scholarly journals CompoNet: Toward Incorporating Human Perspective in Automatic Music Generation Using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyyedPooya HekmatiAthar ◽  
Mohd Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Music Generation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Automatic Music Generation

Abstract The art nature of music makes it difficult, if not impossible, to extract solid rules from composed pieces and express them mathematically. This has led to the lack of utilization of music expert knowledge in the AI literature for automation of music composition. In this study, we employ intervals, which are the building blocks of music, to represent musical data closer to human composers’ perspectives. Based on intervals, we developed and trained OrchNet which translates musical data into and from numerical vector representation. Another model called CompoNet is developed and trained to generate music. Using intervals and a novel monitor-and-inject mechanism, we address the two main limitations of the literature: lack of orchestration and lack of long-term memory. The music generated by CompoNet is evaluated by Turing Test: whether human judges can tell the difference between the music pieces composed by humans versus. generated by our system. The Turing test results were compared using Mann-Whitney U Test, and there was no statistically significant difference between human-composed music versus what our system has generated.

Effect of Probiotic Yogurt and Xylitol-Containing Chewing Gums on Salivary S Mutans Count

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Ghasemi ◽  
Romina Mazaheri ◽  
Arezoo Tahmourespour
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Probiotic Yogurt ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Chewing Gums ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Difference Test

Background and Aims: In addition to improving gastrointestinal health and intestinal microflora, probiotic bacteria have been recently suggested to decrease cariogenic agents in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt and xylitol-containing chewing gums on reducing salivary Streptococcus mutans levels. Study design: This randomized clinical trial recruited 50 female students with over 105 colony forming units S. mutans per milliliter of their saliva. The participants were randomly allocated to two equal groups to receive either probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 andBifidobacteriumbifidum ATCC 29521 (200 g daily) or xylitol-containing chewing gums (two gums three times daily after each meal; total xylitol content: 5.58 g daily) for three weeks. At baseline and one day, two weeks, and four weeks after the interventions, saliva samples were cultured on mitis-salivarius-bacitracin agar and salivary S. mutans counts were determined. Data were analyzed with independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and Fisher's least significant difference test. Results: In both groups, S. mutans counts on the first day, second week, and fourth weeks after the intervention were significantly lower than baseline values (P < 0.05). The greatest level of reduction in both groups was observed in the second week after the intervention. Moreover, although the reduction was greater in probiotic yogurt consumers, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Probiotic yogurt and xylitol-containing chewing gums seem to be as effective in reduction of salivary S. mutans levels. Their constant long-term consumption is thus recommended to prevent caries.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SEDIAAN SALEP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BASIS PEG 4000 dan PEG 400

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tri Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ointment Formulation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRAK Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) memiliki kandungan tanin dan flavonoid. Kandungan Flavonoid dan Tanin yang terdapat dalam belimbing wuluh mampu memberikan efek untuk menyembuhkan kulit yang mengalami kerusakan jaringan sel akibat luka bakar. Ada beberapa cara untuk pemanfaatan Daun Belimbing Wuluh antara lain dengan dibuat dalam sediaan salep. Pada penelitian ini salep dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh sebesar 10%, 15%, dan 20%  mengguankan basis PEG 4000 dan PEG 400. Ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh diperoleh menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 70% sebagai pelarutnya. Salep yang sudah dibuat kemudian dilakukan uji karakteristik meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, daya lekat dan uji daya sebar. Hasil uji organoleptis dan homogenitas di analisa secara deskrisptif kemudian hasil uji daya lekat dan uji daya sebar di analisa dengan menggunakan analisa statistik one-way ANOVA.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa salep berbentuk semipadat dengan warna hijau muda sampai hijau kehitaman. Hasil uji homogenitas di dapatkan untuk ketiga formula adalah homogen. Nilai daya sebar pada ketiga formula menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan, pada hasil uji daya lekat dan pH didapatkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap ketiga formulasi. Dengan demikian perbedaan konsentrasi zat aktif yang digunakan berpengaruh terhadap daya sebar sediaan salep ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh. Kata kunci: Averrhoa bilimbi L; Salep; PEG   ABSTRACT Carambola leaf Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) contains tannins and flavonoids. The content of flavonoids and tannins contained in starfruit able to give effect to heal skin damaged cell tissue from burns. There were several ways for  utilization  of  Averrhoa  bilimbi  L.  among  others,  made  some  preparations, especially ointment formulation. This study aims to formulate leaf extract ointment preparation starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L) with various concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% using the PEG 4000 and PEG 400 as a base. Leaf extract obtained from meserasi leaf Averrhoa bilimbi  L  with  70%  ethanol. The ointment that has been made is then subjected to characteristic tests including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, adhesion and spreadability tests. The results of the organoleptic test and homogeneity were analyzed descriptively, then the results of the adhesion test and the spreadability test were analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical analysis. The results showed that the ointment was semisolid, light green to blackish green. The homogeneity test results obtained for the three formulas are homogeneous. The value of the spreadability of the three formulas showed a significant difference, the results of the adhesion and pH test showed no significant difference between the three formulations. Thus the difference in the concentration of the active substance used affects the spreadability of the starfruit leaf extract ointment. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi L; ointment; PEG

