scholarly journals Exploiting bacterial isolates for diesel degrading potential under in vitro conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Taskar ◽  
Sarika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Ftir Spectral Analysis ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract Hydrocarbon contaminated oil-spilled areas and oil-products have caused serious harm with increasing attention for development, implementation and removal of these contaminants. Bacterial diversity on succession at the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated environment can give answer the problem. Such lands have serious problems as totally barren or with rare plantation. Bacteria can thereby be exploited for the mitigation of hydrocarbon to enhance the nutrient availability for vegetation. Present study involves collection of soil samples heavily-contaminated with hydrocarbon from Bagru, Rajasthan. Samples were analysed by solid liquid extraction method followed by FTIR and HPLC analysis. During microbiological analysis hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were screened. FTIR spectral analysis indicated the presence of the functional groups alkanes and aromatic ringed compounds; 43–69% hydrocarbon content recorded by HPLC analysis of all the soil samples respectively. From the soil samples six gram-positive and four gram-negative bacterial isolates were explored possessing hydrocarbon degrading capacities in the range 47.04–87.31% and 10.12–95.24% respectively. Growth kinetic studies revealed the degradation upto 1000 ppm diesel in 3 days under in vitro conditions. These bacteria can further be exploited for diesel degradation and will certainly propose a possible solution to the prevailing issue for its biodegradation in ex situ conditions after upscaling.

scholarly journals Microbiological patterns of endophthalmitis in a tertiary level hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
Smita Shrestha ◽  
Anu Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Low Culture

Introduction: Endophthalmitis is a serious ocular infection that can result in blindness and therefore is a major ophthalmic concern. The study was conducted to find out the microbial etiology in clinically diagnosed cases of endophthalmitis and to determine the antibacterial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates in vitro. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out of all patients presenting between 15th January 2012 to 15th January 2013 with clinically diagnosed Endophthalmitis at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (TIO). Intraocular specimens (aqueous or vitreous fluids) were collected from 102 patients. Along with intraocular aspirates, blood and urine specimens, chest X-ray from endogenous endophthalmitis and corneal scrapes from corneal ulcer leading to endophthalmitis were also collected. The intraocular specimens were then subjected to microbiological evaluation. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates were determined for different ocular antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion test. Results: Samples from 102 patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis underwent microbiological analysis, of which culture positive 34(33.33%). Out of 34, 29 (85.29%) had bacterial growth and the remaining 5 (14.70%) had fungal growth. Most of them (40.8%) were secondary to cataract surgery(postoperative). A total of 29 bacterial culture reports, 72.41% were gram-positive and 27.58% were gram-negative. Streptococcus pneumoniae (37.93%) was the most frequently isolated organism. The antimicrobial sensitivity for isolates was as follows: Ofloxacin - 86.2%, Chloramphenicol - 82.75%,Cefazolin- 82.7%, Gentamicin - 75.8%, Ceftazidime - 58.6%, Amikacin - 55.17% and Vancomycin - 51.7%. Conclusion: The data highlights low culture positivity and a predominance of gram positive bacteria as the major causes of infectious endophthalmitis, usually following cataract surgery. The most common isolate was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ofloxacin and Chloramphenicol demonstrated greatest efficacy against these bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals Bacterial Analysis for Seminal Fluid befor In-vitro Fertilization Procedure

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
S. O. Noor ◽  
A. Albalawi ◽  
H. Abduljabbar ◽  
Ebtesam H. Alosaimi ◽  
Sabah M. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most advanced technique of assisted reproductive where the sperm reach the eggs for fertilization in a laboratory tube. Seminal fluid often contains bacterial contaminants that decrease the quality and quantity of seminal fluids. Aim: In this study we investigated the presence of bacteria in semen before IVF procedure. Methodology: All samples were identified according to the morphological, biochemical, molecular, and antimicrobial tests. Results: Microbial species were detected in 28% of semen samples, while 72% did not show any bacterial growth. The prevalent bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Catellicoccus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Conclusion: The use of microbiological analysis to identify resistant bacterial isolates is considered an effective method to reduce infertility in men by changing the contaminated semen.

scholarly journals Biological Treatment of Used Engine Oil by Single and Mixed Bacterial Cultures Isolated from Soil of Mechanic Workshops

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Amel Hussein ◽  
Saad Khudhair
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Used Engine Oil ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Spent Engine Oil ◽  
Consortium Culture

