Demographic and Socioeconomic Variations in Diet Quality Among Pregnant Women in Mbeya, Tanzania

Abstract BackgroundSub-optimal diets are the primary risk factor for mortality among pregnant women. In Tanzania, many pregnant women have micronutrient deficiencies in iron, iodine, and vitamin A. Promoting healthy diets, with a focus on food quality and the consumption of fortified foods, may help to reduce mortality amongst pregnant women. However, more evidence is needed to inform the development of effective food based approaches. The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between demographic and socioeconomic factors with diet quality among pregnant women in Mbeya, Tanzania. MethodsData from a cross-sectional study conducted, in 2020, in Mbeya which included a population-based sample of 420 pregnant women was analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) with data from 24-HR diet recalls. Socioeconomic variables were also collected. Chi square-tests and one way ANOVAs were used to assess differences across demographic and socio-economic predictors of PDQS. Multivariate analyses were conducted to adjust for confounders and effect modifiers. All tests were two-tailed and significance level was set at 5%. ResultsStudy participants had a mean age of 25.49 ± 6.37 years. The mean PDQS was 16.2±2.7. For the PDQS, the consumption of at least 4 servings per week of food groups was as follows: dark green leafy green vegetables (29.2%), other vegetables (14.7%) and vegetable liquid oil (57.2%). Consumption of refined grains was high (48.0%). Pregnant women who visited antenatal clinics (ANC) had a reduced diet quality. Occupational status and household wealth index were significantly associated with PDQS in high quintile groups. Marital status was negatively associated with the PDQS and, pregnant women who reported to visit ANC were positively associated with PDQS. ConclusionsPregnant women aged 15-49 years in Mbeya region have low PDQS scores due to high intakes of refined grains, limited consumption of red meats, and low intakes of healthy cruciferous vegetables, whole citrus fruits and poultry. These findings suggest that public health action is needed to improve diet quality amongst pregnant women to improve health outcomes of this population.

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PENGARUH KELAS IBU HAMIL TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU TENTANG PEMERIKSAAN DAN PERAWATAN KEHAMILAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BATAM TAHUN 2016

Elisabeth Health Jurnal ◽

10.52317/ehj.v1i2.203 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

R.Oktaviance Simorangkir ◽

Lilis Sumardiani

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Workers ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Average Score ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Class Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Average Value ◽

Total Range

In the Working Area of Pancur Batu Puskesmas class, pregnant women begin to be implemented in 2016, but still found the low knowledge of pregnant women about the ideal pregnancy examination and there are pregnant women who show unimportant attitude checking pregnancy to health workers. Goals : The purpose of this research is to know the influence of maternal class on pregnant mother's knowledge and attitude about pregnancy examination and treatment. Methods : The study used a quantitative method with cross sectional design. The population of 151 pregnant women in Pancur Batu Community Health Center and 132 of them (63 pregnant women who had attended pregnant mother class and 69 pregnant women who never attended maternal class) were used as samples. Data analysis using independent t test at significance level α = 0,05. Result : The results showed the total range of knowledge scores of mothers who had followed the class of pregnant women is 7-13 with an average value of 10.08 ± 1.82, while the total range of scores of mothers who never follow the pregnant women's class is 1-9 with an average value 4,97,1,94. There is a maternal class effect on maternal knowledge of examination and treatment of pregnancy (p <3,82. There is a maternal class effect on maternal attitudes about examination and treatment of pregnancy (p3.13, while the total range of maternal scores that never follow the class of pregnant women is 27-47 with an average value of 35 , 410.001). The total score of attitudes of mothers who have attended the class of pregnant women is 41-56 with an average score of 48.24 <0.001). Conclution : It is expected that the Health Office to schedule Pancur Batu Puskesmas to carry out pregnant women's classes regularly and carried out 2 periods a year. Pancur Batu Puskesmas is expected to maintain the quality of pregnant women's classes and counseling invites all pregnant women to follow the class of pregnant women.

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The Project Appropriate Birth and Reduction of Cesarean Section Rates: an analysis using the Robson classification system

10.22541/au.161351537.75467660/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Ferreira D’Agostini Marin ◽

Amanda Wernke ◽

Daniela Dannehl ◽

Dyulie Araujo ◽

Gustavo Koch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Classification System ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Robson Classification ◽