scholarly journals Assessment of Educational Game Materials and Poster Practices with Rubrics by Expert Educators and Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Figen Altay ◽  
Kevser Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scoring Rubrics ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poster Presentations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between evaluations of the educational game materials and poster practices by students’ own peers and by expert educators using the rubrics created by expert educators and students together. Study included 10 students and 3 educators attended educational game materials course. Students were informed about basic skills of movement, game, game types, game equipment, analytical rubric, and educational game lectures were given to the students for 6 weeks and 80 minutes each week. 12-question knowledge test was used regarding educational games, analytical scoring rubrics, developing game materials and preparing posters. Materials and posters presented in the course were recorded. Evaluation scales were selected by students and expert teachers. Selected peers and educators evaluated 25 videos. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used for the reliability and repeatability measurements of the students and teachers. R values of 0.96-0.92 were found between students and 0.78-0.86 between educators. For knowledge tests of the groups, according to Wilcoxon paired two-sample test, there was a significant difference in test results (p<.05). The t test was used in the results of the student and educator video evaluations and there was no significant difference between the scores given by the expert educators and the students to the material and poster presentations (p>.05). In conclusion, this study showed that students could make evaluations as good as expert educators when given an answer key such as a scoring rubric that will help them in the evaluation.

scholarly journals Sleeve Gastrectomy vs. Fundus Resection in Bariatric Surgery (Animal Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimohammad Bananzadeh ◽  
Seyed Vahid Hosseini ◽  
Hajar Khazraei ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Lashkarizadeh ◽  
Leila Ghahramani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

Background: Bariatric surgery has resulted in body weight loss, which claimed by surgery removal specific parts of the stomach with enzyme or sleeve gastrectomy. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine weight loss and endocrine changes by 12-week fundus resection and sleeve gastrectomy in rabbits. Methods: Twenty-one rabbits, weighing 2.5 - 3.5 kg, were divided into three groups (n = 7): sleeve gastrectomy, experimental fundus resection, and sham group. The weight of rabbits and total ghrelin and leptin levels in the plasma before and after surgery were measured in 12 weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Walis test for comparison of the means between the groups, and the difference after months in one group was assayed by Friedman test. Results: The results showed sleeve gastrectomy had a significant weight loss after one month when compared to fundus resection and sham-operated controls (P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in the ghrelin levels after these surgeries, but leptin levels decreased significantly after the fundectomy (P = 0.025). Conclusions: Sleeve gastrectomy is more efficient than the fundus resection in weight loss. It could be suggested as a new option in metabolic disorders due to the high level of leptin.

scholarly journals Wear Comparison of a Plain Toothbrush versus Eleven Commercial Toothbrushes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Fansiwala BS
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manual Toothbrush ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subjective Rating Scale ◽  
Wear Index

