scholarly journals Nematicidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Seaweeds Extracts Against Meloidogyne Incognita on Tomato Plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehab Y. Ghareeb ◽  
Nihal Galal El-Din Shams El-Din ◽  
Dina S. S. Ibrahim ◽  
Bandar S. Aljuaid ◽  
Ahmed M. Elshehawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Methylene Chloride Extract

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of two marine algae (Colpomenia sinuosa and Corallina mediterranea) extracts and their synthesized silver nanoparticles against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infecting tomato plant. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the obtained nanoparticles were aggregated in anisotropic Ag particles. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), results showed the particles size was less than 40 nm. Whenever, FT-IR analysis spectrum presented sharp absorbance between 440 and 4000 cm-1 for the obtained nanoparticles, with 13 distinct peaks ranged from 3915 − 474.Both of methylene chloride extract and its synthesized green silver nanoparticles were applied against the M. incognita. The results indicated that the synthesized silver nanoparticles of C. sinuosa exhibited the highest nematicidal activity. Besides, they reduced number of nematode galls, number of egg-masses per root and eggs/egg mass, as well as growth parameters of the treated plants with nanoparticles were enhanced comparing with the other treatments. While the methylene chloride extract of C. sinuosa exhibited higher activity than that of C. mediterranea, and the most effective eleuent of this solvent was Hexane: methylene chloride: ethyl acetate (1: 0.5: 0.5, v/v/v). The 3rd fraction of this eluent was the most effective one when it was applied on M. incognita, resulting in 87.5 % mortality after 12 h and 100 % after 24 and 72 h of exposure. The analysis of this fraction revealed the presence of seven bioactive constituents. Conclusively, the synthesized silver nanoparticles of C. sinuosa could be considered as alternative chemical nematicides.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Mei ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guohong Li
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and Meloidogyne incognita interaction in common bean

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Fernandes Carneiro ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Mônica Juliani Zavaglia Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

To verify a possible relationship between resistance to nematodes and to Fusarium oxysporum (Fop) in common bean, 18 lines (eight resistant and eight susceptible to Fop plus two controls) were evaluated for resistance to the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. This evaluation was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design with five replications. The plot consisted of one pot with two bean plants and a nematode-susceptible tomato plant. Two weeks after sowing, plants were infested in the rhizosphere with 5000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita, race 3. The number of egg masses was assessed, about 45 days after inoculation. Only lines ESAL 522, ESAL 519 and 'Aporé' were resistant to the nematode. Only 'Aporé' was resistant to both pathogens. The correlation between grades of Fop severity and mean egg mass was practically zero (r = 0.0252, P < 0.9293).

scholarly journals Nematicidal activity of a biopolymer chitosan at different molecular weights against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Khalil ◽  
M.E.I. Badawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Chitosan

The nematicidal activity of four molecular weights (2.27 &times; 10<sup>5</sup>, 3.60 &times; 10<sup>5</sup>, 5.97 &times; 10<sup>5</sup>, and 9.47 &times; 10<sup>5</sup> g/mol) of a biopolymer chitosan was assayed against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in vitro and in pot experiments. In laboratory assays, the nematode mortality was significantly influenced by exposure times and chitosan molecular weight. Low molecular weight chitosan (2.27 &times; 10<sup>5</sup> g/mol) was the most effective in killing the nematode with EC<sub>50</sub> of 283.47 and 124.90 mg/l after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. In a greenhouse bioassay, all the compounds mixed in soil at one- and five-fold concentrations of the LC<sub>50</sub> value significantly reduced population, egg mass, and root galling of tomato seedlings compared with the untreated control. In general, the nematicidal activity of these compounds was increased dramatically with a decrease in the molecular weight. The results suggest that the chitosan at low molecular weight may serve as a natural nematicide

scholarly journals Application of Bacillus species for controlling root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in eggplant

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Applied Dose

Abstract Background Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the important vegetable crops infected by Meloidogyne incognita all over the world, including Egypt. Chemical nematicides frequently cause environmental pollution and toxic hazards to human, plants, and animals; certain biocontrol agents that are environmentally friendly and safe to humans and animals were tested against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in eggplant. Objective This work is aimed to determine the nematicidal activity of Bacillus spp., viz., B. subtilis and B. pumilus, against M. incognita in three separated experiments to study their ability in controlling M. incognita and in improving the growth parameters of eggplants. Bacillus spp. were applied as single or in combination (experiment I), single treatment at different doses (experiment II), and different times (three times) of application (experiment III). Results The results of experiment I revealed that Bacillus sp. + B. subtilis significantly reduced the second-stage juvenile (J2) in soil and galls and egg masses in roots, while Bacillus sp. + B. pumilus significantly reduced J2 in roots. Bacillus spp. in pairs were more effective against M. incognita. In experiment II, Bacillus sp. (40 ml) significantly reduced the J2 in soil and galls and egg masses in roots, while B. pumilus (40 ml) significantly reduced the J2 in roots. The nematicidal activity of Bacillus spp. was increased by increasing the applied dose. In experiment III, B. subtilis, when applied three times, significantly reduced the J2 in soil and the J2 and galls in roots, while B. pumilus (applied three times) significantly reduced the egg masses in roots. All Bacillus spp. treatments highly increased the tested growth parameters compared to the controls. Conclusions The tested biocontrol agents used more than once or in combination are more effective than those used only once in controlling nematode parameters in eggplant under greenhouse conditions with a consequent increase in eggplant growth. These bacterial isolates need to be studied under different field conditions for confirmation.

