scholarly journals Factors associated with inappropriate overdose response among people who use prescription opioids non-medically in rural Appalachia: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Macmadu ◽  
Kelly K. Gurka ◽  
Herbert I. Linn ◽  
Gordon S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Inappropriate Response ◽  
Rural Appalachia ◽  
Overdose Deaths

Abstract Background Opioid-related overdose deaths have accelerated in recent years. In response, overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs have been implemented across the United States, although many rural Appalachians continue to lack access. Despite the growing number of OEND programs, risk factors for inappropriate overdose response among persons who are training-naïve are currently unknown. Methods We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit and enroll 169 adults who use prescription opioids non-medically from three rural counties in West Virginia. Participants were interviewed to ascertain experience with witnessed overdose (lifetime and prior-year), characteristics of the most recent witnessed overdose, responses to the witnessed overdose, and OEND acceptability. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with inappropriate response to opioid-related overdose. Results Among the 73 (43% of the total sample) participants who witnessed an opioid-related overdose, the majority (n = 53, 73%) reported any inappropriate response. Participants were significantly more likely to report an inappropriate overdose response when the overdose victim was unresponsive (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.07, 10.58). The most common appropriate responses were staying with the victim until recovery or help arrived (n = 66, 90%) and calling 911 (n = 63, 86%), while the most common inappropriate responses were hitting or slapping the victim (n = 37, 51%) and rubbing the victim with ice or placing them in a cold shower or bath (n = 14, 19%). While most (n = 60, 82%) had never heard of overdose prevention training, the vast majority (n = 69, 95%) were willing to participate in training, particularly those who had responded inappropriately (n = 52, 98%). Conclusions These findings underscore the urgent need for expanded access to OEND programs in at-risk rural communities that lacked coverage. Indeed, information generated by this study informed the development of a statewide naloxone distribution program in WV. These findings also indicate OEND programs are highly acceptable to training-naïve people who use opioids in rural Appalachia. Additional approaches to expand access to harm reduction services in the region, including mobile services and mail-based naloxone distribution should be aggressively pursued.

scholarly journals Factors associated with depressive symptoms in a sample of Brazilian medical students

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Natalie Arraes Guedes Macedo ◽  
Luciana Loureiro Nardotto ◽  
Luiz Henrique Junqueira Dieckmann ◽  
Yngrid Dieguez Ferreira ◽  
Barbara Arraes Guedes Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Fourth Year Medical Students ◽  
Survey And Evaluation ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVES: 1 - Verify the prevalence of depressive symptoms in first to fourth-year medical students using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). 2 - Establish correlations between target factors and higher or lower BDI scores. 3 - Investigate the relationship between the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the demand for psychological care offered by the Centro Universitário Lusíada. METHOD: Cross-sectional study of 290 first to fourth-year medical students; implementation of the BDI, socio-demographic survey, and evaluation of satisfaction with progress. RESULTS: The study sample was 59% female and 41% male. Mean BDI was 6.3 (SD 5.8). Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23.1%. The following associations were statistically significant (p<0.05): among students for whom the course failed to meet original expectations, who were dissatisfied with the course, or who came from the interior of the State (20.5%, 12.5%, and 24.4% of the total sample, respectively), for 40%, 36.1% and 36.4%, respectively, the BDI was consistent with some degree of depression. CONCLUSION: The study showed that there is higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in medical students than in the general population

scholarly journals Factors associated with scorpion stings in schoolchildren: cross-sectional study from two rural communities of Guerrero, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufino Silva-Domínguez ◽  
Sergio Paredes-Solís ◽  
Antonio J. Cortés-Guzmán ◽  
Miguel Flores-Moreno ◽  
José G. Baldazo-Monsivaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Scorpion Stings

scholarly journals Educational Attainment Better Reduces Disability for Non-Hispanic than Hispanic Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Disability

Objectives: Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) refers to the weaker protective health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) for minorities, particularly educational attainment for racial and ethnic minorities, compared to the general population. This pattern has been documented among African-Americans compared to Whites, however, we know very little about MDRs for educational attainment on disability among Hispanics compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Aims: This cross-sectional study explored ethnic variation in the effects of educational attainment on severity of disability in the United States of America (USA). Materials and Methods: The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was a national survey of the general population in the USA. The total sample was 1021 American adults that reported some disability. Of the 1021 participants, 855 identified as Non-Hispanic and 165 identified as Hispanic. The independent variable was educational attainment. The main outcome was severity of disability measured using self-reported data. Age, gender, and race were covariates. Ethnicity was the effect modifier. Results: Among individuals with a disability, higher levels of educational attainment were associated with fewer disabilities, independent of all confounders. When ethnicity and educational attainment were interacted on severity of disability, the results indicated a smaller protective effect for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics with a disability. Ethnicity-stratified models showed an effect for Non-Hispanics but not for Hispanics. Conclusions: The protective effects of educational attainment against severity of disability are smaller for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics. To prevent health disparities, there is a need to minimize MDRs of SES for ethnic minorities. To do so, there is a need for innovative economic, public, and social policies that are not limited to equalizing educational attainment but that also help minorities leverage their resources and gain tangible outcomes.