The accumulation of hydrocarbon waste, such as used engine oils in environments, has many impacts on humans and other organisms, therefore many researches were achieved to degrade or remove or consume these pollutants. The aim of the current study is to get a local bacterial isolates has high ability to degrade the spent engine oil as a single or mixed culture. Five soil samples contaminated with spent engine oil were collected from mechanic workshops in Baghdad city to isolate degrading bacteria using Bushnell Hans medium (BHM), pH 7 with 5% of used engine oil. While the growth patterns and gravimetric analysis was used to reveal the ability of these isolates to degrade spent engine oil in liquid BHM medium. The best three isolates A4, B6 and D5 were identified and the optimal temperature and pH for biodegradation of spending engine oil were studied. Also, the consortium culture of three isolates was tested their ability to utilize spent engine oil under the same conditions for single isolate. Twenty five bacterial isolates were obtained from contaminated soil samples and three isolates appeared a maximum degradation rate 74.6, 70.2 and 78.5% respectively. The results from identification tests were showing these isolates belong to Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. The studied three isolates gave the best degradation when incubated at 30°C in BHM medium pH 7. While other results were indicated that consortium cultures are more effective 90.2% than all experiments that used single isolate.

scholarly journals Screening and characterization of Phosphorus solubilizing Bacteria and their effect on Rice seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shahinur Rahman ◽  
Quazi Forhad Quadir ◽  
Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Moonmoon Nahar Asha ◽  
Md Abul Khair Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
P Content ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Plant Trial ◽  
Solubilizing Capacity

An experiment was carried out to isolate, screen and characterize bacteria collected from an industrially polluted site of Bhaluka under the Mymensingh district and to evaluate their phosphorus (P) solubilizing capacity. About ten plant and soil samples from six different spots were collected from the site. Thirty four bacterial isolates were screened and pure cultures of the different bacterial isolates were prepared. Among the bacterial isolates 25 were gram negative and 9 were gram positive. About 31 bacterial isolates had catalase producing capacity and remaining 3 were negative to catalase test. Bacterial isolates were grown on a NBRIP media to determine their phosphorus solubilizing capacity. About 25 bacterial isolates were shown P solubilizing capacity. Isolate SB8 gave the highest result about 11.42 PSI (phosphorus solubilizing index), whereas other bacterial isolates showed moderate P solubilizing capacity (PSI 1.75-6.35). A plant trial with selected isolates (SB8, SB15, SB25) were also done and SB8 achieved 10% higher P content in comparison with control which supports the in vitro P solubilization assays. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v1i1.22353 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.1(1): 27-35, Dec 2014

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Phenol and Monochlorophenols-Degrading Bacteria: Pseudomonas and Aeromonas Species

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Sadia Afrin Jame ◽  
AKM Rashidul Alam ◽  
M Khorshed Alam ◽  
ANM Fakhruddin
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
As Species ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Level Of Significance

The phenol and monochlorophenols-degrading bacteria were isolated from the soil samples adjacent to textile, pharmaceuticals, industries and automobile workshops. Twenty seven isolates were recovered including twelve phenol, four 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and eleven 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degrading organisms. Among them five isolates were chosen as potential monochlorophenol-degrader; four of them were identified as species of Pseudomonas and one as Aeromonas. The biodegradability of phenol and monochlorophenol followed the order: phenol > 4-chlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol. Pseudomonas sp. AP2, Pseudomonas sp. AP3, Pseudomonas sp. AP4 and Aeromonas sp. PP3 degraded 400 and 600 ppm phenol within 48 and 72 h, and Pseudomonas sp. A4-CP2 degraded 600 and 800 ppm phenol in 48 and 72 h respectively. Pseudomonas sp. A4-CP2 also degraded 200 ppm 2-chlorophenol within 96 h and 200 and 350 ppm 4-chlorophenol within 48 and 75 h respectively. Bacterial isolates grew well in liquid culture containing 600 ppm phenol, while the growth was scanty in the medium containing 400 or 800 ppm phenol, except for Pseudomonas sp. A4CP2. The isolate Pseudomonas sp. A4CP2 also grew on 2-CP and 4-CP at concentrations of 200 and 350 ppm respectively. The correlation coefficient (at 0.01 level of significance) between bacterial growth and degradation capability of the isolates AP2, AP3, AP4, A4CP2 and PP3 were -0.835**, -0.847**, -0.700**, -0.946** and -0.401 respectively.Keywords: Biodegradation; Phenol; 2-Chlorophenol; 4-Chlorophenol; Pseudomonas; AeromonasDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4854 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 41-44

Insulin secretion in the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Dose and time kinetic studies with glucose in vivo and in vitro