Before And After

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate C-section rates, before and after the implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth based on the Robson 10-group classification system. DESIGN: An observational, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Maternity hospital in South Brazil. POPULATION: All pregnant women attending, April 2016 through April 2017 (phase 1, pre-implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth) and June 2017 through June 2018 (phase 2, post-implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth). METHODS: Maternal and obstetric characteristics were evaluated, including Robson’s classification, based on the characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth. Chi-square test and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were used to analyze study variables. The significance level was set at 5%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: C-section rate for each group, their contribution to the overall c-section rate and the differences in these contributions before and after PPA implementation. RESULTS: C-section rates decreased from 62.4% to 55.6%, which represented a 10.9% reduction after the implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth. Pregnant women in Robson classification groups 1 through 4 had the greatest decrease in C-section rates, ranging from 49.1% to 38.6%, which represents a 21.5% reduction. The greatest contributors to the overall C-section rates were group 5 and group 2, accounting for more than 60% of the C-section deliveries. CONCLUSION: The Project Appropriate Birth had an important impact on the reduction of C-section rates, especially in Robson classification groups 1 through 4, which indicates that providing mothers with evidence-based interventions for labor and childbirth assistance will contribute to reduce C-section rates.

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Poor dietary quality of complementary foods is associated with multiple micronutrient deficiencies during early childhood in Mongolia

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009991856 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1304-1313 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R Lander ◽

TS Enkhjargal ◽

J Batjargal ◽

N Bolormaa ◽

D Enkhmyagmar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Biochemical Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Food Groups ◽

Complementary Foods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breast Fed

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether persistent micronutrient deficiencies in Mongolian children identified in our earlier biochemical study are associated with inadequacies in quantity and/or quality in their complementary diets.DesignA cross-sectional study of breast-fed children aged 6–23 months, randomly selected from four districts in Ulaanbaatar and four provincial capitals.SubjectsWeight and length were measured, and sociodemographic status, feeding practices and nutrient adequacy of complementary foods for children aged 6–8 months (n 26), 9–11 months (n 29) and 12–23 months (n 73) were assessed via questionnaire and in-home interactive 24 h recalls.ResultsNo geographic differences existed so data were combined. Adherence to WHO infant and young child feeding practices was poor: few children were exclusively breast-fed up to 6 months of age or received the recommended number of feedings containing the recommended number of food groups. Nevertheless, energy intakes from complementary diets, primarily from cereals and non-nutritious snacks, were above WHO-estimated needs; <1 % of energy was from meat and eggs or fruits and vegetables. Median intakes and densities of most nutrients (except protein, thiamin and riboflavin) failed to meet WHO recommendations for at least two age groups, assuming average breast milk intake; greatest density deficits were for Fe > vitamin C > vitamin A > Zn > Ca.ConclusionsComplementary feeding in Mongolia is compromised by deficits in several micronutrients but not energy, in part because of frequent consumption of non-nutritious snacks. The latter may interfere with breast-feeding and should be avoided. Instead, wheat-based complementary foods should be enriched with affordable cellular animal foods and fruits rich in vitamin C to combat existing micronutrient deficits.

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Gastrointestinal symptoms in pregnancy among antenatal clinic attendees in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi, Northeast Nigeria

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200869 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1029

Author(s):

Muhammad Baffah Aminu ◽

Mohammed Alkali ◽

Bala M. Audu ◽

Toyin Abdulrazak

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Antenatal Clinic ◽

University Teaching ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Gi Symptoms ◽

Physical Changes ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Pregnant women are at increasing risk of GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and heartburns, most of these symptoms are as a result of the hormonal and physical changes associated with pregnancy. This study aimed to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) among pregnant women attending booking clinic at a Northeastern Nigerian Teaching Hospital.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey of four hundred and fifty-two pregnant women booking for antenatal care. Their sociodemographic variables as well as the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms in index pregnancy were obtained at by the use of researcher-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed and presented as frequencies and percentages. A 5% significance level (p <0.05) to test associations.Results: Two fifty-five women had heart burns (56.4%) while 235 (52.0%) had nausea in pregnancy, these were observed to be the most prevalent GI symptoms among the women. Diarrhea and hemorrhoids were the uncommon GI symptoms in the study population constituting 406 (89.5%), and 360 (79.6%) respectively. Easy fullness was noted in 39.8% of the women while vomiting was in 41.8% and constipation in 29% of the respondents. A significant association was observed (p value <0.05) between parity and development of anorexia and hemorrhoids in pregnancy (p values of 0.049 and 0.051 respectively) but not for the other symptoms.Conclusions: GI symptoms are common in pregnancy, the most prevalent symptoms are that of heart burns and nausea, while diarrhea is relatively uncommon.