scholarly journals Intention to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine by U.S. Health Sciences University Employees

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110366
Author(s):  
Travis S. Dowdle ◽  
Jeff Dennis ◽  
Kenneth M. Nugent ◽  
Theresa Byrd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
To Receive

Objectives: Understanding vaccine intentions and attitudes of health professionals is critical as the Pfizer-BioNTech and the Moderna COVID19 vaccines are being administered throughout the United States. This study estimates the level of vaccine hesitancy at a health sciences center in West Texas prior to the distribution of the vaccines. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was performed via anonymous Qualtrics survey administered to approximately 4500 faculty, staff, postdoctoral research associates/medical residents, and employees at a multi-campus health sciences university in the United States. Respondents were asked demographic questions and intention to receive the vaccine. Factors associated with the intention to receive a vaccine were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total sample of 2258 subjects were evaluated (50.0% response rate). Among all respondents, 64.6% reported that they would probably or definitely receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Men had higher levels of intention to receive the vaccine (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.64-2.71); respondents who indicated yearly influenza vaccines are necessary were also more likely to receive the vaccine (OR = 6.04, 95% CI 4.70-7.75). Eighty-three percent of faculty and 56% of the staff reported intention to receive the vaccine. Respondents who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 reported more interest in receiving the vaccine (58.5% yes vs 41.5% no). Conclusion: In this study, the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccination at a United States health sciences center falls below the necessary herd immunity estimates. Public health initiatives must be developed to decrease vaccine hesitancy, especially among health professionals.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Implementation of Documentation by Midwives in Pekanbaru

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Anita
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Independent Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Soap Method

Documentation of Midwifery is a recording and reporting evidence owned by midwives in performing care records that is useful for the interest of patient, midwivesand health team. Documenting can be applied to the Subjective, Objective, Analysis and Planning (SOAP) method. This study aimed to determinefactors associated with the implementation of the SOAP documentation by midwife in Pekanbaru City in 2016. This study was a quantitative analytical observationalstudy with analytic cross-sectional study design. The population was all Independent Practice Midwives or maternity hospital in Pekanbaru City witha total sample of 191 midwives with systematic random sampling procedure. Data were collected through interview using questionnaires and the midwives’documentation records. The results showed that variables which affected the implementation of SOAP documenting method were the documentation format(POR 15.988), supervision (POR 6.366) and attitude (POR 2.729). This means that midwives with the unavailable format were 16 times at risk of carrying outthe documentation not in accordance with SOAP, while the midwives who were never supervised were 6 times at risk and the midwives with negative attitudeswere 3 times at risk.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV and Associated Risks of Sex Work among Youth in the Slums of Kampala

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica H. Swahn ◽  
Rachel Culbreth ◽  
Laura F. Salazar ◽  
Rogers Kasirye ◽  
Janet Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for engaging in sex work among youth living in Kampala, Uganda.Methods. Analyses are based on a cross-sectional study (N= 1,134) of youth aged 12-18 years, living in the slums of Kampala, conducted in Spring of 2014. The analytic sample consisted of only sexually active youth (n= 590). Youth who reported engaging in sex work were compared to youth who did not report sex work. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with sex work.Results. Among the youth who had ever had sexual intercourse (n= 590), 13.7% (n= 81) reported engaging in sex work. Self-reported HIV prevalence was 13.9% among the total sample (n= 81) and 22.5% (n= 18) among youth engaged in sex work. Engaging in sex work was associated with being female (AOR 10.4; 95% CI: 3.9, 27.4), being an orphan (AOR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.7, 8.4), ever drinking alcohol (AOR 8.3; 95% CI 3.7, 19.0), and experiencing any rape (AOR 5.3; 95% CI: 2.9, 9.5).Discussion. The reported prevalence of sex work is high among youth in the slums of Kampala and is associated with high HIV prevalence, ever drinking alcohol, previously being raped, and being an orphan.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini and its Associated Risk Fac-tors in the Phon Sawan District of Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiwat Srithai ◽  
Sriwipa Chuangchaiya ◽  
Siriluk Jaichuang ◽  
Zulkarnain Md Idris
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Parasite Infections

