scholarly journals The genotypic and genetic diversity of enset (Ensete ventricosum) landraces used in traditional medicine is similar to the diversity found in starchy landraces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
gizachew Woldesenbet Nuraga ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Manosh Kumar Biswas ◽  
Trude Schwarzacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Use Values

Abstract Background Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a multipurpose crop extensively cultivated in southern and southwestern Ethiopia for human food, animal feed and fiber. It contributes to the food security and rural livelihoods of 20 million people. Several distinct enset landraces are cultivated for their uses in traditional medicine. Socio-economic changes and the loss of indigenous knowledge might lead to the decline of important medicinal landraces and their associated genetic diversity. However, it is currently unknown whether medicinal landraces are genetically differentiated from other landraces. Here, we characterize the genetic diversity of medicinal enset landraces to support effective conservation and utilization of their diversity Results We evaluated the genetic diversity of 51 enset landraces of which 38 have reported medicinal value. A total of 38 alleles were detected across the 15 SSR loci. AMOVA revealed that 97.6% of the total genetic variation is among individual with an FST of 0.024 between medicinal and non-medicinal landraces. A neighbor-joining tree showed four separate clusters with no correlation to the use values of the landraces. Principal coordinate analysis also confirmed the absence of distinct clustering between the groups, showing low differentiation among landraces used in traditional medicine and those having other use values. Conclusion We found that enset landraces were clustered irrespective of their use value, showing no evidence for genetic differentiation between enset grown for ‘medicinal’ uses and non-medicinal landraces. This suggests that enset medicinal properties may be restricted to a more limited number of genotypes, a product of interaction with the environment or management practice, or partly misreported. The study provide baseline information that promotes further investigations in exploiting the medicinal value of these specific landraces

scholarly journals The genotypic and genetic diversity of enset (Ensete ventricosum) landraces used in traditional medicine is similar to the diversity found in starchy landraces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizachew Woldesenbet Nuraga ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Manosh Kumar Biswas ◽  
Trude Schwarzacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Use Values

AbstractBackgroundEnset (Ensete ventricosum) is a multipurpose crop extensively cultivated in southern and southwestern Ethiopia for human food, animal feed and fiber. It contributes to the food security and rural livelihoods of 20 million people. Several distinct enset landraces are cultivated for their uses in traditional medicine. Socio-economic changes and the loss of indigenous knowledge might lead to the decline of important medicinal landraces and their associated genetic diversity. However, it is currently unknown whether medicinal landraces are genetically differentiated from other landraces. Here, we characterize the genetic diversity of medicinal enset landraces to support effective conservation and utilization of their diversityResultsWe evaluated the genetic diversity of 51 enset landraces of which 38 have reported medicinal value. A total of 38 alleles were detected across the 15 SSR loci. AMOVA revealed that 97.6% of the total genetic variation is among individual with an FST of 0.024 between medicinal and non-medicinal landraces. A neighbor-joining tree showed four separate clusters with no correlation to the use values of the landraces. Principal coordinate analysis also confirmed the absence of distinct clustering between the groups, showing low differentiation among landraces used in traditional medicine and those having other use values.ConclusionWe found that enset landraces were clustered irrespective of their use value, showing no evidence for genetic differentiation between enset grown for ‘medicinal’ uses and non-medicinal landraces. This suggests that enset medicinal properties may be restricted to a more limited number of genotypes, a product of interaction with the environment or management practice, or partly misreported. The study provide baseline information that promotes further investigations in exploiting the medicinal value of these specific landraces

scholarly journals The Genetic Diversity of Enset (Ensete ventricosum) Landraces Used in Traditional Medicine Is Similar to the Diversity Found in Non-medicinal Landraces

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizachew Woldesenbet Nuraga ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Manosh Kumar Biswas ◽  
Trude Schwarzacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Medicinal Value

Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a multipurpose crop extensively cultivated in southern and southwestern Ethiopia for human food, animal feed, and fiber. It has immense contributions to the food security and rural livelihoods of 20 million people. Several distinct enset landraces are cultivated for their uses in traditional medicine. These landraces are vulnerable to various human-related activities and environmental constraints. The genetic diversity among the landraces is not verified to plan conservation strategy. Moreover, it is currently unknown whether medicinal landraces are genetically differentiated from other landraces. Here, we characterize the genetic diversity of medicinal enset landraces to support effective conservation and utilization of their diversity. We evaluated the genetic diversity of 51 enset landraces, of which 38 have reported medicinal value. A total of 38 alleles across the 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and a moderate level of genetic diversity (He = 0.47) were detected. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) revealed that only 2.4% of the total genetic variation was contributed by variation among the medicinal and non-medicinal groups of landraces, with an FST of 0.024. A neighbor-joining tree showed four separate clusters with no correlation to the use-values of the landraces. Except for two, all “medicinal” landraces with distinct vernacular names were found to be genetically different, showing that vernacular names are a good indicator of genetic distinctiveness in these specific groups of landraces. The discriminant analysis of the principal components also confirmed the absence of distinct clustering between the two groups. We found that enset landraces were clustered irrespective of their use-value, showing no evidence for genetic differentiation between the enset grown for ‘medicinal’ uses and non-medicinal landraces. This suggests that enset medicinal properties may be restricted to a more limited number of genotypes, might have resulted from the interaction of genotype with the environment or management practice, or partly misreported. The study provides baseline information that promotes further investigations in exploiting the medicinal value of these specific landraces.

