scholarly journals Foliar Water Uptake in the Needles of Pinus Torreyana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Tianshi ◽  
Pao C Chau
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Low Clouds ◽  
Uptake Pattern ◽  
Foliar Water Uptake ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pinus Torreyana

Abstract In semi-arid climate systems that encounter low clouds or fog, many plants have adapted to capture atmospheric moisture on the foliar surface. The natural habitat of Pinus torreyana, the Torrey pine, is restricted to two locales in coastal Southern California that experience substantial fog and low clouds during the dry months of a Mediterranean climate. In this study, droplet contact angles were used to assess surface wettability, and droplet uptake was used to measure the foliar water uptake rate along a needle. We demonstrated that there are only remnants of epicuticular wax on the needle. The results showed that the needle surface of P. torreyana, including under the base sheath, is hydrophilic and capable of direct water uptake. There are small spatial gradients in the uptake pattern, but the variability is high and the statistical significance is not strong. However, the decrease in uptake at higher contact angles can be described by an ordinary linear regression (r2 = 0.45, p = 4 x 10-8). On average, the foliar uptake of the adaxial surface of a one-year-old needle is 2.88 ± 0.60 x 10-2 mg cm–2s–1. In comparison, the uptake rates by the adaxial surfaces of four local broadleaf plants are between 0.05 and 0.6 of that of P. torreyana.

Foliar water uptake via cork warts in mangroves of the Sonneratia genus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum Bryant ◽  
Tomas I. Fuenzalida ◽  
Alonso Zavafer ◽  
Hoa T. Nguyen ◽  
Nigel Brothers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Foliar Water Uptake

GAIT SPEED AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH AS PREDICTORS OF INCIDENT DISABILITY IN MEXICAN OLDER ADULTS

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
T. LOPEZ-TEROS ◽  
L.M. GUTIERREZ-ROBLEDO ◽  
M.U. PEREZ-ZEPEDA
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
One Year

Physical performance tests are associated with different adverse outcomes in older people. Theobjective of this study was to test the association between handgrip strength and gait speed with incidentdisability in community-dwelling, well-functioning, Mexican older adults (age ≥70 years). Incident disability wasdefined as the onset of any difficulty in basic or instrumental activities of daily living. Of a total of 133participants, 52.6% (n=70) experienced incident disability during one year of follow-up. Significant associationsof handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.93-0.99) and gait speed (OR0.27, 95%CI 0.07-0.99) with incident disability were reported. The inclusion of covariates in the models reducedthe statistical significance of the associations without substantially modifying the magnitude of them. Handgripstrength and gait speed are independently associated with incident disability in Mexican older adults.

scholarly journals Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 1- Parity of blood seeking Anopheles (Kerteszia) in South-Eastern Brazil

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Paulo Forattini ◽  
Iná Kakitani ◽  
Eduardo Massad ◽  
Almério de Castro Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Grading ◽  
One Year ◽  
Anopheles Cruzii ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Populations of Anopheles (Kerteszia) were sampled fortnightly over a one-year period (August 1991 to July 1992) at Ribeira Valley, S. Paulo State, Brazil. Indoor and outdoor collections were made on human bait at evening crepuscular period. The Polovodova technique for age grading was applied to 3,501 females of Anopheles cruzii and to 416 females of An. bellator. That sample represented 34.4% of the total number of mosquitoes collected. The most abundant species found was An. cruzii. However, An. bellator showed an endophagy that was almost three times greater than that of An. cruzii. The overall parous rate was 25.4% and uniparity was practically dominant one. A proportion of 26.9% of An. cruzii and 12.0% of An. bellator were found to be uniparous. Only three outdoor females of the former species (0.1%) showed biparity. Parity of An. cruzii was higher in females caught outdoors than in those caught indoors. Nevertheless, 497 nulliparous females examined (417 cruzii and 80 bellator) had ovaries that had advanced to Christophers and Mer stages III to V. These results imply that these females had already practised hematophagy. Relating these results to those from the parous females, a high statistical significance was found, leading to the conclusion that gonothophic discordance is a common pattern among these anophelines. Further, these results obtained with human bait catches strongly suggest that nearly 38.0% of these host-seeking females had already taken at least one previous blood-meal. So it is possible that enough time could thus be available for the plasmodian development in the vectors.

