Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.

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Evaluation of Multiple Impacts of Furfural Acetone on Nematodes In Vitro and Control Efficiency against Root-Knot Nematodes in Pots and Fields

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9090605 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 605

Author(s):

Wanli Cheng ◽

Xue Yang ◽

Li Zeng ◽

Dian Huang ◽

Minmin Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Root ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Disease Index ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Control Efficiency ◽

The Impact

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) seriously endanger agricultural development and cause great economic losses worldwide. Natural product furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising nematicide with strong attractant and nematicidal activities, but baseline information about the impact of FAc on the reproduction, egg hatching, feeding, and growth of nematodes and its pest control efficiency in field are lacking. Here, the inhibition effects of FAc on nematodes in vitro and its RKN control efficiency in pot and field were investigated. FAc inhibited the egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita by 91.7% at 200 mg/L after 2 days and suppressed the reproduction, feeding, and growth of Caenorhabditis elegans in vitro. In pot experiments, FAc in various dosages reduced the disease index of plant root significantly. In field experiments, FAc exhibited control effect on RKNs equivalent to commercial nematicides avermectin and metam sodium, with a reduction in disease index by 36.9% at a dose of 50 mg/plant. FAc also reduced the population density of RKNs in soil, with a reduction rate of 75.3% at the dose of 750 mg/m2. No adverse effect was detected on plant growth after FAc application. These results provide compelling evidence for development of FAc as an appropriate alternative for current nematicides.

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Nematicidal Constituents from the Essential Oil ofChenopodium AmbrosioidesAerial Parts

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/470862 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (s1) ◽

pp. S143-S148 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Chuan Qi Bai ◽

Zhi Long Liu ◽

Qi Zhi Liu

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽

Chinese Medicinal Herb ◽

Aerial Parts

Essential oil of Chinese medicinal herb,Chenopodium ambrosioidesaerial parts was found to possess nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematodes,Meloidogyne incognita. The essential oil ofC. ambrosioideswas obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 27 components of the essential oil were identified. The principal compounds inC. ambrosioidesessential oil were (Z)-ascaridole (27.27%),ρ-cymene (19.05%), isoascaridole (14.75%),α-pinene (6.33%) andα-terpinene (5.12%). Bioactivity-guided chromatographic separation of the essential oil on repeated silica gel columns led to isolate three volatile components ((Z)-ascaridole,ρ-cymene and isoascaridole) from the essential oil. The essential oil and (Z)-ascaridole exhibited strong nematicidal activity againstM. incognitawith LC50values of 49.55 μg/mL and 32.79 μg/mL, respectively.ρ-Cymene and isoascaridole also possessed nematicidal activity againstM. incognitawith LC50values of 435.89 μg/mL and 1323.51 μg/mL, respectively but weaker than the crude essential oil.

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Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal ◽

10.2478/hppj-2019-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 24-37

Author(s):

M.A. Radwan ◽

A.S.A. Saad ◽

H.A. Mesbah ◽

H.S. Ibrahim ◽

M.S. Khalil

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Root Length ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Egg Masses ◽

New Family

Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.

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Toxicity evaluation and chemical composition of Capsicum frutescens for natural control of Asian blue tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-021-00249-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vijay Kishore ◽

Neha Loach ◽

C. N. Srivastava ◽

Lalit Mohan

Keyword(s):

Methanol Extract ◽

Octadecenoic Acid ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Chemical Screening

Abstract Background Indiscriminate use of synthetic acaricides in the management of veterinary parasites has led to environmental pollution, acaricidal resistance and their residues in the animal products. These problems are directly demanded an alternative acaricidal source for the ticks control and that should be cost-effective, eco-friendly and target specific. The current study demonstrated the acaricidal effects of Capsicum frutescens (fruits) against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In adult immersion test, the effects of the treatment on engorged females were assessed by measuring egg mass production, estimated reproductive factor, and % inhibition of reproduction. Results Methanol extract was observed the most effective against adults with LC50 617.54 ppm and LC90 1040.41 ppm. The other target extracts (petroleum ether and hexane) were less effective to the engorged females of R. microplus. Chemical analysis of the potent extract was elucidated by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis and Cis-13-octadecenoic acid was observed as main compound (43.54%). The simultaneous evaluation of the qualitative chemical screening of the methanol extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Conclusion The study concludes that the methanol extract of C. frutescens fruits revealed the significant acaricidal properties and may be used as safe alternative for tick management.

