Malaria Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Living in Areas With Persisting Transmission in Senegal: a Case Control Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
FASSIATOU OLUWATOSIN TAIROU ◽  
Abdoulaye Diallo ◽  
Ousmane Sy ◽  
Aminatou Kone ◽  
Isaac Akhenaton Manga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: In Senegal, malaria morbidity has shapely felt down over these past years. However, malaria epidemiology remains heterogeneous with persisting transmission in the southeastern part of the country and more important number of cases arising among older children and adolescents. Little is known about factors associated with clinical malaria among this group. A better understanding of malaria transmission among this new vulnerable group will guide future interventions targeting these key populations. This study aimed to identify factors associated with clinical malaria among adolescents in Senegal. Methods: A case control study was conducted from November to December 2020 in four health posts located in Saraya district. Cases were defined as adolescents (10-19 years) with uncomplicated malaria episode with fever (Temperature>37.5°) or history of fever and a positive malaria RDT. Controls were from the same age group, living in the neighborhood of the case, presenting a negative RDT. A standardized, pre-tested questionnaire was administered to each participant followed by home visit to assess participant’s living conditions. Factors associated with clinical malaria was assessed using a Stepwise Logistic regression analysis.Results: In total, 492 individuals were recruited (246 cases and 246 controls). In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with clinical malaria included non-use of bed net (aOR=2.65; 95% CI =1.58 - 4.45), non-use of other preventive measures (aOR=2.51; 95% CI=1.53 - 4.11) and indoor sleeping (aOR=3.22; 95%CI =1.66- 6.23). Protective factors included age of 15-19 years (aOR=0.38; 95% CI 0.23 - 0.62), absence of stagnant water around the house (aOR=0.27; 95% CI=0.16 - 0.44), having a female as head of household (aOR=0.47; 95% CI=0.25 - 0.90), occupation such as apprentice (OR=0.24; 95%CI=0.11 - 0.52).Conclusions: The study revealed that environmental factors and non-use of malaria preventive measures are the main determinant of malaria transmission among adolescents living in areas with persisting malaria transmission in Senegal. Strategies aiming at improving disease awareness and access to health care interventions such as LLIN are thus needed to improve malaria control and prevention among these vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Malaria outbreak investigation in a rural area south of Zimbabwe: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddington Tinashe Mundagowa ◽  
Pugie T. Chimberengwa
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Malaria Outbreak ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Ninety percent of the global annual malaria mortality cases emanate from the African region. About 80-90% of malaria transmissions in sub-Saharan Africa occur indoors during the night. In Zimbabwe, 79% of the population are at risk of contracting the disease. Although the country has made significant progress towards malaria elimination, isolated seasonal outbreaks persistently resurface. In 2017, Beitbridge District was experiencing a second malaria outbreak within twelve months prompting the need for investigating the outbreak.Methods An unmatched 1:1 case-control study was conducted to establish the risk factors associated with contracting malaria in Ward 6 of Beitbridge District from week 36 to week 44 of 2017. The sample size constituted of 75 randomly selected cases and 75 purposively selected controls. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and Epi Info version 7.2.1.0 was used to conduct descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses of the factors associated with contracting malaria.Results Fifty-two percent of the cases were females and the mean age of cases was 29±13 years. Cases were diagnosed using rapid diagnosed tests. Sleeping in a house with open eaves (OR: 2.97; 95%CI: 1.44-6.16; p<0.01), spending the evenings outdoors (OR: 2.24; 95%CI: 1.04-4.85; p=0.037) and sleeping in a poorly constructed house (OR: 4.33; 95%CI: 1.97-9.51; p<0.01) were significantly associated with contracting malaria while closing eaves was protective (OR:0.45; 95%CI: 0.20-1.02; p=0.055). After using backward stepwise logistic regression, sleeping in a poorly constructed house was associated with five-fold odds of getting sick from malaria (AOR: 8.40 ; 95%CI: 1.69-41.66; p=0.009). Those who had mosquito nets did not use them consistently. The district health team and the rural health center were well prepared to response despite having limited human resources.Conclusion Health promotion messages should emphasize the importance of closing the entry points of the malaria vector, and the construction of better houses in the future. Residents had to be educated in the importance of consistent use of mosquito nets. The district had to improve malaria preventive measures like distribution of mosquito nets and lobby for more human resources to assist with malaria surveillance thus, curbing the recurrence of malaria outbreaks.