Objective: To compare the wear of the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain Toothbrush 47 tuft (flat bristles) versus eleven manual toothbrushes. Methods: Twelve brand-new manual toothbrushes (n = 35 in each group) were used for comparison. Each toothbrush was run on a toothbrushing simulator with a brushing force of 2N for approximately 2 hours to simulate 1 month of toothbrushing (9,333 strokes @ 45° lingual of posterior teeth, 9,333 strokes on the top surface, and 9,333 strokes @ 45° buccal of posterior teeth), using the Bass technique on a quadrant typodont. Wear was measured by wear index and wear rating. The Wear index measures the degree of bristle splaying whereby the bristles spread apart and take on a permanent curvature. Wear rating is a subjective rating scale consisting of a series of four numbers increasing from zero to three. The Olympus SZX16 microscope was used to measure the wear rating then was inputted into a formula and averaged. The subjective wear seen as bristle splay/ curling was also measured and recorded. Comparison of the wear index and wear rating between each manual toothbrush was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Wear index and wear rating for all toothbrushes ranged from 0.03 to 0.34 and from 0.57 to 2.06, respectively. There was a significant difference in the wear index between each toothbrush and the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain toothbrush. The difference in the wear rating was significant between the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain toothbrush and all other toothbrushes other than the Reach Advanced Design Soft toothbrush. Conclusion: The Sound Feelings SOFT Plain Toothbrush had the lowest wear rating and index among all the manual toothbrushes tested.

scholarly journals Estimating the Ice Crystal Enhancement Factor in the Tropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1424-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiping Zeng ◽  
Wei-Kuo Tao ◽  
Toshihisa Matsui ◽  
Shaocheng Xie ◽  
Stephen Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Cloud Condition

Abstract The ice crystal enhancement (IE) factor, defined as the ratio of the ice crystal to ice nuclei (IN) number concentrations for any particular cloud condition, is needed to quantify the contribution of changes in IN to global warming. However, the ensemble characteristics of IE are still unclear. In this paper, a representation of the IE factor is incorporated into a three-ice-category microphysical scheme for use in long-term cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations. Model results are compared with remote sensing observations, which suggest that, absent a physically based consideration of how IE comes about, the IE factor in tropical clouds is about 103 times larger than that in midlatitudinal ones. This significant difference in IE between the tropics and middle latitudes is consistent with the observation of stronger entrainment and detrainment in the tropics. In addition, the difference also suggests that cloud microphysical parameterizations depend on spatial resolution (or subgrid turbulence parameterizations within CRMs).

Movement Retrieval from Long-Term Memory: Physical versus Mental Rehearsal

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Puretz
Keyword(s):  
Original Learning ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Mental Rehearsal ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Covert Rehearsal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rehearsal Strategies ◽  
Dance Movements

Despite references in the psychomotor literature regarding the use of rehearsal strategies in recovering movements from longer term memory, no significant difference between physical (overt) and mental (covert) rehearsal strategies for retrieving a complex dance movement over 30 min., 2 days, and 1 wk. were observed for 72 college women in beginning dance classes. Further, no rehearsal was as effective as either physical or mental rehearsal for retrieving dance movements for up to 1 wk. after original learning by these inexperienced dancers. The findings raise the possibility that other forms of retrieval than those already proposed are used to recover complex dance movements from longer term memory.