Gymnanthemum coloratum: Review of its Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties -

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities

Gymnanthemum coloratum is a shrub or a small tree widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. The current study is aimed at reviewing the phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of G. coloratum. Literature on pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of G. coloratum was obtained from numerous internet sources such as Scopus, Elsevier, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, BMC and Web of Science. Other sources of information included pre-electronic sources such as journal articles, theses, book chapters, books and other scientific publications obtained from the university library. The articles published between 1964 and 2020 were used in this study. The current study showed that G. coloratum is used as an anthelmintic, and traditional medicine for reproductive problems, schistosomiasis, liver diseases, sexually transmitted infections, diabetes, sores and wounds, respiratory problems, malaria, skin diseases, fever and gastro-intestinal problems. Ethnopharmacological research identified glaucolides, lactones, amino acids, essential oils, alkaloids, anthocyanins, cardenolids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, leucoanthocyanins, phenols, quinones, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenes from the aerial parts, leaves, roots and stems of G. coloratum. The aerial parts, leaves, roots and whole plant parts of G. coloratum and compounds isolated from the species exhibited anthelmintic, antimicrobial, anti-Blastocystis, anti-inflammatory, anti-sickling, insecticidal and larvicidal, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-Toxoplasma, hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic and cytotoxicity activities. Gymnanthemum coloratum should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals Morphological Traits Among the Enset (Ensete Ventricosum) Landraces and Cultural Use of the Landraces for the Livelihood of People in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegnehu Tekalign ◽  
Newarinesh Feleke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum

Abstract BackgroundEnsete ventricosum is an important food crop consumed in the form of Bulla and Kocho mainly used in the southern parts of Ethiopia for their sustainable livelihood and ensuring food security. Besides, it is used as animal feed, as well as a source of medicine and fiber. This study was undertaken on the morphological traits among the Enset (Ensete ventricosum) landraces and cultural use of the landraces for the livelihood of people in Mareka woreda, Dawro zone, southern Ethiopia. The study was carried out in purposively selected four kebeles of Mareka district’s Dawro zone.ResultsA total of 145 (20 purposively selected key informants and 125 randomly selected respondents) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews, and field observation was also used to collect ethnobotanical data. The morphological traits were measured according to IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) descriptors for Enset. The data were analyzed by using computer software SPSS v 16.0 as well as Excel 2010 spreadsheet. A total of 33 Enset landraces were identified from the study area. Farmers gave the name for their landraces based on the morphological trait and sources of planting material. Identified landraces were grouped into five clusters based on their morphological trait variability. Mean plant height, pseudostem height, and circumference, leaf size, and numbers have significant differences among clusters. Cluster number five had the highest mean in plant height, pseudostem height, and circumference and cluster number three had the lowest mean. The highest landrace richness was recorded from Ocha (3.18) while the lowest was from Guta (2.56). The most abundant landraces were Amiya, Hoeya, Boza, Yaka, Bothena, Ontha, Adinona, Shasha, and Keteriya in the Mareka district.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the Dawro zone is rich in diversity of Enset, however, reduction in production and loss of some landraces was observed because of different factors. Therefore, attention must be given to the conservation and maintenances of Enset landraces by all the concerned bodies.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Metaphire vulgaris Based on the Mitochondrial COI Gene and Microsatellites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Honghua Ruan ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Ziting Que ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Genetic Structures

The earthworm species Metaphire vulgaris (a member of the Clitellata class) is widely distributed across China, and has important ecological functions and medicinal value. However, investigations into its genetic diversity and differentiation are scarce. Consequently, we evaluated the genetic diversity of five populations of M. vulgaris (GM, HD, NYYZ, QDDY, and QDY) in Yancheng, China via the mitochondrial COI gene and the novel microsatellites developed there. A total of nine haplotypes were obtained by sequencing the mitochondrial COI gene, among which NYYZ and QDDY populations had the greatest number of haplotypes (nh = 5). Further, the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.00437 to 0.1243. The neighbor-joining trees and the TCS network of haplotypes indicated that earthworm populations within close geographical range were not genetically isolated at these small scale distances. Results of the identification of microsatellite molecular markers revealed that the allele number in 12 microsatellite loci ranged from 4 to 13. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.151 to 0.644, whereas the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.213 to 0.847. The polymorphism data content of most sites was >0.5, which indicated that the designed sites had high polymorphism. Structural analysis results indicated that GM, HD, and NYYZ had similar genetic structures across the five populations. The Nei’s genetic distance between HD and NYYZ populations was the smallest (Ds = 0.0624), whereas that between HD and QDY populations was the largest (Ds = 0.2364). The UPGMA tree showed that HD were initially grouped with NYYZ, followed by GM, and then with QDDY. Furthermore, cross-species amplification tests were conducted for Metaphire guillelmi, which indicated that the presented markers were usable for this species. This study comprised a preliminary study on the genetic diversity of M. vulgaris, which provides basic data for future investigations into this species.

