal Care Service Utilization in Somali Regional State Using Social Ecological Framework, Eastern Ethiopia, Ethiopia: a Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.2.13486/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdurehman Mohammed ◽

Alula Teklu ◽

Senait Beyene ◽

Abdiwahab Hashi ◽

Zerihun Abebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Care Service ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Enabling Factors ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Regional State

Abstract Background: A good Antenatal Care during pregnancy is important to ensure the health of the mother and the healthy development of the fetus. In 2016, at Ethiopian Somali region (43.6 %) of pregnant mothers had an Antenatal Care (ANC) visit at least once during their last pregnancy and only (11.8%) had a history of four or more visits for Antenatal Care, which are the lowest rates among all regions in Ethiopia.Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the barriers and determine enabling factors affecting Antenatal Care service utilization in Somali Regional state.Methods: A qualitative exploration was conducted from February 18 to March 11, 2017. A pre-tested semi-structured interview guides, and facility abstractions with checklists were used to collect the data. A total of 31 individual interviews, 12 focus group discussions, and 21 facility abstractions were collected. The population of the region were stratified into three areas based on their settlement characteristics as agro-pastoralist, pastoralist, and urban. Two districts were selected from each category based on their performance. The data was entered, coded, categorized, and analyzed by utilizing Nvivo version 11software. A thematic analysis was conducted using themes that were developed based on the constructs of the socio-ecological model.Results: According to the study, economic constraints, place of residence, mothers’ being lack of awareness, preference of female health care provider, husband’s disapproval, lack of acceptance by the community, absence of full ANC services packages related with shortage of manpower, medical supply in majority of the health facilities and lack of perceived benefits from ANC service were the main barriers of ANC service utilization. Conclusion: Individual, interpersonal, and organizational level factors were the most dominant barriers for ANC service utilization. Therefore, FMOH, regional, zonal and district level health administrators and other stakeholders should design effective IEC, community mobilization and work on supply-related problems to .increase ANC utilization in the region.

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Role of Traditional and New Media in Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt Region

Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts - Impact of Communication and the Media on Ethnic Conflict ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9728-7.ch002 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 23-37

Author(s):

Bala A. Musa

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Ethnic Conflict ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Political Conflict ◽

Ethnic Conflicts ◽

Critical Approach ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Peace Journalism

A chief obstacle to community development and progress in sub-Saharan Africa is persistent, widespread, low-scale, yet catastrophic, ethnic and communal conflicts. Nigeria is no exception! Nigeria's Middle-Belt region has experienced long-standing ethno-religious and political conflict/crises. Frequent and intermittent ethnic conflicts have persisted among the various ethnic groups. This research looks at the seemingly contrasting, yet complimentary, roles of traditional and new media in ethnic conflict transformation in the area. Using a peace journalism media-ecological model that incorporates spiral of silence, priming, agenda-setting, and framing theoretical frameworks, the research analyzes the (dis)functional roles legacy and new media play in conflict exacerbation, resolution, and mediation. It employs a qualitative interpretive critical approach to examine how traditional and new media respond to ethnic conflicts in the region. It proposes a new ethic for ethnic conflict reporting, suitable for professional and citizen journalists.

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