Diabetes ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1094-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rabinovitch ◽  
A. Gutzeit ◽  
A. E. Renold ◽  
E. Cerasi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Spiny Mouse ◽  
Acomys Cahirinus

Gastroretentive System of Fluvastatin Sodium by Using Natural Mucilage and Synthetic Polymer

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umamaheswara G. ◽  
Anudeep D.
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Diffusion Path ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Biological Half Life

Fluvastatin sodium is a novel compound used as cholesterol lowering agent which acts through the inhibition of 3- hydroxyl-3- methyl glutaryl- coenzyme A (HMG-Co A) reductase. It has short biological half life (1-3h) in humans required a dosing frequency of 20 to 40mg twice a day. Due to its short variable biological half life it has been developed to a sustained gastroretentive system with a natural and synthetic polymer and to study how far the natural mucilage improves the sustained activity. Floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method using in combination of natural mucilage and synthetic polymer. Prior to the preparation of tablets the physical mixtures were subjected to FT IR studies and pre compression parameters. After preparation of tablets they were subjected to various tests like swollen index, drug content, In vitro dissolution and release kinetics with pcp disso software etc. The tablets prepared by direct compression shown good in thickness, hardness and uniformity in drug content, the prepared tablets floated more than 12h except FS1 and FS2 shows 9 and 11h. Swollen index studies shows with increase in concentration of polymer the swelling increases the diffusion path length by which the drug molecule may have to travel and cause lag time. In vitro results shows that on increasing the amount of hibiscus polymer the sustain activity is increased because of its integrity and forms a thick swollen mass and reduces the erosion property of the HypromelloseK100M, kinetic studies shows that FS 1, FS2, FS3 followed the Korsmeyer peppas model and the rest FS 4, FS 5, FS6 follows the zero order respectively. Based on n value indicating that the drug release followed super case II transport mechanism due to the erosion of the polymer.

Formulation and Evaluation of Atenolol and Indapamide SR Matrix Tablets for Treatment of Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2450-2458
Author(s):  
Sarika Pundir ◽  
Ashutosh Badola
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Matrix Tablet ◽  
Release Agent ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Weight Variation

In the present study we have formulated (F1 to F6) matrix tablets of atenolol and indapamide for the management of hypertension. As in simultaneous estimation of these drugs it was found that a confined release can be formulated. In the formulation of SR matrix tablet by using different concentration of delayed release agent DCP and pregelatinized starch as disintegrant we prepared tablets by wet granulation method. For sustained release action HPMC polymers were used for film coating. Preformulation studies were performed prior to compression. The compressed SR matrix tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus type 2 (paddle). It was found that the optimized formulation showed 49.33%, 48.90%, 48.52%, 47.65%, 46.84% and 46.51% release for atenolol in 12 hours respectively. However, indapamide released 49.62%, 49.39%, 48.72%, 48.27%, 47.59% and 47.36% at the end of 12 hr. The IR spectrum study revealed that there is no disturbance in the principal peaks of pure drugs atenolol and indapamide. This confirms the integrity of pure drugs and no incompatibility of them with excipients. The stability studies were carried out for the optimized batch for one months and it showed satisfactory results. The kinetic studies of the formulations revealed that diffusion is the predominant mechanism of drug and release follows Zero-order, Super case II transport.

Biodegradation of organophosphorus Pollutants by Soil Bacteria: Biochemical Aspects and Unsolved Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
T.V. Shushkova ◽  
D.O. Epiktetov ◽  
S.V. Tarlachkov ◽  
I.T. Ermakova ◽  
A.A. Leontievskii
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Activity Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

The degradation of persistent organophosphorus pollutants have been studied in 6 soil bacterial isolates and in 3 bacterial strains adapted for utilization of glyphosate herbicide (GP) under laboratory conditions. Significant differences in the uptake of organophosphonates were found in taxonomically close strains possessing similar enzymatic pathways of catabolism of these compounds, which indicates the existence of unknown mechanisms of activity regulation of these enzymes. The effect of adaptation for GP utilization as a sole phosphorus source on assimilation rates of several other phosphonates was observed in studied bacteria. The newly found efficient stains provided up to 56% of GP decomposition after application to the soil in the laboratory. The unresolved problems of microbial GP metabolism and the trends for further research on the creation of reliable biologicals capable of decomposing organophosphonates in the environment are discussed. organophosphonates, glyphosate, biodegradation, bioremediation, C-P lyase, phosphonatase, degrading bacteria Investigation of phosphonatase and genome sequencing were supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant no. 18-074-00021.

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