scholarly journals Poor housing construction is associated with contracting malaria in a rural area south of Zimbabwe: A Case-control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddington Tinashe Mundagowa ◽  
Pugie T. Chimberengwa
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Rural Health Center ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Ninety percent of the global annual malaria mortality cases emanate from the African region. About 80-90% of malaria transmissions in sub-Saharan Africa occur indoors during the night. In Zimbabwe, 79% of the population are at risk of contracting the disease. Although the country has made significant progress towards malaria elimination, isolated seasonal outbreaks persistently resurface. In 2017, Beitbridge District was experiencing a second malaria outbreak within twelve months prompting the need for investigating the outbreak. Methods An unmatched 1:1 case-control study was conducted to establish the risk factors associated with contracting malaria in Ward 6 of Beitbridge District from week 36 to week 44 of 2017. The sample size constituted of 75 randomly selected cases and 75 purposively selected controls. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and Epi Info version 7 was used to conduct descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses of the factors associated with contracting malaria. Results Fifty-two percent of the cases were females and the mean age of cases was 29±13 years. Cases were diagnosed using rapid diagnosed tests. Sleeping in a house with open eaves (OR: 2.97; 95%CI: 1.44-6.16; p<0.01), spending the evenings outdoors (OR: 2.24; 95%CI: 1.04-4.85; p=0.037) and sleeping in a poorly constructed house (OR: 4.33; 95%CI: 1.97-9.51; p<0.01) were significantly associated with contracting malaria while closing eaves was protective (OR:0.45; 95%CI: 0.20-1.02; p=0.055). After using backward stepwise logistic regression, sleeping in a poorly constructed house was still associated with getting sick from malaria (AOR: 5.88; 95%CI: 1.11-31.30; p=0.038). Those who had mosquito nets did not use them consistently. The district health team and the rural health center were well prepared for an outbreak response despite having limited human resources. Conclusion Health promotion messages should emphasize the importance of closing the entry points of the malaria vector, and the construction of better houses in the future. Residents had to be educated in the importance of consistent use of mosquito nets. The district had to improve malaria preventive measures like distribution of mosquito nets and lobby for more human resources to assist with malaria surveillance thus, curbing the recurrence of malaria outbreaks.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Exertional Heat Related Illness in Recruits of Nepal Army during Training Period: A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Bikal Shrestha ◽  
Naveen Phuyal ◽  
Lee Budhathoki ◽  
Chiranjibi Pant ◽  
Raj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Prevention is an important strategy to reduce the incidence of Exertional heat-related illnesses (EHRI) during training. It comprises a group of symptoms that occur in response to heat accumulation in the body caused by exercise or work in a hot and humid environment for a long period of time until the body is unable to regulate its temperature. The aim of the study is to find out associated risk factors and factors contributing EHRI especially in recruits of Nepal Army. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in  recruit training center of Nepal army from June to September of 2017 using a Semi- structured questionnaire after taking ethical approval from IRB. All EHRI cases were included during data collection. The risk factors were analyzed with controls from the same center. 36 cases and 84 controls were taken. We computed the odd ratio (OR), corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), Chi-Square test and Binary Logistic Regression test with SPSS version 20 software. Results: 85% were wearing army uniform with camouflage vest during the exertional phase of training which was identified as noticeable risk factor with odd ratio (OR) of 13.26 with 95% CI: 5.05 – 34.84 in comparisons to controls. Fear from instructors and seniors in following rules were the protective factors for EHRI (P<0.05). Conclusions: Wearing camouflouge vests and previous history of EHRI were significant risk factors associated with EHRI during training period. Proper clothing protocol and identifying vulnerable groups by the commanders and trainees may prevent EHRI in future.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

scholarly journals Effects of sagging breasts and other risk factors associated with mastalgia: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Çomçalı ◽  
Servet Kocaoz ◽  
Buket Altun Özdemir ◽  
Ömer Parlak ◽  
Birol Korukluoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare patients with and without mastalgia and to analyze the factors affecting mastalgia and its severity. The patient’s age, height, weight, educational status, marital status, and occupation were recorded in all subjects. In addition, the women were asked about the presence of any risk factors for mastalgia, such as tea and coffee consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight gain. The sternal notch to nipple distance (SNND) was measured to determine whether there was breast sagging. Mastalgia was significantly more common in women with BMIs of > 30 kg/m2 (OR: 2.94, CI 1.65–5.24), those who were primary school graduates or illiterate (OR: 2.96, CI 1.6–5.46), and those with SNND values of 22–25 cm (OR: 2.94, CI 1.79–4.82). In these women, drinking more than 6 cups of tea a day (OR: 2.15, CI 1.32–3.5), smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day (OR: 2.94, CI 1.78–4.83), and drinking alcohol at least once a week (OR: 2.1, CI 1.12–3.91) were found to be important factors that increased the risk of mastalgia. As a result, it has been found that severe mastalgia complaints cause by obesity, sagging breasts, never giving birth, unemployment anxiety, regular smoking, alcohol use, and excessive tea consumption.

scholarly journals Factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Bhutan: A nationwide case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0236250
Author(s):  
Chador Tenzin ◽  
Natkamol Chansatitporn ◽  
Tashi Dendup ◽  
Tandin Dorji ◽  
Karma Lhazeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Control Study
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