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Reaction of weeds, found in vegetable production areas, to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 445-450

Author(s):

Jadir B Pinheiro ◽

Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽

Danielle Biscaia ◽

Amanda G Macedo ◽

Núbia Maria Correia

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Great Majority ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Weed Species ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Hyptis Suaveolens ◽

Race 1 ◽

Production Areas

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes cause great damage to vegetable crops in Brazil, besides having a large range of host plants, such as weeds. Weeds can maintain the inoculums or even favor the multiplication of these nematodes. In this study we evaluated the reaction of selected weed species, present in a vegetable production area, to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii. The trials were conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Fifteen weed species were evaluated for M. incognita race 1, and 16 weed species were evaluated for M. enterolobii. Two tomato cultivars were evaluated as resistance and susceptibility standards. Gall index (IG), egg mass index (IMO), number of eggs per gram of roots (eggs/g roots) and reproduction factor (FR) were evaluated. M. enterolobii survives and multiplies more easily in weeds collected in vegetable production areas than M. incognita race 1 and, the great majority of weed species evaluated in this study are hosts of both nematode species. Only the species Urena lobata, Sonchus oleraceus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Melampodium perfoliatum and Tagetes sp. were immune to M. incognita race 1. All evaluated species are either hosts or favor the multiplication of M. enterolobii. The species which are the most susceptible to M. incognita race 1, and therefore require greater control of crops infected by this nematode are Ipomoea nil, I. triloba and Eleusine indica, and for M. enterolobii are I. nil, Solanum americanum, Hyptis suaveolens, Portulaca oleracea, I. triloba and Euphorbia heterophylla.

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Nematicidal activity of a biopolymer chitosan at different molecular weights against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/46/2011-pps ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 170-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M.S. Khalil ◽

M.E.I. Badawy

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Low Molecular Weight Chitosan

The nematicidal activity of four molecular weights (2.27 × 105, 3.60 × 105, 5.97 × 105, and 9.47 × 105 g/mol) of a biopolymer chitosan was assayed against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in vitro and in pot experiments. In laboratory assays, the nematode mortality was significantly influenced by exposure times and chitosan molecular weight. Low molecular weight chitosan (2.27 × 105 g/mol) was the most effective in killing the nematode with EC50 of 283.47 and 124.90 mg/l after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. In a greenhouse bioassay, all the compounds mixed in soil at one- and five-fold concentrations of the LC50 value significantly reduced population, egg mass, and root galling of tomato seedlings compared with the untreated control. In general, the nematicidal activity of these compounds was increased dramatically with a decrease in the molecular weight. The results suggest that the chitosan at low molecular weight may serve as a natural nematicide

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Nematicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Rhododendron anthopogonoides Aerial Parts and its Constituent Compounds against Meloidogyne incognita

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2013-7-808 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (7-8) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peng Hua Bai ◽

Chun Qi Bai ◽

Qi Zhi Liu ◽

Shu Shan Du ◽

Zhi Long Liu

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Main Compound ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Total Oil ◽

Natural Nematicides

Hydrodistilled essential oil from Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim. (Ericaceae) aerial parts was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 42 compounds, accounting for 95.48% of the total oil, were identified. The main constituents of the essential oil were benzyl acetone (34.41%), nerolidol (10.19%), 1,4-cineole (8.41%), β-caryophyllene (5.63%), γ-elemene (5.10%), and spathulenol (3.06%). Four constituents were isolated from the essential oil based on fractionation. The essential oil of R. anthopogonoides possessed nematicidal activity against the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) with an LC50 value of 130.11 μg/ml. The main compound of the essential oil, benzyl acetone, exhibited nematicidal activity against M. incognita with an LC50 value of 74.17 μg/ ml while 1,4-cineole, nerolidol, and β-caryophyllene were not nematicidal at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. The essential oil of R. anthopogonoides and benzyl acetone show potential for their development as possible natural nematicides for the control of the root knot nematode