Background: Opisthorchis viverrini is one of the endemic helminths in Thailand. Nonetheless, O. viverrini still exist and raise concerns regarding public health. This study aimed to evaluate the current prevalence of O. viverrini infections and underlying risk factors among rural communities in Northeast Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between Sep and Dec 2019 in Phon Sawan district in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand. The participants were selected using a voluntary sampling method after the proportional allocation of the total sample size. Demographic data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. One stool sample was collected from each participant and the presence of O. viverrini and other intestinal parasite infections were determined using the modified Kato-Katz technique. Results: Overall, 250 participants aged 21 yr or older were enrolled. Overall, the prevalence of O. viverrini and Strongyloides stercoralis was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.8-29.8) and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.2-3.5), respectively. Of the positive O. viverrini cases, the parasite rate significantly differed between gender, age group and in those who had a history of eating raw fish and taking the anti-helminthic drug (all P<0.05). Nevertheless, multivariate regression analysis among O. viverrini cases revealed that only being male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.9 [95% CI: 1.1 – 3.6], P = 0.033) and aged ≥61 yr (aOR 6.7 [95% CI: 1.4 – 32.5], P=0.018) were positively associated with a higher risk of O. viverrini infection. Conclusion: Opisthorchiasis and strongyloidiasis are still endemic in this area and there is a need for projects to eliminate these parasites.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Masyarakat RW 009 Kelurahan Bojong Menteng Bekasi 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Hadistia Maulitanisa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Hypertension or often known as "high" is one of the non-communicable diseases, which is currently a big and serious problem. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of hypertension in RW 009 community in Bojong Menteng Bekasi Village in 2018. This research is analytic by using cross sectional study design. This research was conducted from January 2018 until July 2018 with a total sample of 161 people. The instruments used in this study were sphygmomanometer, microtoise, weight scales and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out by univariate and bivariate using chi square test. The results of the study found 47.2% of respondents who experienced hypertension, who were at risk (≥40 years) as much as 58.4%, male gender as much as 47.2%, history of family hypertension as much as 60.2%, obesity as much as 59 , 6%, smoking as much as 26.1%, less active physical activity by 53.4% and alcohol consumption by 1.2%. Furthermore, variables related to the incidence of hypertension were age (p = 0,000) PR 1,996 (95% CI: 1,334-2,986), history of family hypertension (p = 0,000) PR 3,197 (95% CI: 1,926-5,308), obesity (p = 0,000) PR 1,647 (95% CI: 1,264-2,145), smoking (p = 0,041) PR 1,473 (95% CI: 1,072-2,024), physical activity (p = 0,029) PR 1,495 (95% CI: 1,055- 2,118 ) Whereas, variables that were not related to the incidence of hypertension were sex (p = 0.252) PR 1.243 (95% CI: 0.896-1.724) and alcohol consumption (p = 1,000) PR 1.060 (95% CI: 0.263-4.280).The advice given to the puskesmas is that it is necessary to encourage the community, together with the head of RW 009 to raise awareness on routine health checks and routine exercise every holiday. Keywords: Hypertension, Factors that cause hypertension

scholarly journals Spine Patient Satisfaction With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822096552
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Satin ◽  
Kartik Shenoy ◽  
Evan D. Sheha ◽  
Bryce Basques ◽  
Gregory D. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spine Care

Study Design: Original research, cross-sectional study. Objectives: Evaluate patient satisfaction with spine care delivered via telemedicine. Identify patient- and visit-based factors associated with increased satisfaction and visit preference. Methods: Telemedicine visits with a spine surgeon at 2 practices in the United States between March and May 2020 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients were sent an electronic survey recording overall satisfaction, technical or clinical issues encountered, and preference for a telemedicine versus an in-person visit. Factors associated with poor satisfaction and preference of telemedicine over an in-person visit were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 772 responses were collected. Overall, 87.7% of patients were satisfied with their telemedicine visit and 45% indicated a preference for a telemedicine visit over an in-person visit if given the option. Patients with technical or clinical issues were significantly less likely to achieve 5 out of 5 satisfaction scores and were significantly more likely to prefer an in-person visit. Patients who live less than 5 miles from their surgeon’s office and patients older than 60 years were also significantly more likely to prefer in-person visits. Conclusions: Spine telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with high patient satisfaction. Additionally, 45% of respondents indicated a preference for telemedicine versus an in-patient visit in the future. In light of these findings, telemedicine for spine care may be a preferable option for a subset of patients into the future.

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