scholarly journals Management of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita of eggplant using some growth-promoting rhizobacteria and chitosan under greenhouse conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama Samy Elkelany ◽  
Nehal Samy El-Mougy ◽  
Mokhtar Mohamed Abdel-Kader
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Background Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in Egypt. It is affected by a wide range of pests; prominent among them is root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne spp. which constitutes a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing great economic losses worldwide especially in Egypt. Main body The present investigation was performed under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the potentials of 3 growth-promoting bacteria, Azospirilum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Bacillus subtilis, as well as chitosan for the control of the nematode Meloidogyne incognita causes root-knot disease of eggplant cv. Baladi. All treatments reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the nematode population in soil and roots as well as enhanced the plant growth parameters of eggplant remarkably than the control. The applied treatments varied in their efficacy against the plant nematode infection in correspondence to the time of application. The recorded results demonstrated that maximum reduction in J2 in soil, egg mass/root, and eggs/egg masses were obtained by treating the soil with Bacillus subtilis followed by Azospirilum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum. Also, chitosan resulted in high reduction in root galls compared to control treatment. Conclusion The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Azospirilum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, and chitosan achieved efficient control to Meloidogyne incognita and consequently increase eggplant growth parameters under greenhouse conditions. The present results suggested introducing such rhizobacteria in integrated nematode management program.

scholarly journals Evaluation of various seed extracts for their nematicidal efficacies against root nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Rehman Nengroo ◽  
Zeshan Umer Shah ◽  
Adil Shafi Ganie ◽  
Mohammad Danish
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Bunium Persicum ◽  
Bioactive Substance ◽  
Seed Extracts

AbstractThe current study was assumed to identify the novel nematicidal activity of chloroform and methanol (50:50, v/v) seed extracts of eight medicinally important plants viz. Abrus precatorius Linn., Amaranthus virdis Linn., Bunium persicum Boiss., Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. Ex Griseb., Teraxacum officinale Weber., Malva neglecta Wall., Podophylum hexandrum Royle and Robina pseudoacacia Linn. using the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in in vitro and greenhouse experiments. At 72 h exposure, the extracts were found to be highly nematostatic, where nematodes were completely paralyzed at 12 and 48 h of exposure. However, dominant mortality was observed by T. officinale 93.67% and B. persicum 89.66% seed extracts at 72 h. In greenhouse method, extracts of T. officinale and B. persicum extracts were found to be most potent in reducing number of galls (1.76 and 2.37) and number of egg masses (0.06 and 2.18) respectively as compared to inoculated control. The root knot index of all extracts varied between 1–3 and egg mass index 0–3 as compared to control. This study suggested that seed extracts of these plants can be used for the management of M. incognita and could be used in replacement of synthetic nematicides upon further isolation and purification of bioactive substance responsible for nematicidal activity.

Synthesis and Characterization of Florfenicol-silver Nanocomposite and its Antibacterial Activity against some Gram Positive and Gram-negative Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
Silver Nanocomposite ◽  
Morphology Characterization

In this paper, easy, rapid and cheap synthetic method was described for florfenicol-silver nanocomposite by sonochemical method. Florfenicol-silver nanocomposite was characterized based on three classes namely index, identification and morphology class. Index characterization was carried out by zeta sizing, BET surface area and zeta potential. Identification characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometry. Morphology characterization was done utilizing transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Characterization results showed zeta sizing of florfenicol was 30.44nm, while florfenicol-silver nanocomposite was 33.5 nm with zeta potential -14.1 and -18, respectively. BET surface area was found to be 13.3, 73.2 and 103.69 m2/g for florfenicol, silver nanoparticles and florfenicol-silver nanocomposite respectively. XRD and Raman charts confirmed the formation of florfenicol-silver nanocomposite without any contamination. TEM, SEM and AFM spectral data illustrated spherical to sub spherical shape of silver nanoparticles on cubic to sheet shape of florfenicol with size less than 50 nm. Antimicrobial activity was screened where the average zone of inhibitions caused by the prepared nanocomposite were 28.3 mm, 24 mm, 27.3 mm and 24 mm compared to 17.7 mm, 16 mm, 18.7 mm and 13.3 mm of the native drug and 13 mm, 10 mm, 14.3 mm and 15 mm of the used positive reference standards against E. coli, Salmonella typhymurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staph.aureus MRSA respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bacillus sp. Strain with Bacterial Endophytes on Plant Growth and Colonization in Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Ahsanul Salehin ◽  
Ramesh Raj Puri ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman Hafiz ◽  
Kazuhito Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
F 33

Colonization of a biofertilizer Bacillus sp. OYK strain, which was isolated from a soil, was compared with three rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains to evaluate the colonization potential of the Bacillus sp. strains with a different origin. Surface-sterilized seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Chika) were sown in the sterilized vermiculite, and four Bacillus sp. strains were each inoculated onto the seed zone. After cultivation in a phytotron, plant growth parameters and populations of the inoculants in the root, shoot, and rhizosphere were determined. In addition, effects of co-inoculation and time interval inoculation of Bacillus sp. F-33 with the other endophytes were examined. All Bacillus sp. strains promoted plant growth except for Bacillus sp. RF-37, and populations of the rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains were 1.4–2.8 orders higher in the tomato plant than that of Bacillus sp. OYK. The plant growth promotion by Bacillus sp. F-33 was reduced by co-inoculation with the other endophytic strains: Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, Enterobacter sp. Sal 3, and Herbaspirillum sp. Sal 6., though the population of Bacillus sp. F-33 maintained or slightly decreased. When Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 was inoculated after Bacillus sp. F-33, the plant growth-promoting effects by Bacillus sp. F-33 were reduced without a reduction of its population, while when Bacillus sp. F-33 was inoculated after Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, the effects were increased in spite of the reduction of its population. Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 colonized dominantly under both conditions. The higher population of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. in the plant suggests the importance of the origin of the strains for their colonization. The plant growth promotion and colonization potentials were independently affected by the co-existing microorganisms.

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