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Prevalence of food insecurity in pregnant women and its association with gestational weight gain pattern, neonatal birth weight, and pregnancy complications in Hamadan County, Iran, in 2018

Agriculture & Food Security ◽

10.1186/s40066-020-00267-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farideh Kazemi ◽

Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi ◽

Arezoo Shayan ◽

Seyedeh Zahra Shahidi Yasaghi

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background The results of some studies have indicated the association between food insecurity and certain adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity in pregnant women and its association with pregnancy outcomes and complications. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 mothers who visited comprehensive health service centers during the first 10 days after delivery in 2018. The tools included the demographic and midwifery information questionnaire and an 18-item questionnaire devised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results 67.5% of pregnant women had food insecurity. The multivariate analysis showed that birth weight decreased with the increase in the severity of food insecurity, but the reduction was not statistically significant. Based on the results, food insecurity had no statistically significant impact on the mothers’ weight gain pattern (p = 0.13). The risk of hypertension/preeclampsia and anemia was not related to food insecurity. Compared with the food-secure group, the probability of gestational diabetes was 56% lower in the food-insecure group without hunger and 61% lower in the food-insecure group with moderate hunger; however, in the food-insecure group with severe hunger, this probability was 1.5 times more than the food-secure group, which is not statistically significant. Conclusions The prevalence of food insecurity was high in pregnant women. Maternal weight gains during pregnancy and birth weight (despite being statistically insignificant) were affected by this condition; therefore, it is necessary to identify women with food insecurity on their first pregnancy visit; it is also crucial to take steps towards improving their health through allocating a family food basket and nutritional support for these women at least during pregnancy. Due to the limited sample size and inability to control the potential confounders, the association between food insecurity during pregnancy and the incidence of pregnancy complications could not be reached, hence the need for more studies.

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Maternal Diet and the Serum Metabolome in Pregnancy: Robust Dietary Biomarkers Generalizable to a Multiethnic Birth Cohort

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Russell J de Souza ◽

Meera Shanmuganathan ◽

Amel Lamri ◽

Stephanie A Atkinson ◽

Allan Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Hippuric Acid ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Metabolites ◽

Dietary Biomarkers ◽

Specific Serum

ABSTRACT Background Advances in metabolomics are anticipated to decipher associations between dietary exposures and health. Replication biomarker studies in different populations are critical to demonstrate generalizability. Objectives To identify and validate robust serum metabolites associated with diet quality and specific foods in a multiethnic cohort of pregnant women. Design In this cross-sectional analysis of 3 multiethnic Canadian birth cohorts, we collected semiquantitative FFQ and serum data from 900 women at the second trimester of pregnancy. We calculated a diet quality score (DQS), defined as daily servings of “healthy” minus “unhealthy” foods. Serum metabolomics was performed by multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and specific serum metabolites associated with maternal DQSs were identified. We combined the results across all 3 cohorts using meta-analysis to classify robust dietary biomarkers (r > ± 0.1; P < 0.05). Results Diet quality was higher in the South Asian birth cohort (mean DQS = 7.1) than the 2 white Caucasian birth cohorts (mean DQS <3.2). Sixty-six metabolites were detected with high frequency (>75%) and adequate precision (CV <30%), and 47 were common to all cohorts. Hippuric acid was positively associated with healthy diet score in all cohorts, and with the overall DQS only in the primarily white Caucasian cohorts. We observed robust correlations between: 1) proline betaine—citrus foods; 2) 3-methylhistidine—red meat, chicken, and eggs; 3) hippuric acid—fruits and vegetables; 4) trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)—seafood, meat, and eggs; and 5) tryptophan betaine—nuts/legumes. Conclusions Specific serum metabolites reflect intake of citrus fruit/juice, vegetables, animal foods, and nuts/legumes in pregnant women independent of ethnicity, fasting status, and delays to storage across multiple collection centers. Robust biomarkers of overall diet quality varied by cohort. Proline betaine, 3-methylhistidine, hippuric acid, TMAO, and tryptophan betaine were robust dietary biomarkers for investigations of maternal nutrition in diverse populations.

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Maternal Dietary Intake During Pregnancy and Its Association with Size of Offspring at Birth and One Year of Age (P11-031-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz048.p11-031-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarika Tyagi ◽