Indeginous Knowledge of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith; An Important Medicinal Fern of Western Ghats

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Charana Kumar ◽  
◽  
Clara Manasa P.A. ◽  
M. Jadeyegowda ◽  
Shrikant Gunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Similar Location

Indigenous knowledge on the usage of medicinal plants all over the world precedes the origin of modern medicine in healthcare system. Plants have given many health benefits to humans since ancient times. Drynaria quercifolia commonly called Oak Leaf Fern, is used in traditional medicinal system by different groups of people to treat various kinds of health problems however, in Ayurvedic System of Medicine it is sold in the name of ‘Ashwakatri’. The present study aims to document the traditional medicinal knowledge on Drynaria quercifolia in the Kodagu district. The folk knowledge believes that the host specific Drynaria quercifolia has considered as strong and effective medicine. This ferns collected from only specific tree species can be extracted for its medicinal value. Paper also deals with the tradition information on the preparation and consumption of folk medicine. Though the medicinal uses of Drynaria quercifolia has been described by many workers, the practice of traditional medicines significantly varies from region to region and also in the similar location of the same region. The survey was conducted in the Kodagu district of Karnataka to document the traditional medicinal usage of fern Drynaria quercifolia. To generate the information on traditional knowledge, frequent discussions and semi-structured interviews with folk healers viz., natividyas, knowledgeable individuals and forest tribes. Based on the results of the study it is found that this species is used for curing jaundice as folk medicine and the medicinal value of the fern which is extracted only from those individuals growing on specific host trees viz., Artocarpus hirsutus, Ficus mysorensis, F. benghalensis and Mangifera indica have found the effective results than the species growing on other trees. Study concluded that the host specific trees of Drynaria quercifolia are more effective in treating ailments.

Hilliardiellia aristata: Review of its Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 5563-5568
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Hilliardiellia aristata is a herbaceous plant species used as traditional medicine in southern Africa. The current investigation is aimed at reviewing the phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of H. aristata. Results of the current study are based on literature search on pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of H. aristata using information obtained from several internet sources such as Scopus, Elsevier, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, BMC and Web of Science. Other sources of information included pre-electronic sources such as journal articles, theses, book chapters, books and other scientific publications obtained from the University library. The current study showed that H. aristata is used as a protective charm, traditional medicine for kidney problems, fever, headache, respiratory infections and malaria. Ethnopharmacological research identified glaucolides, lactones, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids and steroids from the aerial parts and leaves of H. aristata. The aerial parts, leaves, roots and whole plant parts of H. aristata exhibited anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiplasmodial, antiprotozoal, larvicidal and cytotoxicity activities. Hilliardiella aristata should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies.

Ecological Distribution, Agricultural Trade Liberalization, and IN SITU Genetic Diversity

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Trade Liberalization ◽  
Agricultural Imports ◽  
World Food Security

Genetic diversity in crop plants is crucial for long-term world food security. This diversity is sustained in the field primarily by poor farmers in developing countries, who receive no compensation for providing this external benefit to humankind. When agricultural imports displace local production in centers of genetic diversity, this threatens both rural livelihoods and the continued provision of this external benefit. The North American Free Trade Agreement’s impact on Mexican maize farming illustrates the problem. The prospects for remedial policies are shaped by the distribution of the costs and benefits of action of inaction.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF MORINGA CONCANENSIS NIMMO LEAF: AN OVERVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
AMERENDRA SINGH ◽  
JAI NARAYAN MISHRA ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Scientific Facts

In the current years, the use of traditional medicine is increasing and gaining popularity. The extracts of Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaves have reported many medicinal uses. In the previous few decades, a massive quantity of scientific facts concerning plants, crude extracts, and quite a number supplies from plant life as medicinal dealers has come to light. M. concanensis is a plant whose components are oftentimes used in the medicinal treatments. There are good sized anecdotal facts about the organic undertaking of M. concanensis which includes anticancerous, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory type of activities. The leaves of M. concanensis had been located to contain a higher quantity of triterpenoids and flavonoids. The existing assessment includes the phytochemical, ethnopharmacological, and pharmacological reviews of M. concanensis. The future scope of the plant has been emphasized with a view to isolate bioactive moieties which should be used for multifarious biological activities.

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