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Lignin-Modified Electronegative Epoxy Resin Nanocarriers Effectively Deliver Pesticides against Plant Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01736 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (47) ◽

pp. 13562-13572

Author(s):

Da-xia Zhang ◽

Guang Liu ◽

Tong-fang Jing ◽

Jian Luo ◽

Guang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Plant Root ◽

Root Knot Nematodes

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Screening the nematicidal potential of indigenous medicinal plant extracts against Meloidogyne incognita under lab. and greenhouse conditions

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00429-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hosny Kesba ◽

Abdullah Abdel-Rahman ◽

Samy Sayed ◽

Al-Sayed Al-Sayed

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Effective Control ◽

Prolonged Storage ◽

Management Options ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Soil Drench ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

Abstract Background The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causes a high damage and yield decrease for many economic plants. The need for non-systemic effective new approaches and environmentally friendly methods for controlling the nematodes has directed research to some new and safe agrochemicals found in medicinal plants as new viable management options. Results In laboratory experiments, solidago and periwinkle aqueous and ethanolic extracts achieved high J2 mortality (%) concerning different dilutions; however, aqueous extracts were more effective for mortality than ethanolic extracts. Also, there was a direct relationship between the nematicidal activity of these extracts with both concentration and time of application. Inhibition of egg hatching by Periwinkle extracts was higher than that of solidago. Moreover, the nematicidal activity of tested extracts against J2 decreased significantly with prolonged storage time at + 5 °C, while did not with stored frozen at – 5 °C for 12 months. Periwinkle and solidago extracts killed the non-target organisms, i.e., rotifers and free-living nematodes. Seventy-five and 90% of total phytochemicals recovered from periwinkle and solidago, respectively were nematostatic or nematicidal to nematode viability, egg hatch in vitro, and development and reproduction in vivo despite the method of application (foliar and soil drench). The antagonistic effects of solidago were more pronounced in soil drench than periwinkle concerning their concentrations and methods of application. Conclusion Solidago and periwinkle plant extracts showed important sources of effective control phytochemicals against M. incognita.

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Nematicidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Seaweeds Extracts Against Meloidogyne Incognita on Tomato Plant

10.21203/rs.3.rs-778325/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rehab Y. Ghareeb ◽

Nihal Galal El-Din Shams El-Din ◽

Dina S. S. Ibrahim ◽

Bandar S. Aljuaid ◽

Ahmed M. Elshehawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Tomato Plant ◽

Methylene Chloride ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Methylene Chloride Extract

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of two marine algae (Colpomenia sinuosa and Corallina mediterranea) extracts and their synthesized silver nanoparticles against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infecting tomato plant. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the obtained nanoparticles were aggregated in anisotropic Ag particles. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), results showed the particles size was less than 40 nm. Whenever, FT-IR analysis spectrum presented sharp absorbance between 440 and 4000 cm-1 for the obtained nanoparticles, with 13 distinct peaks ranged from 3915 − 474.Both of methylene chloride extract and its synthesized green silver nanoparticles were applied against the M. incognita. The results indicated that the synthesized silver nanoparticles of C. sinuosa exhibited the highest nematicidal activity. Besides, they reduced number of nematode galls, number of egg-masses per root and eggs/egg mass, as well as growth parameters of the treated plants with nanoparticles were enhanced comparing with the other treatments. While the methylene chloride extract of C. sinuosa exhibited higher activity than that of C. mediterranea, and the most effective eleuent of this solvent was Hexane: methylene chloride: ethyl acetate (1: 0.5: 0.5, v/v/v). The 3rd fraction of this eluent was the most effective one when it was applied on M. incognita, resulting in 87.5 % mortality after 12 h and 100 % after 24 and 72 h of exposure. The analysis of this fraction revealed the presence of seven bioactive constituents. Conclusively, the synthesized silver nanoparticles of C. sinuosa could be considered as alternative chemical nematicides.

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