G S Toteja ◽

Neena Bhatia

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Food Groups ◽

One Year ◽

Maternal Dietary Intake ◽

Slum Population

Abstract Objectives In resource poor countries like India pregnant women are prone to inadequate dietary intake which causes macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies and consequently leads to low‐birth weight infants with higher risks of morbidity and mortality. Present study was planned with the following objectives: To assess dietary intake of pregnant women during third trimester.To correlate maternal dietary intake with size of infants at birth and at one year of age. Methods This longitudinal study was carried out among slum population of Delhi. Dietary intake data was obtained from 144 pregnant women during pregnancy (gestational age > 28 weeks) using 24 hr recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method. Pregnant women were followed upto delivery and birth size (weight, length, head circumference and MUAC) of infants was measured within 72 hours of birth. Infants were followed quarterly upto one year of age for anthropometric measurements. For statistical analysis One Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient methods were used. Results Food consumption data revealed that average consumption of all food groups was lower than the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) and percentage adequacy was poor for cereals (96.25%), pulses (51.3%), green leafy vegetables (24.4%), other vegetables (42.5%), fruits (34.8%) and milk and milk products (36.9%).Median intake for all the nutrients was also found lower than Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Percentage adequacy was alsopoor for energy (70.4%), protein (61.0%), thiamine (70.8%), riboflavin (28.6%), niacin (54.9%), B6 (41.6%), folates (35.1%), ascorbic acid (99.4%), retinol (16.2%), calcium (33.6%), iron (28.6%), magnesium (90.1%), and zinc (57.8%).Maternal food group intake and nutrient intake during pregnancy were found significantly correlated with weight, length and MUAC of infants at birth but not at 12 months of age. Even though birth weight and weight at 12 months increased consistently with increase in maternal energy and protein adequacy, this association was not significant at 12 months of age. Conclusions Dietary intake of pregnant women was lower than the recommended dietary intake among slum population of Delhi. Maternal dietary intake was found significantly associated with size of infants at birth. Funding Sources Indian Council Of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.

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Food Security and Diet Quality in Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino Infants 3 to 12 Months of Age

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12072120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2120

Author(s):

Sally Campbell ◽

John J. Chen ◽

Carol J. Boushey ◽

Heather Eicher-Miller ◽

Fengqing Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Native Hawaiian ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Pacific Islander ◽

Infant Food ◽

Food Groups ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Food insecurity and other nutritional risks in infancy pose a lifelong risk to wellbeing; however, their effect on diet quality in Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino (NHPIF) infants in Hawai‘i is unknown. In this cross-sectional analysis, the association between various indicators of food security and NHPIF infant diet quality were investigated in 70 NHPIF infants aged 3–12 months residing on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The dietary assessments of the infants were collected using a mobile food recordTM. Foods consumed across four days were categorized into seven food groups. Indicators for food security were examined through an adapted infant food security index and other indicators. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, multinomial logistic regression, and linear regression models. In models adjusting for age and sex, infants defined as food insecure by the adapted index were found to consume foods from more food groups and consume flesh foods on a greater proportion of days. Of the indicators examined, the adapted index was shown to be the best indicator for food group consumption. Further work is needed on a more representative sample of NHPIF infants to determine the impact that food security has on nutritional status and other indicators of health.

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Consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of micronutrients in southern Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013001857 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 1555-1564 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Lima Cirino ◽

Roberta de Vargas Zanini ◽

Denise Petrucci Gigante

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Economic Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Warning Sign ◽

Local Market ◽

Food Groups ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Southern City

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of vitamins and minerals (FVFVM) according to demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics.DesignA cross-sectional population-based study.SettingThe investigated food groups were selected in two stages according to availability of food in the local market and prevalence of food consumption in a recent national survey. The research instruments included a questionnaire and a photographic catalogue. The FVFVM consumption covered a period of one week prior to the interview date. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12·0 statistical software package, considering the design effect and a hierarchical model. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios. All tests were two-tailed, with a 5·0 % significance level.SubjectsAdults (≥20 years old) living in a southern city of Brazil.ResultsBetween February and June 2012, 2925 individuals were interviewed. Losses and refusals corresponded to 13·4 % of the sample. The overall prevalence of FVFVM consumption was 73·3 (95 % CI 71·7, 75·9) %. The total number of FVFVM reported exhibited a distribution with a median of two and a maximum of fifteen, inflated by the FVFVM categorized in the ‘juice’ group. The micronutrients most consumed were vitamin C, followed by Fe and thiamin. Young adults, females, those of higher socio-economic status and those who perceived their health positively were more likely to consume FVFVM.ConclusionsPrevalence of FVFVM consumption in southern Brazil, occurring concurrently with the decline in consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, and the way voluntary fortification is being employed trigger a warning sign to primary prevention.

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Sociodemographic factors associated with pregnant women's level of knowledge about oral health

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wander Barbieri ◽

Stela Verzinhasse Peres ◽

Carla de Britto Pereira ◽

João Peres Neto ◽

Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Health Promotion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Level Of Knowledge

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate knowledge on oral health and associated sociodemographic factors in pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study with a sample of 195 pregnant women seen at the Primary Care Unit Paraisópolis I, in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. For statistical analysis, χ2 or Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression were used. A significance level of 5% was used in all analyses. Results Schooling level equal to or greater than 8 years and having one or two children were associated with an adequate knowledge about oral health. Conclusion Oral health promotion strategies during prenatal care should take into account sociodemographic aspects.

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