scholarly journals Composition of raw milk from conventional and organic dairy farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Kucevic ◽  
Snezana Trivunovic ◽  
Vladan Bogdanovic ◽  
Ksenija Cobanovic ◽  
Dobrila Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Possible differences between composition of raw milk due to dairy farming system (organic vs conventional) as well as seasonal variations were investigated. The samples were analysed during one year. A total of 6.782 samples of raw milk were collected (4.496 from organic farming). Dairy farms were located in the northern part of Republic of Serbia (Province of Vojvodina). The principle of analysis of raw milk samples was in accordance with the methodology by midinfrared spectrometry and flow cytometry. The fixed effect of system of farming and season (winter, spring, summer and fall) have shown a high statistical significance (P < 0.01) on all examined milk parameters except fat, total solids and somatic cell count, where the impact was slightly lower (P < 0.05). Significant difference wasn't found in number of bacterial colonies (P > 0.05). Composition of milk is also affected by a number of other factors, therefore it is recommended to involve factors such as nutrition of dairy cows, breed and farm management.

scholarly journals Serum Procalcitonin and C Reactive Protein in as early markers neonatal sepsis- A prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study

Neonatal sepsis is one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates in India compared to the developed countries. Aim: To evaluate the Procalcitonin level this is an early marker in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and to assess the suitability of this test in the diagnosis of early-onset sepsis. Method: The prospective study was conducted in the Neonatal Division of Department of Pediatrics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of one year. The blood samples from 100 babies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria constituted the material for study. Result: Among the n=100 cases n=39 were procalcitonin positive, compared with gestational age 10 (43.5%) cases were positive with a gestation of <37 weeks and 24 (31.2%) cases positive of cases >37 weeks and there was no statistical significance concerning gestational age the association of material characteristics with procalcitonin positive and CRP positive levels. Blood culture was positive in n=9 (9%) of babies with (90% CI, 5.3-14.9) and negative in n=91 (91%) of babies with (90% CI, 85.2-94.7). Conclusion: A positive blood culture is the only definitive and gold standard for confirming a case of sepsis. Since the culture and sensitivity test requires a minimum period of 48 hours which is a precious time in deciding on the treatment of sepsis in the newborn. Rapid diagnosis by using Procalcitonin and CRP gives a reasonable degree of accuracy in diagnosing neonatal sepsis and will also guide antibiotic therapy. Procalcitonin in comparison with CRP has better sensitivity and hence can detect most cases of neonatal sepsis and better negative predictive value.

scholarly journals Influence of Drought on Foliar Water Uptake Capacity of Temperate Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen D.M. Schreel ◽  
Jonas S. von der Crone ◽  
Ott Kangur ◽  
Kathy Steppe
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Foliar Water Uptake ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Tree

Foliar water uptake (FWU) has been investigated in an increasing number of species from a variety of areas but has remained largely understudied in deciduous, temperate tree species from non-foggy regions. As leaf wetting events frequently occur in temperate regions, FWU might be more important than previously thought and should be investigated. As climate change progresses, the number of drought events is expected to increase, basically resulting in a decreasing number of leaf wetting events, which might make FWU a seemingly less important mechanism. However, the impact of drought on FWU might not be that unidirectional because drought will also cause a more negative tree water potential, which is expected to result in more FWU. It yet remains unclear whether drought results in a general increase or decrease in the amount of water absorbed by leaves. The main objectives of this study are, therefore: (i) to assess FWU-capacity in nine widely distributed key tree species from temperate regions, and (ii) to investigate the effect of drought on FWU in these species. Based on measurements of leaf and soil water potential and FWU-capacity, the effect of drought on FWU in temperate tree species was assessed. Eight out of nine temperate tree species were able to absorb water via their leaves. The amount of water absorbed by leaves and the response of this plant trait to drought were species-dependent, with a general increase in the amount of water absorbed as leaf water potential decreased. This relationship was less pronounced when using soil water potential as an independent variable. We were able to classify species according to their response in FWU to drought at the leaf level, but this classification changed when using drought at the soil level, and was driven by iso- and anisohydric behavior. FWU hence occurred in several key tree species from temperate regions, be it with some variability, which potentially allows these species to partly reduce the effects of drought stress. We recommend including this mechanism in future research regarding plant–water relations and to investigate the impact of different pathways used for FWU.

