scholarly journals Mitigating Effects of Beta-Carotene on Hydroponic Growth and Productivity of Amaranthus Hybridus L. under Aluminium Toxicity Induced Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna Oliver Egedigwe ◽  
Obi Sergius Udengwu
Keyword(s):  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Stress Situation ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Hydroponic Growth

Abstract Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major sources of environmental stress that limit plant growth and productivity in many acidic soils, especially in the tropics and sub-tropics. Al toxicity subsequently leads to food insecurity in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Though plants can synthesize their antioxidants; the need exists to investigate whether under Al toxicity-induced stress; beta-carotene (β-Carotene) supplementation could ameliorate the stress situation and enhance growth and productivity. A 3× 10− 2 mM aluminium chloride (AlCl3) at pH 4.6 was used to stress plants. β-Carotene was extracted from carrots and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine its peak absorbance at 295 nm. β-Carotene's activity was determined using the thiobarbituric acid method. The effects of 50 and 200 µM concentrations of β-Carotene on the hydroponic growth of Amaranthus hybridus, subjected to Al stress, were evaluated in this study. Pre- and post- β-Carotene treatments were applied to A. hybridus seedlings before and after Al treatment for 72 h. Results showed that post- β-Carotene treatments significantly ameliorated plants from Al stress when compared to pre- β-Carotene treatments. Higher doses of β-Carotene significantly increased leaf number, plant height, length and number of inflorescence, fresh and dry weights of shoot, root and inflorescence but significantly decreased root length. The present study suggests that plants of A. hybridus were susceptible to Al toxicity-induced stress and post-β-Carotene supplementation could significantly ameliorate the stress situation and enhance growth and productivity. However, intrinsic antioxidants could be adequate for plants not subjected to stress.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on the effect of processing methods on the nutritional value of Basella alba, Talinum triangulare, Celosia argentea, Amaranthus hybridus and Gnetum africanum leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 044-052
Author(s):  
Tawakaltu Abdulrasheed-Adeleke ◽  
Samson Onuche-Ojo Shaibu ◽  
Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola ◽  
Rabiat Unekwu Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Haruna Garba
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Talinum Triangulare ◽  
Β Carotene

The nutritional composition of vegetables is adversely affected by the method of processing for storage or preservation. This study was designed to determine the effect of blanching, boiling, and drying on the nutritional composition of selected vegetables using standard analytical methods. Proximate analysis was carried out on the fresh and processed leaf samples. Results obtained revealed that all the vegetables analyzed contained an appreciable amount of moisture, ash, protein, fiber, carbohydrate, β-carotene, and vitamins. Results also showed that all the processing methods employed significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the nutritional compositions of the vegetables studied. However, drying under the shade retained more nutrients compared to the other processing methods. Drying significantly increased (p < 0.05) the carbohydrate and protein contents of all the leaves (79.92 % & 7.51 % respectively in Basella alba, 66.74 % & 12.09 % respectively in Amaranthus hybridus, 82.56 % & 10.07 % respectively in Celosia argentea, 70.77 % & 13.05 % respectively in Gnetum africanum and 89.12 % & 4.70 % respectively in Talinum triangulare) compared to blanching, boiling and the control. Thus, from the three processing methods studied, drying was the most effective processing method that retained nutrients and is, therefore, a good preservation method for the vegetables.

scholarly journals Analysis of βeta-carotene from Jongi (Dillenia Serrata Thunb.) as a source of vitamin A

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisa ◽  
Ryka Marina Walanda
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Healthy Eyes

Beta-carotene is converted in the body to vitamin A, a powerful antioxidant that plays an essential role in maintaining healthy eyes, skin, and neurological function. Beta-carotene and other carotenoids have antioxidant activities and are valued for their ability to prevent chronic disease. β-carotene is found in yellow, orange, red, and green fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine the β-carotene in Jongi. Jongi (Dillenia Serrata Thunb.) is an endemic fruit of Sulawesi which contains β-carotene. The samples used in this study were raw jongi and ripe jongi extracted with n-hexane: acetone (1:4). To the samples were analyzed quantitatively using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 450.00 nm. The results showed that the β-carotene in raw jongi was 0.3554 mg/100 g and the β- carotene in ripe jongi was 1.1841 mg/100 g. Ripe jongi consist of more β-carotene than the raw jongi, hence better as a source of Vitamin A.

Effects of Beta-carotene Administration on Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Karakaya Bilen ◽  
Gülnaz Yılmazbaş Mecitoglu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Β Carotene

Background: Beta-(β-) carotene, is the precursor to vitamin A, in particular, has some potential benefits on reproduction. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of β-carotene administration on fertility following either prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows.Methods: Cows with at 47±3 postpartum days were divided into two groups: β-carotene group (βC, n=139) was treated with injectable β-carotene while untreated cows served as control (CON, n=227). In both groups, PGF was administered and heatmount detectors were applied at 54±3 days postpartum. Cows detected in estrus after PGF were inseminated. Cows that had not been detected in estrus were divided into two groups 7 days after PGF administration; βC-OVS (n=137) and CON-OVS (n=89). Ovsynch protocol was initiated 4 days after β-carotene administration.Result: The estrus detection rate was similar between the βC and CON groups (P = 0.19). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on d 31 was also similar between groups (P = 0.93). In the Ovsynch protocol, ovulation to the first GnRH and ovulatory follicle diameter at the time of insemination did not differ between groups. No difference was observed in P/AI at d 31 (P = 0.13). The results of this study indicated that β-carotene administration had no effect on fertility either PGF induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows. 