scholarly journals Impact of Fluoroquinolone Exposure Prior to Tuberculosis Diagnosis on Clinical Outcomes in Immunocompromised Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4005-4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Young Lee ◽  
Hyun Jung Lee ◽  
Yong Kyun Kim ◽  
Shinae Yu ◽  
Jiwon Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTThere have been concerns about an association of fluoroquinolone (FQ) use prior to tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis with adverse outcomes. However, FQ use might prevent clinical deterioration in missed TB patients, especially in those who are immunocompromised, until they receive definitive anti-TB treatment. All adult immunocompromised patients with smear-negative and culture-positive TB at a tertiary care hospital in Korea over a 2-year period were included in this study. Long-term FQ (≥7 days) use was defined as exposure to FQ for at least 7 days prior to TB diagnosis. A total of 194 patients were identified: 33 (17%) in the long-term FQ group and 161 (83%) in the comparator, including a short-term FQ group (n= 23), non-FQ group (n= 78), and a group receiving no antibiotics (n= 60). Patients in the long-term FQ group presented with atypical chest radiologic pattern more frequently than those in the comparator (77% [24/31] versus 46% [63/138];P= 0.001). The median time from mycobacterial test to positive mycobacterial culture appeared to be longer in the long-term FQ group (8.1 weeks versus 7.7 weeks;P= 0.09), although the difference was not statistically significant. Patients in the long-term FQ group were less likely to receive empirical anti-TB treatment (55% versus 74%;P= 0.03). The median time from mycobacterial test to anti-TB therapy was longer in the long-term FQ group (4.6 weeks versus 2.2 weeks;P< 0.001), but there was no significant difference in FQ resistance (0% versus 3%;P> 0.99) or in the 30-day (6% versus 6%;P> 0.99) or 90-day (12% versus 12%;P> 0.99) mortality rate between the two groups. FQ exposure (≥7 days) prior to TB diagnosis in immunocompromised patients appears not to be associated with adverse outcomes.

Critical Bandwidth and Sensitivity Prediction in the Acoustic Stapedial Reflex

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Schwartz ◽  
Jay W. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Severe Hearing Loss ◽  
Critical Bandwidth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stapedial Reflex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Critical bandwidth measurements and sensitivity prediction from the acoustic reflex (SPAR) test results were obtained on 20 normal-hearing and two groups of 10 hearing-impaired subjects each representing mild-to-moderate and severe hearing loss. Results of critical bandwidth measurements indicated that for center frequencies of 1000 and 2000 Hz the critical bandwidth was significantly greater for the hearing-impaired subjects. A statistical analysis of the difference in critical bandwidth between those predicted by the SPAR test to have a mild-to-moderate hearing loss and those subjects for whom the test predicted severe hearing loss indicated no differences in critical bandwidth at 2000 Hz. A significant difference was found at 1000 Hz but in the wrong direction. Analysis of the relationship between predicted slope of hearing loss and critical bandwidth also failed to show significance. Although the data for hearing-impaired subjects fail to support the rationale for the SPAR test, the results for the entire research sample offer substantial support. Further, the ability of the test to predict categorically degree of hearing loss was also strongly supported.

scholarly journals Salbutamol nebulization for management of transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN).

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Fatima Maroof ◽  
Tehmina Maqbool ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Beenish Bashir Mughal ◽  
Ayesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nebulized Salbutamol ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trial Setting

Objective: To compare the mean change in respiratory rate with salbutamol nebulization versus placebo for treatment of transient tacyopnea of newborn. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Federal Government Polyclinic (PGMI), Islamabad. Period: 8th August 2017 to 7th February 2018. Material & Methods: 100 neonates fulfilling selection criteria were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was obtained from parents. Demographic information was also noted. All baseline respiratory rate were noted. Neonates were divided into two groups by lottery method. Neonates in Treatment group were nebulized with Salbutamol. Placebo group was nebulized with Normal Saline. Then neonates were followed-up in N.I.C.U after 4 hours of second nebulization. After 4 hours, respiratory rates were assessed and change in respiratory rate was noted. Both groups were compared for mean reduction in respiratory rate by using independent sample t-test. Results: In nebulized salbutamol, group, mean respiratory rate was changed from 79.62±8.18bpm to 52.06±4.96bpm. This was a significant decrease (p<0.05). In placebo group, mean respiratory rate was changed from 81.88±8.86bpm to 62.50±6.75bpm. This was significant decrease (p<0.05). The difference between both groups at baseline was insignificant while after 4 hours was significant. The mean changed in respiratory rate with nebulized salbutamol was 27.56±6.83bpm while with placebo was 19.35±9.83bpm. There was significant difference in mean reduction in respiratory rate (p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been proved that nebulized salbutamol can be helpful in reducing respiratory rate significantly in neonates with TTN as compared to placebo.

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