scholarly journals Effect of Retained Placenta And Clinical Mastitis On Reproduction Parameters, Immune Response And Steroidogenic Receptors Gene Expression In Postpartum Crossbred Crossbreed Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oglênia Ramos ◽  
Amanda Rezende ◽  
Paula Alvarenga ◽  
Carla Campos ◽  
Estevão Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Gynecological Examination ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retained placenta (RP) and clinical mastitis (CM) on the reproductive efficiency of crossbred dairy cows during the postpartum period and to investigate the effect of them in some innate immune system indicators. For this, in the first experiment a total of 232 crossbred dairy cows were evaluated and divided into three groups as: healthy control, RP and CM. The incidence of RP and CM was evaluated after parturition until 30 days postpartum (DPP) and reproductive rates were measured. In experiment 2, 30 crossbred dairy cows were divided into three groups as in Experiment 1. Between 40 and 50 DPP, clinical, gynecological examination and endometrial cytobrush were performed to evaluate subclinical endometritis and gene expression of interleukin- 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine ligand -5 (CCL5), estrogen α (ESR1) and progesterone (PGR) receptors by qRT-PCR analysis. In Experiment 1, the conception rate at 1st AI was lower in RP and CM groups and pregnancy rate at 150 days decreased in cows with CM. Calving-to-1st AI interval and days open were shorter in healthy cows. In Experiment 2 the occurrence of subclinical endometritis was 26.7% and was higher in cows with RP and CM. The expression of IL-1β was increased in RP and CM groups, while IL-6 was less expressed in RP group. The chemokine CCL5, ESR1 and PGR were similar between groups. In conclusion, cows with RP and CM had their reproductive efficiency negatively affected and had they initial pro-inflammatory response improved by the increase of IL-β, while, IL-6 was lower in animals with RP probably because it was evaluated later in the postpartum.

scholarly journals Associations between Circulating IGF-1 Concentrations, Disease Status and the Leukocyte Transcriptome in Early Lactation Dairy Cows

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-177
Author(s):  
D. Claire Wathes ◽  
Frank Becker ◽  
Laura Buggiotti ◽  
Mark A. Crowe ◽  
Conrad Ferris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Early Lactation

Peripartum dairy cows commonly experience negative energy balance (EB) and immunosuppression together with high incidences of infectious and metabolic disease. This study investigated mechanisms linking EB status with immune defense in early lactation. Data were collected from multiparous Holstein cows from six herds and leukocyte transcriptomes were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Global gene expression was related to circulating IGF-1 (as a biomarker for EB) by subdividing animals into three groups, defined as IGF-1 LOW (<35 ng/mL, n = 35), MODERATE (35–100 ng/mL, n = 92) or HIGH (>100 ng/mL, n = 43) at 14 ± 4 days in milk (DIM). Differentially expressed genes between groups were identified using CLC Genomics Workbench V21, followed by cluster and KEGG pathway analysis, focusing on the comparison between LOW and HIGH IGF-1 cows. LOW cows were older and had significantly lower dry matter intakes and EB values, whereas HIGH cows produced more milk. During the first 35 DIM, 63% of LOW cows had more than one health problem vs. 26% HIGH cows, including more with clinical mastitis and uterine infections. Gene expression analysis indicated that leukocytes in LOW cows switched energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis (PGM, LDH, and PDK4). Many antimicrobial peptides were up-regulated in LOW cows (e.g., PTX3, DMBT1, S100A8, and S100A9) together with genes associated with inflammation, platelet activation and the complement cascade. HIGH cows had greater expression of genes regulating T and B cell function and the cytoskeleton. Overall, results suggested an ongoing cycle of poor EB and higher infection rates in LOW IGF-1 cows which was reflected in altered leukocyte functionality and reduced milk production.