Foliar Water Uptake in Trees: Negligible or Necessary?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen D.M. Schreel ◽  
Kathy Steppe
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Foliar Water Uptake

scholarly journals Guest or pest? Spatio-temporal occurrence and effects on soil and vegetation of the wild boar on Elba island

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Greco ◽  
Ettore Fedele ◽  
Marco Salvatori ◽  
Margherita Giampaoli Rustichelli ◽  
Flavia Mercuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Occupancy Probability ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Site Use ◽  
Temporal Occurrence ◽  
Elba Island ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
One Year

AbstractWhere allochthonous large mammals, such as the wild boars, occur in high density, human-wildlife conflicts may arise. Thus, assessing their spatio-temporal patterns is paramount to their management. We studied the wild boars on Elba island, Italy, where they have been introduced and are perceived as pests to address their occurrence and impact of foraging on natural habitat. We surveyed the western island with three camera trapping surveys within one year. We found that the species' estimated occupancy probability was higher in summer-autumn (0.75 ± 0.14) and winter-early spring (0.70 ± 0.10) than in spring–summer (0.53 ± 0.15), whereas detection probability did not vary. Occupancy was significantly associated with lower elevation and woodland cover. Lower site use of wild boars during spring–summer might reflect lower food availability in this season and/or boars’ movements towards landfarms outside the sampled area. Detectability increased with proximity to roads during spring–summer and decreased with humans’ relative abundance in other periods. Boars were mainly nocturnal, with decreasing overlap with human activity when human presence was higher in the park. Soil degradation caused by wild boars was higher in pine plantations, which is the cover with a lower conservation interest. The spatio-temporal activity of wild boars on the island appears driven by seasonal preferences for food-rich cover and avoidance of human disturbance. The lowered site use in months with lower resources could partially reflect increased proximity to settled and farmed areas, which may trigger crop-raiding and the negative perception by residents.

scholarly journals Foliar Water Uptake ofTamarix ramosissimafrom an Atmosphere of High Humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Hong-lang Xiao ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Mao-Xian Zhou ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Desert Plants ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Foliar Water Uptake

Many species have been found to be capable of foliar water uptake, but little research has focused on this in desert plants.Tamarix ramosissimawas investigated to determine whether its leaves can directly absorb water from high humidity atmosphere and, if they can, to understand the magnitude and importance of foliar water uptake. Various techniques were adopted to demonstrate foliar water uptake under submergence or high atmospheric humidity. The mean increase in leaf water content after submergence was 29.38% and 20.93% for mature and tender leaves, respectively. In the chamber experiment, obvious reverse sap flow occurred when relative humidity (RH) was persistently above 90%. Reverse flow was recorded first in twigs, then in branches and stems. For the stem, the percentage of negative sap flow rate accounting for the maximum value of sap flow reached 10.71%, and its amount accounted for 7.54% of diurnal sap flow. Small rainfall can not only compensate water loss of plant by foliar uptake, but also suppress transpiration. Foliar uptake can appear in the daytime under certain rainfall events. High atmospheric humidity is beneficial for enhancing the water status of plants. Foliar uptake should be an important strategy of water acquisition for desert plants.

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