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Food-Based Intervention to Increase Breast Milk Vitamin A Content at One Month of Infancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Sumathi Swaminathan ◽  
Sumithra Selvam ◽  
Agnita Narendra ◽  
Tinku Thomas ◽  
Anil Vasudevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Deuterium Dilution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Objectives Vitamin A requirements in early infancy are met only by breast milk intake. It is critical to ensure adequate breast milk vitamin A levels which also helps develop liver stores. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a maternal food-based intervention on breast milk vitamin A content Methods Pregnant women (n = 50; 24 ± 1 week of gestation) were recruited for the randomized study. A 10 g of a green leafy vegetable powder (mint/coriander/curry) providing about 3200 μg β-carotene/day, for a period of 4 months up to 1 month of lactation were provided for intervention arm. Breast milk (BM) retinol concentration and BM volume were assessed. BM retinol and beta-carotene were assayed by HPLC and BM fat by creamatocrit method. BM retinol: fat ratio was calculated. The dose-to-mother deuterium dilution technique was used to estimate BM volume through enrichment of saliva measured by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Total BM retinol content was calculated from BM volume and the BM retinol (including beta-carotene:1 vitamin A RAE = 12 μg β-carotene). Inadequacy of intake was defined as proportion of infants with intake below a requirement of 400 μg RAE/day. Analysis of co-variance was performed after adjusting for age of mother, change in maternal blood retinol from baseline and BM fat, to compare outcomes between intervention and control arm. Results Maternal age, gestational age, socio-demographic characteristics and baseline vitamin A intake were comparable in both arms. Mean BM volume was similar in the 2 arms (676 ± 102 in intervention vs 630 ± 100 ml/day in control). BM retinol content (0.72 ± 0.12 vs 0.64 ± 0.11 μg/mL; P = 0.029) and BM retinol: fat ratio [0.41 (0.31, 0.47) vs 0.29 (0.21, 0.41), P = 0.011] were significantly higher in the intervention arm. The mean total BM retinol content was significantly higher in the intervention (482.2 ± 100.7 vs 406.5 ± 89.2 μg/day; P = 0.015; Cohen's effect size 0.80). Inadequacy of infant vitamin A intake was 14.3% in the intervention arm as against 39.1% in the control arm (P = 0.065). Conclusions The food-based intervention was effective in increasing vitamin A content in breast milk and thereby vitamin A intake in infants. Funding Sources International Atomic Energy Agency.

scholarly journals Retention of Pro-Vitamin A Content in Products from New Biofortified Cassava Varieties

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Emmanuel Eyinla ◽  
Busie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Oladeji Emmanuel Alamu ◽  
Rasaki Ajani Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Percentage Retention ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Plant breeding efforts in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have produced biofortified cassava with high carotenoid content to address vitamin A deficiencies (VAD). Since carotenoids in foods are easily depleted during processing, the retention of β-carotene in some newly released cassava varieties is under query. From four of these new varieties, two commonly consumed products (gari and its dough) were processed according to standard methods. Retention of β-carotene was then probed after applying fermentation periods of a day and three days. The possible contribution of the products to Vitamin A intake in children, adolescents, and women was also assessed. The concentration of β-carotene in fresh Cassava roots ranged from 5.32 to 7.81 µg/g. The percentage retention ranged from 14.4 to 29.3% and 10 to 21.7% in gari fermented for one and three days respectively. The impact of varietal difference and length of fermentation was significant on retention in the intermediate and final products (p < 0.001). When compared with dietary intake data, cooking biofortified gari into its dough reduced Vitamin A intake in most varieties. We conclude that processing Cassava into gari (especially its dough) could hinder the retention of β-carotene however some varieties have retention advantage over others irrespective of the initial concentration in their fresh roots.

scholarly journals Metabolomic profile of response to supplementation with β-carotene in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Mondul ◽  
Joshua N Sampson ◽  
Steven C Moore ◽  
Stephanie J Weinstein ◽  
Anne M Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Β Carotene

Physiological and transcriptional responses of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves to aluminium stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-905
Author(s):  
H. N. XU ◽  
K. WANG ◽  
Y. N. ZHANG ◽  
Q. CHEN ◽  
L. M. CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Al Treatment

SummaryAluminium (Al) toxicity is the major factor-limiting crop productivity in acid soils. In the present study, physiological and transcriptional responses of broad bean leaves to Al stress were investigated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, H2O2 content and protein carbonyls (PC) level in leaves were increased after 100 μm AlCl3 stress treatment, whereas the total protein content was decreased, compared with the plants without Al treatment. Stomatal closure in leaves of broad bean was increased after Al stress, suggesting that the photosynthesis rate might be affected by Al stress. The relative citrate secretion in leaves was decreased after Al treatment for 24 h according to the 13C-NMR analysis, indicating that citrate in leaves might be transported to the root to chelate Al3+. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of Al toxicity in leaves of broad bean, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library was constructed to identify up-regulated genes: cDNA from leaves subjected to 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of 50 and 100 μm AlCl3 stress were used as testers and cDNA from leaves subjected to 0 μm AlCl3 treatment for the same lengths of time as above were used as a driver. The SSH analysis identified 156 non-redundant putative Al stress-responsive expressed sequence tags (ESTs) out of 960 clones. The ESTs were categorized into ten functional groups, which were involved in metabolism (0·21), protein synthesis and protein fate (0·10), photosynthesis and chloroplast structure (0·09), transporter (0·08), cell wall related (0·06), signal transduction (0·05), defence, stress and cell death (0·05), energy (0·03), transcription factor (0·03) and unknown proteins (0·30). The effect of Al treatment on expression of 15 selected genes was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), confirming induction by Al stress. The results indicated that genes involved in organic acid metabolism, transport, photosynthesis and chloroplast structure, defence, stress and cell death might play important roles under Al stress.

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