0122 Retained placenta and subclinical endometritis: Prevalence and relation with reproductive performance in crossbred dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
R. R. Buso ◽  
C. C. Campos ◽  
T. R. Santos ◽  
J. P. E. Saut ◽  
R. M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

Effects of clinical mastitis and puerperal diseases on reproductive efficiency of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 3061-3068
Author(s):  
Carla Cristian Campos ◽  
Francisco Luiz do Prado ◽  
João Paulo Justo dos Reis ◽  
Luisa Cunha Carneiro ◽  
Paula Regina Basso Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency

105 RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES: INCIDENCE AND EFFECT ON MILK PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN DAIRY COWS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sartori ◽  
G. C. S. Pontes ◽  
P. L. J. Monteiro ◽  
A. B. Nascimento ◽  
L. F. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Tropics

The objectives were to describe the incidence of retained fetal membrane (RFM) and its effect on production and reproduction of dairy cows in tropical environments. Holstein and crossbred Holstein × Gyr cows and heifers calving between May 2012 and May 2013 from 4 dairy farms were enrolled in this study. Retained fetal membranes were defined as the non-expelling of placenta within 12 to 24 h after calving. All cows with RFM were treated with 10 mg kg–1 of oxitetracycline IV and drenching containing 100 g of CaCl2, 100 g of KCl, 200 g of Mg(SO4), and 350 mL of propylene glycol in 25 L of water once per day for 3 days. The incidence of RFM was 14.7% (92/624) in multiparous cows and 11.5% (67/583) in primiparous cows (P = 0.003). The incidence of retained placenta was 14.7% (92/624) during the summer and 14.8% (108/731) during the winter (P = 0.99). Conception rates after first postpartum AI were 32.5% (276/850) and 25.8% (34/132) for healthy cows and cows with RFM, respectively (P = 0.12). More cows that did not have RFM were pregnant at 150 DIM than cows with retained placenta (42.3 v. 29.3%; P = 0.003). Based on predicted 305-day milk yield, cows with retained placenta produced less milk than healthy cows (5924.0 ± 158.0 v. 6315.3 ± 61.0 kg, respectively; P = 0.009). The average peak production was 30.8 ± 0.3 and 29.1 ± 0.7 kg for healthy and RFM cows, respectively (P = 0.02). During the first 60 days in milk, the total milk production for RFM and healthy cows was, respectively, 1305.7 ± 37.3 and 1441.2 ± 15.8 L (P = 0.0008). In conclusion, although season did not influence the incidence of RFM in dairy cows, parity had an effect. Moreover, RFM was associated with a decrease in reproductive efficiency and milk production in dairy cows managed in the tropics. Financial support was received from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) of Brazil.

Serum Metabolic Markers Pre and Postpartum in Holstein Cows According to the Mastitis Occurrence

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schwegler ◽  
Augusto Schneider ◽  
Ana Rita Tavares Krause ◽  
Paula Montagner ◽  
Eduardo Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Early Postpartum

 Background: Bovine mastitis causes major economic losses for milk producers by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk or even leading to the complete loss of the mammary gland secretory capacity. During the transition period, dairy cows are susceptible to infectious diseases; therefore, markers that allow early identification of cows in higher risk of developing diseases are especially useful at this time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum markers in the pre and postpartum of multiparous dairy cows with clinical mastitis and with health condition in the postpartum period in a semi-extensive management system.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-Six Holstein cows were monitored daily during milking until 59 days postpartum and were categorized according to the pre-milking strip cup test into clinical mastitis (mastitis group (MG)) and absence of symptoms (control group (CG)) that were negative to the test, representing the health cows. All cows were reared as one group and maintained in a semi-extensive pasture-based system. Blood samples were collected weekly after morning milking via venipuncture of the coccinea vein into tubes without anticoagulant and grouped for prepartum (-21 to 0 days from calving), early postpartum (0 to 30 days from calving), and late postpartum (30 to 59 days from calving) periods. Milk production was recorded daily. The serum markers albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS®. The cases of clinical mastitis occurred on average at 37.2 ± 4.9 days postpartum. Health cows (CG) had higher milk production compared to the mastitis group (MG) only in the late postpartum period (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups for albumin and NEFA concentrations in all periods evaluated (P > 0.05). In the early postpartum period the AST activity was higher in CG than in MG (P = 0.02). The GGT enzyme tended to be more concentrated in the CG than in the MG during the early (P = 0.06) and late (P = 0.08) postpartum periods. Late postpartum phosphorus concentration was lower for MG than CG (P = 0.04). In the prepartum and early postpartum periods, there was no difference among groups for phosphorus concentration (P > 0.05).Discussion: A decrease in milk production in MG compared to CG observed in late postpartum period was due to the inci­dence of mastitis observed around 37 days postpartum. Cows that presented clinical mastitis in the postpartum period did not differ in the blood concentration of NEFA in the prepartum period. In the late postpartum period higher concentration of phosphorus was observed in the CG than in MG, indicating that animals affected by mastitis may be in the weakest energy status. Regarding liver health, the concentration of AST was higher in the recent postpartum period for CG, in disagree­ment with previous studies that related AST to tissue injury caused by mastitis. The GGT enzyme tended to had higher concentrations in CG than MG during the whole postpartum period and may be related to increased hepatic metabolism due to higher production. There were no changes in albumin levels among healthy and mastitis cows, indicating that this marker can not be used to predict clinical mastitis. There were no metabolic alterations in the prepartum period related to the occurrence of postpartum mastitis in multiparous cows in a semi-extensive management system.Keywords: AST, dairy cows, NEFA.

scholarly journals An Untargeted Metabolomics Investigation of Milk from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis by 1H-NMR

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Chenglin Zhu ◽  
Kaiwei Tang ◽  
Xuan Lu ◽  
Junni Tang ◽  
Luca Laghi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Chemical Groups

Mastitis is one of the diseases with the highest incidence in dairy cows, causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry all over the world. The aim of the study was to characterize mastitic milk metabolome through untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Taking advantage of the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we had the opportunity to provide quantitative information for all the metabolites identified. Fifty-four molecules were characterized, sorted mainly into the chemical groups, namely amino acids, peptides and analogues, carbohydrates and derivates, organic acids and derivates, nucleosides, nucleotides and analogues. Combined with serum metabolomic investigations, several pathways were addressed to explain the mechanisms of milk metabolome variation affected by clinical mastitis, such as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. These results provide a further understanding of milk metabolome altered by clinical mastitis, which can be used as a reference for the further milk metabolome investigations.

scholarly journals Endurance Training Regulates Expression of Some Angiogenesis-Related Genes in Cardiac Tissue of Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Mojdeh Khajehlandi ◽  
Lotfali Bolboli ◽  
Marefat Siahkuhian ◽  
Mohammad Rami ◽  
Mohammadreza Tabandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
The Impact

Exercise can ameliorate cardiovascular dysfunctions in the diabetes condition, but its precise molecular mechanisms have not been entirely understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of endurance training on expression of angiogenesis-related genes in cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Thirty adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (N = 10) including diabetic training (DT), sedentary diabetes (SD), and sedentary healthy (SH), in which diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Endurance training (ET) with moderate-intensity was performed on a motorized treadmill for six weeks. Training duration and treadmill speed were increased during five weeks, but they were kept constant at the final week, and slope was zero at all stages. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to measure the expression of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C), histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) and Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in cardiac tissues of the rats. Our results demonstrated that six weeks of ET increased gene expression of MEF2C significantly (p < 0.05), and caused a significant reduction in HDAC4 and CaMKII gene expression in the DT rats compared to the SD rats (p < 0.05). We concluded that moderate-intensity ET could play a critical role in ameliorating cardiovascular dysfunction in a diabetes condition by regulating the expression of some angiogenesis-related genes in cardiac tissues.

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